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Evidence in Medicine: The Common Flaws, Why They Occur and How to Prevent Them
by Iain K. CrombieHigh-quality evidence is the foundation for effective treatment in medicine. As the vast amount of published medical evidence continues to grow, concerns about the quality of many studies are increasing. Evidence in Medicine is a much-needed resource that addresses the ‘medical misinformation mess’ by assessing the flaws in the research environment. This authoritative text identifies and summarises the many factors that have produced the current problems in medical research, including bias in randomised controlled trials, questionable research practices, falsified data, manipulated findings, and more. This volume brings together the findings from meta-research studies and systematic reviews to explore the quality of clinical trials and other medical research, explaining the character and consequences of poor-quality medical evidence using clear language and a wealth of supporting references. The text suggests planning strategies to transform the research process and provides an extensive list of the actions that could be taken by researchers, regulators, and other key stakeholders to address defects in medical evidence. This timely volume: Enables readers to select reliable studies and recognise misleading research Highlights the main types of biased and wasted studies Discusses how incentives in the research environment influence the quality of evidence Identifies the problems researchers need to guard against in their work Describes the scale of poor-quality research and explores why the problems are widespread Includes a summary of key findings on poor-quality research and a listing of proposed initiatives to improve research evidence Contains extensive citations to references, reviews, commentaries, and landmark studies Evidence in Medicine is required reading for all researchers who create evidence, funders and publishers of medical research, students who conduct their own research studies, and healthcare practitioners wanting to deliver high-quality, evidence-based care.
Evidence in Mental Health Care
by Mike Slade Stefan PriebeMental health care increasingly faces a challenge to be 'evidence based'. However, despite much policy activity in the UK, it's still not clear what sort of evidence researchers should be producing for mental health services, or what purchasers should be looking for. Evidence in Mental Health Care evaluates a range of different research methodologies and types of 'evidence', and includes: * a historical and conceptual analysis of what was regarded as evidence in the past, and what impact it has had in mental health care* a presentation of different methodological approaches, and a discussion of their strengths and weaknesses in providing evidence* how evidence is applied in different treatment and care modalities* different angles on the way forward for providing appropriate evidence to improve current mental health care. Evidence in Mental Health Care will prove vital for the successful extension of evidence-based evaluation to mental health services in general. It will be essential reading for researchers, students and practitioners across the range of mental health disciplines, health service managers and purchasers of services.
Evidence of Murder: A Novel Of Suspense (The Theresa MacLean Series #2)
by Lisa BlackFrom a New York Times–bestselling author, “this fast-paced thriller features a lot of detailed forensics with a rip-roaring ending” (Publishers Weekly). Eight months ago, forensic investigator Theresa MacLean lost her fiancé in a bank robbery gone wrong, and she’s had trouble concentrating on her work ever since. But when she investigates the death of a young mother that may have consequences for an innocent child, her attention is riveted by the harrowing case.Jillian Perry has been found dead in the woods, leaving behind a husband of three weeks and a young daughter. The police can’t determine how she died—her body shows no visible marks, and the autopsy reveals nothing suspicious—and the leading theory is that she purposely wandered into the forest and succumbed to the freezing weather. But something doesn’t feel right to Theresa, and she can’t let it go.To complicate matters, a former boyfriend of Jillian’s unexpectedly petitions for custody of her daughter. Obsessed with Jillian, he also suspects foul play in Jillian’s death, and now he and Theresa believe Jillian’s daughter may be in danger of meeting a similar fate. With a child’s life at stake, Theresa must search for evidence of murder—evidence that doesn’t seem to exist—before it’s too late.“Black, a former forensic scientist, knows her stuff and briskly leads readers along the trail of clues behind her likeable, no-nonsense heroine. . . . Smart science propels this intelligent, well-thought out crime thriller.” —Kirkus Reviews“She is, quite simply, one of the best storytellers around.” —Tess Gerritsen, New York Times–bestselling author of the Rizzoli & Isles series
Evidence-Based Assessment Framework for Assistive Technology: The MPT and MATCH-ACES Assessments (Rehabilitation Science in Practice Series)
by Susan A. ZapfThe primary focus of this book is to educate the reader on the Matching Person and Technology (MPT) model and assessment process that will guide the reader on consumer-centered assistive technology assessment and outcome measures designed to be used for individuals of all ages and all types of disabilities. The first section of the book introduces the MPT and Matching Assistive Technology and CHild (MATCH) assessment process and discusses key documents that align with the assessments including the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the Occupational Therapy Framework III.The second section of the book focuses on the international emphasis of the MPT and MATCH assessments. At present, there are eight countries that are represented in this section. Each chapter includes information on the assessment translations (with access to copies if available or at least access on how to obtain copies). The authors discuss research on the use of the assessment within their country to support the assessment use. Lastly, a case scenario is discussed in each chapter to provide the reader with an example of how the assessment was used with an actual consumer. The last section of the book includes a focus on outcome studies in the areas of early childhood, education (primary secondary, and postsecondary), work, and functional independence. This section provides the reader insight into how to outline outcome measures within the MPT and MATCH process. There is an additional section on future works that includes a brief introduction to the Service Animal Adaptive Intervention Assessment.This book is targeted to the Assistive Technology Providers (ATP) and policymakers (health care, education, and rehabilitation engineering), the university student pursuing a career in these areas, and the consumer of assistive technology.
Evidence-Based Cardiology
by John Cairns John Camm Salim Yusuf Ernest L. Fallen Bernard J. GershEvidence based Cardiology was first published in 1998 to universal acclaim. Now, with the move towards more patient focused health care and at the same time increased emphasis on health economics, evidence-based practice is a more important force in health care delivery than ever.This new third edition, written by the world's leading cardiologists, provides graded evidence-based reviews of the major trials together with recommendations for optimum management, and now includes new grading and recommendation methodology.This is a unique book in the field of cardiology, and the largest evidence based clinical cardiology text.
Evidence-Based Cardiology Consult
by Kathleen Stergiopoulos David L. BrownThe book will provide a detailed evidence-based approach to key issues in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with concurrent medical issues. It will provide a clinical focus with practical advice on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart disease supported by an expert's summary, without duplicating other texts. Each chapter will be structured similarly in the following sections: (1) Introduction, (2) Pathophysiology, (3) Diagnosis (4) Management (5) Key Points, (6) Summary of the key guidelines from professional societies where available. The recommendations will have a firm background in the AHA/ACC or ESC recommendations for the management of patients. The intention is to create a comprehensive book rather than a pocketbook or manual. We hope this book will serve as an up to date reference for the practicing clinician. Each of the approximately 40 chapters will have at most 5000 words and 5 -7 high quality figures or illustrations each. Only the highest quality authors will be recruited from the United States and Europe. The emphasis will be on depth of information yet ease of access. This necessitates an approach whereby not a single word, sentence or page of the book will be wasted. Brief where it needs to be brief, detailed where detail is required, this will be a true all-encompassing clinician reference.
Evidence-Based Care for Midwives: Clinical Effectiveness Made Easy
by David Rogers Ruth Chambers Elizabeth Boath Donna BrayfordThis highly practical book is written specifically for midwives, having been developed from the best-selling "Clinical Effectiveness and Clinical Governance Made Easy, Fourth Edition". Requiring no prior knowledge, it provides a straightforward guide to the topics of clinical effectiveness and clinical governance, avoiding jargon but explaining rel
Evidence-Based Care for Normal Labour and Birth: A Guide for Midwives
by Denis WalshEvidence-based care is a well established principle in contemporary healthcare and a world wide health care movement. However, despite the emphasis on promoting evidence-based or effective care without the unnecessary use of technologies and drugs, intervention rates in childbirth are rising rapidly. Evidence-based Care for Normal Labour and Birthbrings to light much of the evidence around what works best for normal birth which has, until now, remained largely hidden and ignored by maternity care professionals. Beginning with the decision about where to have a baby, through all the phases of labour to the immediate post-birth period, it systematically details research and other evidence sources that endorse a low intervention approach. The book: highlights where the evidence is compelling discusses its application where women question its relevance to them and where the practitioner's expertise leads them to challenge it gives background and context before discussing the research to date includes questions for reflection and practice recommendations generated from the evidence. Using research data, Evidence-based Care for Normal Labour and Birthcritiques institutionalised, scientifically managed birth and endorses a more humane midwifery-led model. Packed with up-to-date and relevant information, this controversial book will help all students, practising midwives and doulas keep abreast of the evidence surrounding normal birth and ensure their practice takes full advantage of it.
Evidence-Based Caries Prevention
by Ece EdenThis book aims to define the etiological factors in dental caries and to guide the clinician towards methods of caries prevention that are evidence based. The coverage includes discussion of the active role of the biofilm and the oral environment and emphasizes the multifactorial etiology of dental caries. The opening chapters describe the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries, highlight the value of caries risk assessment to the patient, and explain the dynamic process of the demineralization-remineralization cycle. Information is presented on the action of fluoride, and the evidence relating to the use and effectiveness of remineralization agents and biomimetic materials is reviewed. Additionally, the effects of antimicrobials such as chlorhexidine and ozone are summarized. Further chapters focus on dietary counseling (with information on sweeteners and probiotics), the effectiveness of sealants in caries prevention, and resin infiltration. The philosophy of prophylaxis and ways to improve patient compliance and achieve proper mechanical plaque removal are discussed. The book is concluded with a chapter discussing preventive actions in representative cases.
Evidence-Based Caries Prevention
by Ece EdenThis book, now in an extensively revised second edition, aims to define the etiological factors in dental caries and to guide the clinician towards evidence-based caries prevention methods. The coverage includes a discussion of the active role of the biofilm and the oral environment and emphasizes the multifactorial etiology of dental caries. The opening chapters describe the advanced technological improvements in the early detection and diagnosis of dental caries, highlight the value of caries risk assessment to the patient, and explain the dynamic process of the demineralization–remineralization cycle. Information is presented on the action of fluoride, and the evidence relating to the use, and effectiveness of remineralization agents, with new biomimetic materials are being reviewed. The effects of antimicrobials such as chlorhexidine, ozone, and newly, novel antimicrobial peptides are summarized. The further chapters focus on dietary counseling with information on sweeteners and probiotics, the effectiveness of sealants in caries prevention, and resin infiltration with long follow-up cases. The second edition contains research in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and the new era of artificial intelligence. The literature on caries prevention through the life course approach is updated. The conclusion chapter of the book, discussing preventive actions in representative cases, now includes the effect of substance abuse on oral health and prevention.
Evidence-Based Chronic Pain Management
by Cathy Stannard Jane Ballantyne Eija KalsoA genuine evidence-based text for optimum pain relief in various chronic conditionsContributes an important advance in the practice of pain management providing the information on which to build more coherent and standardised strategies for relief of patient sufferingAnswers questions about which are the most effective methods, AND those which are not effective yet continue to be usedIncludes discussion of the positive and the negative evidence, and addresses the grey areas where evidence is ambivalentWritten by the world's leading experts in evidence-based pain management this is a seminal text in the field of pain
Evidence-Based Cosmetic Breast Surgery
by Eric SwansonInsisting on an evidence-based approach, Dr. Swanson brings the light of science to bear on the many controversies in cosmetic breast surgery today. Conventional wisdom is challenged with factual analysis, made possible by Dr. Swanson's large body of published research. In his hallmark detailed style, the author lays the foundation with clinical studies, measurements, and patient-reported outcomes. The work is all here in one place for the first time, leading to some surprising conclusions. For plastic surgeons who prefer data to dogma, Evidence-Based Cosmetic Breast Surgery provides a unique and invaluable resource.
Evidence-Based Critical Care
by Paul Ellis MarikThis is the premier evidence-based textbook in critical care medicine. The Third Edition features updated and revised chapters, numerous new references, streamlined content, and new chapters on key topics such as the new paradigm in critical care medicine, cardiac output monitoring, surgical optimization, vital signs, and arterial blood gas analysis. The book maintains the author's trademark humor and engaging writing style and is suitable for a broad and diverse audience of medical students, residents, fellows, physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists who seek the latest and best evidence in critical care. From reviews of previous editions: "This is an excellent introduction to the concept of evidence-based medicine. . . The writing is clear, logical, and highly organized, which makes for fast and enjoyable reading. I believe this book will get daily use in most intensive care units, by a wide range of readers. " -Respiratory Care "This is one of the most comprehensive handbooks on critical care medicine with a strong emphasis on evidence base. . . Overall, this book should be useful for junior doctors or intensive care trainees who are starting their term in an intensive care unit. " -Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Evidence-Based Critical Care
by Robert C. HyzyThis book provides learners with a unique opportunity by virtue of the format outlined above. Each case presentation has a case vignette, which leads up to an important clinical question, and is followed by additional discussion which resolves the question posed. This is a new way to present knowledge in a medical book and should help critical care practitioners, fellows, residents, allied health professionals and students expand their critical care knowledge in an efficient and effective manner. This approach should also benefit those preparing for board examinations.
Evidence-Based Critical Care: A Case Study Approach
by Robert C. Hyzy Jakob McSparronThis extensively updated textbook comprehensively reviews the latest developments in evidence-based critical care. Topics are covered in a case study format with an emphasis on the principles of diagnosis and therapy. Each topic is covered using a variety of case studies and features a case vignette, clinical question and an additional discussion section to clarify areas of particular importance. Topics including cytokine release syndrome, sympathomimetic overdose and palliative care in the intensive care unit have been extensively revised, while new sections focusing on neuromuscular disease and subarachnoid hemorrhages have been added. Evidence-Based Critical Care, 2nd edition is a critical resource for critical care practitioners, fellows, residents; allied health professionals and medical students who wish to expand their knowledge within critical care. The case study-based approach taken in the textbook makes this an ideal resource for those preparing for board examinations.
Evidence-Based Decision Making in Dentistry
by Igor Tsesis Eyal Rosen Carlos E. NemcovskyThis clinically oriented book covers all aspects of the evidence-based decision making process in multidisciplinary management of the natural dentition. The book opens by clarifying the principles of evidence-based decision making and explaining how these principles should be applied in daily practice. Individual chapters then focus specifically, and in detail, on endodontic, periodontal, and prosthetic considerations, identifying aspects that need to be integrated into decision making and treatment planning. Evidence-based decision making with regard to preservation of the natural tooth versus extraction and implant placement is then discussed, and a concluding chapter examines likely future trends in dentistry and how they may affect clinical decision making. The authors include leading endodontists, periodontists, and prosthodontists. Given the multidisciplinary and comprehensive nature of the book, it will be relevant and interesting to the entire dental community.
Evidence-Based Dermatology
by Berthold Rzany Hywel Williams Michael Bigby Masutaka Furue Luigi Naldi Robert Dellavalle Andrew Herxheimer Yuping RanBe sure your skin-care treatments have strong evidential support Evidence-based Dermatology, Third Edition takes a unique approach to clinical dermatology by emphasising use of only the highest quality available evidence when treating people with skin diseases.Beginning with a toolbox introduction to the practice of evidence-based dermatology, it then covers the application of evidence for dermatological treatments across a wide range of ailments, including:* Common inflammatory skin diseases* Skin cancer, moles and actinic keratoses* Infective skin disease, exanthems and infestations* Disorders of pigmentationIn addition, many of the rarer skin disorders are also included so as to provide comprehensive coverage of the topic.World-leading experts in dermatology follow a clinical approach for each disease, and as well as providing their expert guidance on the description and diagnosis of dermatologic disorders, they also discuss common dilemmas that clinicians face when considering the best approach to patient management. 'Key Points' accompany each chapter to provide a quick review of the most important points.Clinically oriented and practically focused, Evidence-based Dermatology ensures that your treatments are entirely patient-focused and fully supported by the very latest medical evidence.
Evidence-Based Diagnosis
by Thomas B. Newman Michael A. KohnEvidence-Based Diagnosis is a textbook about diagnostic, screening, and prognostic tests in clinical medicine. The authors' approach is based on many years of experience teaching physicians in a clinical research training program. Although requiring only a minimum of mathematics knowledge, the quantitative discussions in this book are deeper and more rigorous than in most introductory texts. The book includes numerous worked examples and 60 problems (with answers) based on real clinical situations and journal articles. The book will be helpful and accessible to anyone seeking to select, develop, or market medical tests. Topics covered include: the diagnostic process, test reliability and accuracy, likelihood ratios, and ROC curves, testing and treatment thresholds, critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic, screening and prognostic tests, test independence and methods of combining tests, quantifying treatment benefits using randomized trials and observational studies, Bayesian interpretation of P values and confidence intervals and challenges for evidence-based diagnosis and evidence-based medicine.
Evidence-Based Diagnosis: An Introduction to Clinical Epidemiology
by Thomas B. Newman Michael A. KohnMedicine is becoming increasingly reliant on diagnostic, prognostic and screening tests for the successful treatment of patients. With new tests being developed all the time, a more informed understanding of the benefits and drawbacks of these tests is crucial. Providing readers with the tools needed to evaluate and interpret these tests, numerous real-world examples demonstrate the practical application and relevance of the material. The mathematics involved are rigorously explained using simple and informative language. Topics covered include the diagnostic process, reliability and accuracy of tests, and quantifying treatment benefits using randomized trials, amongst others. Engaging illustrations act as visual representations of the concepts discussed in the book, complementing the textual explanation. Based on decades of experience teaching in a clinical research training program, this fully updated second edition is an essential guide for anyone looking to select, develop or market medical tests.
Evidence-Based Education in the Classroom: Examples From Clinical Disciplines
by Jennifer Friberg Colleen Visconti Sarah GinsbergEvidence-Based Education in the Classroom: Examples From Clinical Disciplines shows educators how to use evidence to inform teaching practices and improve educational outcomes for students in clinically based fields of study.Editors and speech-language pathologists Drs. Jennifer C. Friberg, Colleen F. Visconti, and Sarah M. Ginsberg collaborated with a team of more than 65 expert contributors to share examples of how they have used evidence to inform their course design and delivery. Each chapter is set up as a case study that includes: A description of the teaching/learning context focused on in the chapter A brief review of original data or extant literature being applied A description of how evidence was applied in the teaching/learning context Additional ideas for how evidence could be applied in other teaching/learning contexts across clinical disciplines Additional resources related to the pedagogy described in the case study (e.g., journal articles, books, blogs, websites) Educators in the fields of speech-language pathology, audiology, nursing, social work, sports medicine, medicine, dietetics, dental assisting, physician assisting, radiology technology, psychology, and kinesiology—already familiar with evidence-based practice—will find this resource helpful in implementing evidence-informed approaches to their teaching.While the content in clinical programs is quite different, there are many similarities in how to teach students across such programs. Evidence-Based Education in the Classroom: Examples From Clinical Disciplines highlights these similarities and represents a masterclass in how to practice evidence-based education.
Evidence-Based Education in the Health Professions: Promoting Best Practice in the Learning and Teaching of Students
by Brett Williams Ted BrownEvidence-based education is an attempt to find, critique and implement the highest quality research evidence that underpins the education provided to students.This comprehensive book presents concepts key to evidence-based education, learning and teaching, analysing a wide range of allied health professions in depth. It introduces unique, inspirati
Evidence-Based Emergency Care
by Jesse M. Pines Ali S. Raja Christopher R. Carpenter Jeremiah D. SchuurThis book for emergency physicians and fellows training in emergency medicine provides evidence-based information on what diagnostic tests to ask for and when and how to use particular decision rules. The new edition builds on the success of the current book by modifying the presentation of the evidence, increasing the coverage, and updating the current information throughout.
Evidence-Based Emergency Care: Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision Rules (Evidence-Based Medicine #67)
by Jesse M. Pines Worth W. EverettThis useful handbook provides a concise compilation of the evidence supporting diagnostic testing and clinical decision rules in emergency care. Clinical decision rules are now widely recognised as best practice for the ordering of diagnostic tests in the emergency department. Aimed at all physicians working with emergency and acute patients, the book begins with an overview of how to evaluate a diagnostic test using an evidence-based approach, followed by an explanation of the clinical decision rules and the methods of assessing the strength and applicability of the clinical prediction rule. These introductory chapters are followed by sections covering the following clinical areas: * Traumatic Injuries * Cardiology * Infectious Disease * Surgical and Abdominal Complaints * Urology * Neurology * Ophthalmology, Hematology, Rheumatology * Pulmonology. For each test and clinical decision rule, the most current and best available studies in the literature are discussed and applied to emergency department and acute care patients in addressing the question at hand, followed by an overall recommendation on how to use the test or rule in the clinical context. Evidence-Based Emergency Care is an accessible and extremely useful reference for physicians at all levels to use in applying an evidence-based approach to ordering and interpreting tests in an acute care environment.
Evidence-Based Emergency Care: Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision Rules (Evidence-Based Medicine)
by Jesse M. Pines Ali S. Raja Christopher R. Carpenter Fernanda BellolioEVIDENCE-BASED EMERGENCY CARE DIAGNOSTIC TESTING AND CLINICAL DECISION RULES THIRD EDITION Improve and streamline the diagnostic decision-making process in emergency care The newly revised third edition of Evidence-Based Emergency Care: Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision Rules offers an updated review of the evidence and expert discussion of relevant issues in diagnostic testing in the everyday practice of emergency medicine. This book also provides a detailed overview of the science of diagnostic testing and reviews the process behind the development of clinical decision rules. The focus is asking and answering practical questions using original research studies, while commenting on the best available evidence for relevant clinical topics. Readers will also find: Comprehensive explorations of COVID-19, telemedicine, trauma, cardiology, infectious disease, and surgical and abdominal complaints Practical discussions of urology, neurology, hematology, ophthalmology, pulmonology, rheumatology, and geriatric medicine Exploration of practice and policy considerations of testing in an era of limited resources The book is perfect for emergency medicine physicians, nurses, and other allied health professionals. Readers of Evidence-Based Emergency Care: Diagnostic Testing and Clinical Decision Rules, Third Edition will also earn a place in the libraries of administrators and managers in healthcare settings seeking to optimize the use of scarce resources while maintaining the highest standards of care.
Evidence-Based Emergency Imaging: Optimizing Diagnostic Imaging Of Patients In The Emergency Care Setting (Evidence-based Imaging Ser.)
by Kimberly E. Applegate Aine Kelly Paul Cronin Stefan PuigThis book presents evidence-based criteria to systematically assess the appropriate use of medical imaging in the emergency department and other acute care settings. Over the last decade, there have been profound changes in the diagnostic testing and work-up of patients presenting to the emergency department with emergent symptoms. One of the most far-reaching changes has been the increased availability, speed, and accuracy of imaging due, in part, to technical improvements in imaging modalities such as CT, MR, and PET. Although the use of high-end imaging has plateaued in general, increased utilization continues in the ED. These patients are more acutely ill and there is additional pressure to make an accurate diagnosis as quickly as possible to facilitate prompt disposition or treatment. There is also strong evidence for the beneficial use of imaging in the emergency setting that results in improved patient outcomes. This book answers that need by providing protocols and guidelines for neuroradiological, cardiothoracic, abdominal and pelvic, musculoskeletal, and pediatric imaging are reviewed in terms of the available imaging modalities, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options. Distinguished by its unique focus on evidence-based emergency imaging in adults, children, and special populations, this book is a unique resource for radiologists, emergency medicine physicians, and physicians in other specialties who need to be informed about the most appropriate uses of diagnostic imaging in the emergency care setting.