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Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction: From Barrett's Esophagus to Cancer
by Simone Giacopuzzi Andrea Zanoni Giovanni ManzoniThis book offers up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the diagnosis and therapy of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). As is appropriate in the era of multidisciplinary and multimodal treatment, the contributions of all the various specialists involved cooperatively in the treatment of EGJ cancer are thoroughly described. Detailed attention is also paid to the significance of preneoplastic lesions, such as Barrett esophagus. The final part of the book represents a surgical atlas documenting the techniques used in the EGJ region, with superb color images and stepwise description of procedures. Against the background of the rapidly increasing incidence in EGJ cancer, especially evident in Western countries, there is a need for greater uniformity in management strategies, which currently vary significantly across the world. This book provides appropriate guidance that will assist all practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of EGJ cancers, including surgeons, oncologists, and radiotherapists.
Adenomyosis: Facts and treatments
by Felix Wong Min Xue Jinhua LengThis book aims to provide updated facts and treatments for practicing gynecologists and postgraduate doctors to enhance their understanding of pathogenesis, pathology, symptoms and diagnostic imaging technology of adenomyosis, such as to select appropriate treatments, to improve the symptoms, fertility and the quality of life of women with adenomyosis. This book also particularly introduces the new treatment for adenomyosis using the non-invasive High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ablation treatment. Hopefully, it will provide a better understanding of its operation, effectiveness, and pregnancy outcome, to formulate a more successful treatment strategy for this disease.
Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #353)
by Charles E. Samuel"The objective of this CTMI volume is to provide readers with a foundation for understanding what ADARs are and how they act to affect gene expression and function. It is becoming increasingly apparent that ADARs may possess roles not only as enzymes that deaminate adenosine to produce inosine in RNA substrates with double-stranded character, but also as proteins independent of their catalytic property. Because A-to-I editing may affect base-pairing and RNA structure, processes including translation, splicing, RNA replication, and miR and siRNA silencing may be affected. Future studies of ADARs no doubt will provide us with additional surprises and new insights into the modulation of biological processes by the ADAR family of proteins."
Adenosine Receptors in Health and Disease (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #193)
by Constance N. Wilson S. Jamal MustafaSince their discovery approximately 25 years ago, adenosine receptors have now emerged as important novel molecular targets in disease and drug discovery. These proteins play important roles in the entire spectrum of disease from inflammation to immune suppression. Because of their expression on a number of different cell types and in a number of different organ systems they play important roles in specific diseases, including asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, sepsis, and obesity. As a result of intense investigations into understanding the molecular structures and pharmacology of these proteins, new molecules have been synthesized that have high specificity for these proteins and are now entering clinical trials. These molecules will define the next new classes of drugs for a number of diseases with unmet medical needs.
Adenosine Receptors: Therapeutic Aspects for Inflammatory and Immune Diseases
by Csaba Szabó Bruce N. Cronstein György HaskóAfter a century of research, several lines of evidence now indicate that the ability of adenosine to directly control inflammatory cells has a major impact on the functions of the inflammatory and immune systems. Consequently, many promising therapeutic approaches are beginning to emerge that focus on the modulation of adenosine, including the deve
Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides As Regulators of Cellular Function
by John W. PhillisThis book provides valuable information for investigators interested in the signaling and regulatory functions of adenosine and the adenine nucleotides. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the historical development of research on adenosine and adenosine triphosphate; various aspects of the formation, metabolism, release, transport, and receptors for endogenous adenosine and the adenosine triphosphate; functions of purines at the cellular level; the role of adenosine in the regulation of flow in different vascular beds; and angiogenesis. The book also addresses the purinergic regulation of the cardiac, renal, gastro-intestinal, and central nervous system, as well as potential therapeutic avenues for purine use. The book will be valuable to physiologists, pharmacologists, and other basic and clinical scientists interested in updating their knowledge of the expanding biological roles of these substances.
Adenosine: A Key Link between Metabolism and Brain Activity
by Susan Masino Detlev BoisonHomeostasis of key metabolites and metabolic health affects all bodily systems. Not surprisingly, altered metabolic function is associated with a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in the central nervous system - including developmental disorders, acute nervous system injury, and neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, metabolism-based therapies offer significant promise as new category of treatment options designed to limit, delay or reverse the disease process by reconstructing homeostatic functions. Increasingly it is appreciated that restoring metabolic health could promote normal nervous system activity, and improve behavior and cognition. Adenosine: A Key Link Between Metabolism and Central Nervous System Activity focusses on diverse aspects of adenosine, an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic bioenergetic regulator in the central nervous system. Because of its interrelationship with ATP (adenosine triphosphate), adenosine is integral to cell metabolism. At the same time, adenosine influences neuronal activity directly via receptors, and is involved in biochemical processes related to gene expression. Thus, adenosine is uniquely placed as a reciprocal and rapid link between changes in metabolism and changes in neuronal activity, and, on a longer time scale, to changes in gene expression and long term changes in cell function. Leaders in the field feature basic research on adenosine at the cellular level in the central nervous system, and relate these findings to its recognized potential in diverse acute and chronic disorders. This comprehensive overview of adenosine also highlights emerging adenosine-based treatments and associated opportunities for central nervous system disorders.
Adenovirus Epithelial Keratitis and Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis: In Vivo Morphology in the Human Cornea
by Helena M. TaberyDespite differences in frequency, causation, and infectivity, adenovirus epithelial keratitis and Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) are often confused in clinical practice owing to the similarity between adenovirus epithelial infiltrates and 'coarse' epithelial TSPK lesions. This book presents the morphological features, dynamics, and sequelae of adenovirus and Thygeson's keratitides captured at high magnification in the living human cornea. It thereby fills the existing void between conventional photographs and slit-lamp observations. Case reports demonstrate the importance of patient history in differential diagnosis, illustrate the need for familiarity with early manifestations of adenovirus infections, and assist in the diagnosis of rare variants of TSPK. Furthermore, the detailed observations on the natural course of the diseases ensure that the book will serve not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a reference when evaluating the effects of potential new treatments.
Adenovirus Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, Volume 1: Volume 1: Adenoviruses, Ad Vectors, Quantitation, and Animal Models (Methods in Molecular Medicine #130)
by William S. Wold Ann E. TollefsonAdenovirus Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, now in two volumes, is an essential resource for adenovirus (Ad) researchers beginning in the field, and an inspirational starting point for researchers looking to branch into new areas of Ad study. In addition to updating and expanding the first edition, the authors have added new chapters that address innovative areas of emphasis in Ad research, including Ad vector construction and use, real-time PCR, use of new animal models, and methods for quantification of Ad virus or virus expression/interactions. Each of the protocols presented in these volumes is written by trendsetting researchers.
Adenovirus Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, Volume 2: Volume 2: Ad Proteins and RNA, Lifecycle and Host Interactions, and Phyologenetics (Methods in Molecular Medicine #131)
by William S. Wold Ann E. TollefsonAdenovirus Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, now in two volumes, is an essential resource for adenovirus (Ad) researchers beginning in the field, and an inspirational starting point for researchers looking to branch into new areas of Ad study. In addition to updating and expanding the first edition, the authors have added new chapters that address innovative areas of emphasis in Ad research, including Ad vector construction and use, real-time PCR, use of new animal models, and methods for quantification of Ad virus or virus expression/interactions. Each of the protocols presented in these volumes is written by trendsetting researchers.
Adenovirus Methods and Protocols: Volume 2: Ad Proteins And Rna, Lifecycle And Host Interactions, And Phyologenetics (Methods in Molecular Medicine #21)
by William S. WoldIn Adenovirus Methods and Protocols, William S.M. Wold has organized a collection of readily reproducible methods for conducting research with adenoviruses, the premier and most widely used model in cell and molecular biology. The methods range from how to grow and titer adenoviruses and how to construct specific alterations in the adenovirus genome, to how to measure apoptosis induced by cells of the immune system, cytokines, and intrinsic apoptosis effectors. In addition, there are methods to study transcription and splicing with in vitro systems and for the adenovirus-mediated transformation of cells to a malignant state. Each method is written by a prominent investigator well-versed in the technique and includes a brief background discussion, as well as tried and true step-by-step instructions.<P><P> Adenovirus Methods and Protocols will be useful to both entry-level and senior scientists seeking to enter the adenovirus field, to researchers from other areas wishing to construct adenovirus vectors for their own research, and to adenovirologists wanting to enter new sectors of research. Its cutting-edge techniques are certain to make it today's reference of choice, one from which even expert researchers will learn many productive and time-saving techniques.
Adequacy Of Evidence For Physical Activity Guidelines Development: Workshop Summary
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesIs there a sufficient evidence base for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to develop a comprehensive set of physical activity guidelines for Americans? To address this question, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) held a workshop titled "Adequacy of Evidence for Physical Activity Guidelines Development" in Washington, DC on October 23-24, 2006, sponsored by HHS. The workshop summary includes the presentations and discussions of more than 30 experts who were asked to consider the available evidence related to physical activity and the general population, as well as special population subgroups including children and adolescents, pregnant and postpartum women, older adults, and persons with disabilities. The summary provides an overview of the specific issues of relevance in assessing the quality and breadth of the available evidence.
Adequacy of the VA Persian Gulf Registry and Uniform Case Assessment Protocol
by Committee on the Evaluation of the Department of Veterans Affairs Uniform Case Assessment ProtocolAs mandated in Public Law 103-446, the Department of Veterns Affairs (VA) asked the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to review its Uniform Case Assessment Protocol (UCAP) for Persian Gulf veterans. The purpose of the program is to provide a systematic, comprehensive medical protocol for the diagnosis of health problems of Persian Gulf veterans. This report is the third in a series of studies by IOM reviewing the protocols used by the VA and the Department of Defense to diagnose the health complaints of Gulf veterans. The committee reviews and makes recommendations concerning the adequacy of the medical protocol and its implementation by the VA, as well as the VA's outreach and education efforts aimed at informing Persian Gulf veterans and their care providers of the purpose and availability of this program. In addition, the report contains as appendixes the findings and recommendations of the previous reports, as well as those of two related IOM reports on Health Consequences of Service During the Persian Gulf War.
Adequate Food for All: Culture, Science, and Technology of Food in the 21st Century
by Wilson G. Pond Buford L. Nichols Dan L. BrownFood is the sustenance of life. But while we understand that a secure supply of food has been affected by many factors over the course of history, we do not often allow ourselves to entertain the idea that a lack of adequate food worldwide is a very real and dangerous possibility. While soil degradation, water distribution, climate change, populati
Adherance to Treatment in Medical Conditions
by Lynn MyersPoor adherence or compliance to treatment has major medical, psychological and economic consequences. This monographs provides comprehensive coverage of issues and research in the area of adherence and treatment in medical conditions. It covers all aspects within this field and includes chapters on the role of doctor-patient communications; memory; adherence in specific groups, such as children and the elderly; adherence to different treatments, such as diet and exercise; and reviews of adherence in specific conditions, such as diabetes and asthma.
Adherence in Dermatology
by Scott A. DavisAn essential, comprehensive, and practical guide to understanding, measuring, and modifying patients' adherence behavior to optimize treatment outcomes, this book covers all major aspects of adherence in dermatology. The first section describes current knowledge on the magnitude and impact of nonadherence; the second outlines measuring adherence in the context of databases, trials and practice. The third section addresses adherence in key skin diseases and the fourth covers numerous strategies to improve adherence by mitigating specific patient barriers. All sections emphasize ways to optimize communication with patients: the foundation for producing successful health behavior change. Low adherence helps explain why, despite effective treatments existing for all major dermatologic conditions, many patients still fail to improve. When clinicians endeavour to maximize adherence, with the aid of evidence-based strategies, these drugs will often realise their potential. This book devotes special attention to understanding why individuals may be nonadherent, so that each patient can receive a suitable treatment regimen, with a personalized plan of action. This book is designed for clinicians at all levels, serving as both introductory training for medical students and residents, and an update on the field for experienced practitioners. Researchers and policymakers will also benefit from its coverage of research methods and the impact of nonadherence in specific diseases. Adherence in Dermatology bridges the gap between outcomes researchers and clinicians by explaining the latest findings in plain language, with examples from everyday dermatologic practice.
Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Perinatal Women in Guyana: Challenges and Lessons for Developing Nations
by Debbie VitalisThe book documents the history of the prevention-of-mother-to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) program in Guyana, as well as the impact of HIV on pregnant and postpartum women’s adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The book shows research work by reviewing the literature to investigate relevant adherence studies, presenting in-depth interviews on adherence perspectives of clinic patients and healthcare providers, and a cross-sectional descriptive study of pregnant women that investigated general adherence to pregnancy-related behaviours and ART, and the efficacy of a theoretical model (Health Belief Model) to understand and predict ART adherence within this group. Author discusses the factors affecting ART adherence among pregnant and postpartum women, since existing studies may not account for cultural and other local variations. The findings provide insight into the local situation, and will also inform policy and practice in Guyana, and the wider Caribbean Community (CARICOM).
Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens (Issues in Clinical Child Psychology)
by Michael A. Rapoff Christina Duncan Cynthia KarlsonThe third edition of this book provides comprehensive coverage of pediatric medical adherence, including such important topics as the extent of nonadherence and medical consequences, predictors of adherence, theories about adherence and clinical applications, and assessment strategies for adherence and health outcomes. In addition, chapters describe strategies for improving adherence, review research studies on improving adherence, and address ways to improve research on adherence for children and adolescents with chronic diseases. The new edition also examines the developmental aspects of adherence assessment and intervention as well as cultural, ethical, and legal issues in adherence research and practice. Key areas of coverage include: Consequences of nonadherence and correlates of adherence. Developmental aspects related to assessing and improving pediatric medical adherence. Assessing pediatric disease and health status. Cultural, ethical, and legal issues related to pediatric medical adherence. Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens, Third Edition, is an essential reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians, therapists, and other practitioners in developmental, clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatrics and pediatric psychology, social work, public health, health psychology, and all interrelated fields.
Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens (Issues in Clinical Child Psychology)
by Michael A. RapoffIt used to be called noncompliance, and the patients themselves referred to as difficult. But regardless of the terminology, children's reluctance or failure to commit to prescribed regimens reduces the effectiveness of treatment, often leading to additional care, higher costs, and serious, even deadly, complications. Reflecting a single, authoritative voice, the Second Edition of Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens analyzes in comprehensive clinical detail the factors that affect children's and teens' commitment to treatment - from developmental issues to the influence of parents, peers, and others in their orbit - and offers empirically sound guidelines for encouraging adherence. It cautions against viewing young clients as miniature grownups or scaling down adult data, advocating instead for a more nuanced understanding of the population and a collaborative relationship between practitioner and client. Critical areas of interest to clinicians and researchers in pediatrics are brought into clear focus as the book: Provides an overview of adherence rates to chronic and acute disease regimens and examines common adherence problems in children and adolescents. Details consequences of nonadherence and correlates of adherence. Critiques major adherence theories and their clinical implications. Discusses the range of adherence assessment measures. Reviews educational, behavioral and other strategies for improving adherence. Offers ways to translate research into pediatric medical adherence. This updated edition of Adherence to Pediatric Medical Regimens is an essential reference for anyone concerned with improving health outcomes in young people, especially clinicians, researchers, and graduate students in psychiatry as well as pediatric, clinical child, and health psychology.
Adherens Junctions: From Molecular Mechanisms To Tissue Development And Disease (Subcellular Biochemistry #60)
by Tony HarrisCell-cell adhesion is fundamental for the development and homeostasis of animal tissues and organs. Adherens junctions (AJs) are the best understood cell-cell adhesion complexes. In this volume, a group of internationally recognized experts reviews AJ biology over a wide range of organization; from atoms to molecules, to protein complexes, molecular networks, cells, tissues, and overall animal development. AJs have also been an integral part of animal evolution, and play central roles in cancer development, pathogen infection and other diseases. This book addresses major questions encompassing AJ biology. * How did AJs evolve? * How do cadherins and catenins interact to assemble AJs and mediate adhesion? * How do AJs interface with other cellular machinery to couple adhesion with the whole cell? * How do AJs affect cell behaviour and multicellular development? * How can abnormal AJ activity lead to disease?
Adhesion G Protein-coupled Receptors: Molecular, Physiological and Pharmacological Principles in Health and Disease (Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology #234)
by Tobias Langenhan Torsten SchönebergLatest research on Adhesion GPCRs has unearthed surprising revelations about the events that govern the signal transduction of these receptor molecules and the cellular and organ requirements for these signals. Unexpected and unprecedented findings suggest that Adhesion GPCRs constitute a group of receptors that sense mechanical stimuli and transcode them into metabotropic signals through the action of a novel activation paradigm. Interdisciplinary efforts transcending many areas of biomedical research including pharmacology, physiology, genetics, cell biology, structural biology, biochemistry and bioinformatics were necessary to unveil these fundamental properties. The scientific leaders in the field that carried this research effort have teamed up here to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding, how Adhesion GPCRs signal and how these receptors shape organ structure and function.
Adhesion Molecules in Allergic Disease
by Bruce S. BochnerThis unique resource-the first book of its kind exclusively devoted to the subject-offers timely coverage of the cells, mechanisms, and proteins involved in allergic inflammation, emphasizing the latest advances in local cell recruitment.
Adhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells
by Yury A. RovenskyAdhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells describes the basic mechanisms of the ability of tissue cells to attach to each other and to the extracellular matrix. These adhesive interactions are pivotal regulators of main cellular functions, such as proliferation, survival and migration. The adhesive interactions are involved in embryonic development, regeneration, and also in inflammation and degeneration processes, which are at the basis of many diseases. Serious alterations in cell adhesion caused by the oncogenic transformation play a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This volume provides comprehensive information about structural, mechanistic and signaling aspects of adhesive interactions in both normal and cancer cells in comparison. Integration of such aspects of the adhesive process as structure, relation to cell systems of receptors and cytoskeleton, function, signaling pathways, and the alterations in tumor cells constitutes the strongest point of this work. The results of the long-time author's research are included in the book. The author was one of pioneers, who used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the cell surface morphology of normal cultured cells and the cells underwent the oncogenic transformation, processes of their attachment to and spreading on the surfaces of a solid substratum, and also surprising ability of the cells to respond to various geometric configurations of the substrata surfaces. Adhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells has both biological and medical aspects and, therefore, it can be interesting not only for cell biologists, developmental biologists and cancer researchers, but also for physicians. It is intended for researchers, postdocs, undergraduate and graduate students.
Adhunik Bharat ka Itihas - Ranchi University, N.P.U: आधुनिक भारत का इतिहास - राँची यूनिवर्सिटी, एन.पी.यू.
by Vipin Chandraआधुनिक भारत का इतिहास यह पुस्तक इतिहास के उस काल का वर्णन प्रस्तुत करती है जिसे ब्रिटिश भारत के रूप में जाना जाता है। यह वर्णन मुख्य रूप से भारत में राष्ट्रवाद और उपनिवेशवाद पर मेरे शोध और इस काल पर प्रकाशित विभिन्न ग्रंथों पर आधारित है। पुरातन साम्राज्यवाद और राष्ट्रवाद के इतिहासलेखन की चुनौती के साथ पुस्तक ऐतिहासिक-राजनैतिक वर्णन से आगे बढ़कर इतिहास, राजनीति, अर्थशास्त्र, समाजशास्त्र और अन्य संबंधित विषयों के पारस्परिक अंतर्संबंधों पर ध्यान केंद्रित करती है। पुस्तक में व्यापक सामाजिक बलों, आंदोलनों, संस्थानों और व्यक्तियों का अध्ययन इस उद्देश्य के साथ किया गया कि कुछ घटनाएं क्यों घटित हुई और इस तरह की घटनाओं के परिणामों का वर्णन कालक्रमानुसार किया गया है। पुस्तक में अठारहवीं सदी में भारत की सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक परिस्थितियों के आधार पर बताया गया है कि क्यों भारत ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी और बाद में ब्रिटिश शासन के अधीन हो गया। इसमें भारत पर ब्रिटिश शासन के राजनैतिक, प्रशासनिक और आर्थिक प्रभावों का सविस्तर वर्णन शामिल है। अंतिम पांच अध्याय भारत में राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन से जुड़े हैं, जिनमें भारतीय राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस के गठन से लेकर भारत द्वारा स्वतंत्रता की प्राप्ति का वर्णन है। राष्ट्रीय आंदोलन की नरमपंथी, गरमपंथी और क्रांतिकारी जैसी विभिन्न विचारधाराओं का विस्तृत विवेचन किया गया है।
Adhärenz in der medizinischen Therapie von Kindern
by Michael A. Rapoff Christina Duncan Cynthia KarlsonDieses Buches bietet eine umfassende Abdeckung der pädiatrischen medizinischen Einhaltung, einschließlich wichtiger Themen wie das Ausmaß der Nichteinhaltung und deren medizinische Konsequenzen, Prädiktoren der Einhaltung, Theorien zur Einhaltung und klinische Anwendungen sowie Bewertungsstrategien für Einhaltung und Gesundheitsergebnisse. Darüber hinaus beschreiben die Kapitel Strategien zur Verbesserung der Einhaltung, überprüfen Forschungsstudien zur Verbesserung der Einhaltung und behandeln Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Forschung zur Einhaltung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronischen Krankheiten. Die neue Auflage untersucht auch die Entwicklungsaspekte der Bewertung und Intervention zur Einhaltung sowie kulturelle, ethische und rechtliche Fragen in der Forschung und Praxis zur Einhaltung. Wichtige Themen sind: Konsequenzen der Nichteinhaltung und Korrelate der Einhaltung. Entwicklungsaspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Bewertung und Verbesserung der pädiatrischen medizinischen Einhaltung. Bewertung von pädiatrischen Erkrankungen und Gesundheitszuständen. Kulturelle, ethische und rechtliche Fragen im Zusammenhang mit der pädiatrischen medizinischen Einhaltung. Einhaltung pädiatrischer medizinischer Regime ist ein unverzichtbares Nachschlagewerk für Forscher, Professoren und Doktoranden sowie für Kliniker, Therapeuten und andere Fachkräfte in der Entwicklungs-, klinischen Kinder- und Schulpsychologie, Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Pädiatrie und pädiatrischer Psychologie, Sozialarbeit, Public Health, Gesundheitspsychologie und allen verwandten Bereichen.