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Expert Witnessing and Scientific Testimony: A Guidebook, Second Edition
by Kenneth S. CohenBased on the author‘s more than 35 years of experience as a successful expert witness, this revised and expanded edition of Expert Witnessing and Scientific Testimony: A Guidebook demonstrates how to properly present scientific, criminal, and forensic testimony and survive the onslaught of cross-examination in court. It presents material in a step-
Expert Witnessing: Explaining and Understanding Science
by Carl MeyerCommunication problems between science and the courts are widely deplored and sometimes exploited by a variety of groups. The U.S. Supreme Court has twice tightened the law of evidence to control the flow of information, but amazingly little has been written to analyze the nature of the problem and reduce the barriers. Expert Witnesses: Explaining and Understanding Science results from the first-hand experience of the contributors-who include scientists, expert witnesses, litigators, and a judge-that the cultural and interdisciplinary communications barriers between science and the law can be greatly reduced to everybody's advantage if the parties understand and respect each other's needs and positions.
Expert: Understanding the Path to Mastery
by Roger Kneebone'Roger Kneebone is a legend' Mark Miodownik, author of Stuff Matters'Fascinating and inspiring' Financial Times'The pandemic has made the necessity of relying on experts evident to all . . . this is a rich exploration of lifelong learning' GuardianWhat could a lacemaker have in common with vascular surgeons? A Savile Row tailor with molecular scientists? A fighter pilot with jazz musicians? At first glance, very little. But Roger Kneebone is the expert on experts, having spent a lifetime finding the connections.In Expert, he combines his own experiences as a doctor with insights from extraordinary people and cutting-edge research to map out the path we're all following - from 'doing time' as an Apprentice, to developing your 'voice' and taking on responsibility as a Journeyman, to finally becoming a Master and passing on your skills. As Kneebone shows, although each outcome is different, the journey is always the same. Whether you're developing a new career, studying a language, learning a musical instrument or simply becoming the person you want to be, this ground-breaking book reveals the path to mastery.
Expertenstandards in der Pflege - eine Gebrauchsanleitung
by Simone SchmidtSchritt für Schritt für eine bessere Pflegequalität!Dieses Buch bietet allen Mitarbeitern und Führungspersonen im Pflegebereich Unterstützung bei der praktischen Umsetzung der Expertenstandards.Verständlich und konkret beschreibt die erfahrene Autorin, wie die Einführung der Standards in Pflegeeinrichtungen gelingen kann. Diese Gebrauchsanleitung zeigt Ihnen Schritt für Schritt, welche Assessmentinstrumente Sie benötigen, wie man konkret im Praxisalltag mit den Expertenstandards arbeitet und wie man sie in bestehende Pflegeprozesse integriert. Unter Berücksichtigung aller Standardkriterien werden alle veröffentlichten Inhalte systematisch bearbeitet und übersichtlich dargestellt.So bleibt die Qualität der Pflege Ihren Ansprüchen gerecht und nachweisbar. Die 5. Auflage ist komplett aktualisiert und erweitert um die Standards Mundgesundheit und Hautintegrität
Expertenstandards in der Pflege - eine Gebrauchsanleitung: Eine Gebrauchsanleitung
by Simone SchmidtQualitätsbewusst und fachkompetent: Pflege nach Standard!Dieses Buch bietet allen Mitarbeitern und Führungspersonen im Pflegebereich Unterstützung bei der praktischen Umsetzung der Expertenstandards.Verständlich und konkret beschreibt die erfahrene Autorin, wie die Einführung der Standards in Pflegeeinrichtungen gelingen kann. Diese Gebrauchsanleitung zeigt Ihnen Schritt für Schritt, welche Assessmentinstrumente Sie benötigen, wie man konkret im Praxisalltag mit den Expertenstandards arbeitet und wie man sie in bestehende Pflegeprozesse integriert. Unter Berücksichtigung aller Standardkriterien werden alle veröffentlichten Inhalte systematisch bearbeitet und übersichtlich dargestellt.So bleibt die Qualität der Pflege Ihren Ansprüchen gerecht und nachweisbar.
Expertenwissen Handchirurgie
by Frank Unglaub Christian K. Spies Stefan Quadlbauer Martin LeixneringZielgruppe dieses Buches sind in der Handchirurgie tätige Orthopäden/-innen und Unfallchirurgen/-innen. Die schnelle Verfügbarkeit praxisrelevanter Informationen macht das Werk zu einem Nachschlagewerk im klinischen Alltag und bietet der Fachärztin und dem Facharzt zusammen mit dem vorgestellten umfassenden Wissen die notwendige Sicherheit in der täglichen Arbeit. Dabei stehen die renommierten Herausgeber, Autorinnen und Autoren aus anerkannten Zentren mit ihrer Kompetenz und Erfahrung für die hohe Qualität der Inhalte. Übersichtlich dargestellt, didaktisch gut gegliedert und mit aufwändigen Abbildungen visualisiert, werden die chirurgischen Techniken für die häufig komplexen Pathologien vorgestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt ist dabei die Präsentation von persönlichen Techniken und Lösungsansätzen der Autorinnen und Autoren.
Expertise Leadership and Collaborative Working: Intrapartum Care (Coursesmart Ser. #2)
by Soo Downe Sheena Byrom Louise SimpsonLeadership, expertise, and collaborative working are fundamental aspects of efficient and effective healthcare. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the general theories, principles and points of good practice in each of these three areas. This general literature is then contextualised by theoretical and practical implications for maternity care, and illustrated with in-depth case studies of successful innovation and change in practice. Essential reading for all midwives, midwifery students, and others working in or studying maternity care, this book helps readers understand the theoretical underpinnings of effective leadership, expertise and collaborative ways of working. Special features: Part of the acclaimed Essential Midwifery Practice series A theoretical and practical exploration of the nature and application of leadership, expertise and collaborative working in midwifery Provides inspirational case studies of change and innovation Brings together national and international experts in the field
Expertise Under Scrutiny: 21st Century Decision Making for Environmental Health and Safety (Risk, Systems and Decisions)
by Benjamin D. Trump Myriam MeradThis book explores the challenges that confront leaders in government and industry when making decisions in the areas of environmental health and safety. Today, decision making demands transparency, robustness, and resiliency. However thoughtfully they are devised, decisions made by governments and enterprises can often trigger immediate, passionate public response.Expertise Under Scrutiny shows how leaders can establish organizational decision making processes that yield valid, workable choices even in fast-changing and uncertain conditions.The first part of the book examines the organizational decision making process, describing the often-contentious environment in which important environmental health and safety decisions are made, and received. The authors review the roles of actors and experts in the decision making process. The book goes on to address such topics as:· The roles of actors and experts in the decision making process· Ethics and analytics as drivers of good decisions· Why managing problems in safety, security, environment, and health Part II offers an outline for adopting a formal decision support structure, including the use of decision support tools. It includes a chapter devoted to ELECTRE (ELimination and Choice Expressing Reality), a multi-criteria decision analysis system.The book concludes with an insightful appraisal and analysis of the expertise, structure and resources needed for navigating well-supported, risk-informed decisions in our 21st Century world.Expertise Under Scrutiny benefits a broad audience of students, academics, researchers, and working professionals in management and related disciplines, especially in the field of environmental health and safety.
Expertise in the Operating Room: Logistics, Fundamentals and Nuances
by Michael Yaremchuk Arman T. Serebrakian Brent B. Pickrell Julianna Paniss Michael T. Bailin Nicole GangiThis book provides the logistics, fundamentals, and nuances for all involved in surgery to optimize performance and results in the operating room. A surgical operation is a detailed coordination of a complex procedure involving the integration of many people, facilities, and supplies. The efficiency and success of an operation foremost depends on the professionalism of its staff. These medical professionals must understand the tasks of the operating room milieu of individuals. The surgeon, surgeon’s assistant, anesthesiologist, scrub nurse, circulating and recovery room nurses all determine an operation’s success and efficiency. Medical professional education too often focuses on senior level preparatory education or capstone projects rather than mastering day to day practical information or techniques. A reflection of this quandary is the establishment of surgical intern “boot camps.” These industry subsidized courses taken after medical school graduation are one- or two-week courses whose curriculum is to train recent medical school graduates how to function as surgeons. Patients deserve the work of professionals in and out of the operating room. Expertise in the Operating Room: Logistics, Fundamentals and Nuances presents a thorough understanding of the coordination of all members of a surgical team as well as the commonly used equipment and peri-procedural equipment necessary, serving all participating professionals including medical, nursing, physician associates, nurse practitioners, certified registered nurse anesthetists, other healthcare professional students, as well as surgery and anesthesia resident physicians, operating room staff members, and senior level surgeons.
Explainable AI in Health Informatics (Computational Intelligence Methods and Applications)
by Patrick Siarry Mayuri Mehta Rajanikanth AluvaluThis book provides a comprehensive review of the latest research in the area of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in health informatics. It focuses on how explainable AI models can work together with humans to assist them in decision-making, leading to improved diagnosis and prognosis in healthcare. This book includes a collection of techniques and systems of XAI in health informatics and gives a wider perspective about the impact created by them. The book covers the different aspects, such as robotics, informatics, drugs, patients, etc., related to XAI in healthcare. The book is suitable for both beginners and advanced AI practitioners, including students, academicians, researchers, and industry professionals. It serves as an excellent reference for undergraduate and graduate-level courses on AI for medicine/healthcare or XAI for medicine/healthcare. Medical institutions can also utilize this book as reference material and provide tutorials to medical professionals on how the XAI techniques can contribute to trustworthy diagnosis and prediction of the diseases.
Explainable AI in Healthcare and Medicine: Building a Culture of Transparency and Accountability (Studies in Computational Intelligence #914)
by David L. Buckeridge Arash Shaban-Nejad Martin MichalowskiThis book highlights the latest advances in the application of artificial intelligence and data science in health care and medicine. Featuring selected papers from the 2020 Health Intelligence Workshop, held as part of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Annual Conference, it offers an overview of the issues, challenges, and opportunities in the field, along with the latest research findings. Discussing a wide range of practical applications, it makes the emerging topics of digital health and explainable AI in health care and medicine accessible to a broad readership. The availability of explainable and interpretable models is a first step toward building a culture of transparency and accountability in health care. As such, this book provides information for scientists, researchers, students, industry professionals, public health agencies, and NGOs interested in the theory and practice of computational models of public and personalized health intelligence.
Explainable AI in Healthcare: Unboxing Machine Learning for Biomedicine (Analytics and AI for Healthcare)
by Mehul S Raval Mohendra Roy Tolga Kaya Rupal KapdiThis book combines technology and the medical domain. It covers advances in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) that facilitate automation in diagnostics and therapeutic and preventive health care. The special focus on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) uncovers the black box of ML and bridges the semantic gap between the technologists and the medical fraternity. Explainable AI in Healthcare: Unboxing Machine Learning for Biomedicine intends to be a premier reference for practitioners, researchers, and students at basic, intermediary levels and expert levels in computer science, electronics and communications, information technology, instrumentation and control, and electrical engineering. This book will benefit readers in the following ways: Explores state of art in computer vision and deep learning in tandem to develop autonomous or semi-autonomous algorithms for diagnosis in health care Investigates bridges between computer scientists and physicians being built with XAI Focuses on how data analysis provides the rationale to deal with the challenges of healthcare and making decision-making more transparent Initiates discussions on human-AI relationships in health care Unites learning for privacy preservation in health care
Explainable Ambient Intelligence: Explainable Artificial Intelligence Applications in Smart Life (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Tin-Chih Toly ChenThis book systematically reviews the progress of Explainable Ambient Intelligence (XAmI) and introduces its methods, tools, and applications. Ambient intelligence (AmI) is a vision in which an environment supports the people inhabiting it in an unobtrusive, interconnected, adaptable, dynamic, embedded, and intelligent way. So far, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been widely applied in AmI. However, some advanced AI methods are not easy to understand or communicate, especially for users with insufficient background knowledge of AI, which undoubtedly limits the practicability of these methods. To address this issue, explainable AI (XAI) has been considered a viable strategy. Although XAI technologies and tools applied in other fields can also be applied to explain AI technology applications in AmI, users should be the main body in the application of AmI, which is slightly different from the application of AI technologies in other fields. This book containsreal case studies of the application of XAml and is a valuable resource for students and researchers.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Biomedical and Robotics Healthcare)
by Xi Chen Utku Kose Nilgun Sengoz Marmolejo Saucedo, Jose AntonioThis book highlights the use of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for healthcare problems, in order to improve trustworthiness, performance and sustainability levels in the context of applications.Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Healthcare adopts the understanding that AI solutions should not only have high accuracy performance, but also be transparent, understandable and reliable from the end user's perspective. The book discusses the techniques, frameworks, and tools to effectively implement XAI methodologies in critical problems of healthcare field. The authors offer different types of solutions, evaluation methods and metrics for XAI and reveal how the concept of explainability finds a response in target problem coverage. The authors examine the use of XAI in disease diagnosis, medical imaging, health tourism, precision medicine and even drug discovery. They also point out the importance of user perspectives and value of the data used in target problems. Finally, the authors also ensure a well-defined future perspective for advancing XAI in terms of healthcare.This book will offer great benefits to students at the undergraduate and graduate levels and researchers. The book will also be useful for industry professionals and clinicians who perform critical decision-making tasks.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Applications (River Publishers Series in Biomedical Engineering)
by Xi Chen Deepak Gupta Utku KoseSince its first appearance, artificial intelligence has been ensuring revolutionary outcomes in the context of real-world problems. At this point, it has strong relations with biomedical and today’s intelligent systems compete with human capabilities in medical tasks. However, advanced use of artificial intelligence causes intelligent systems to be black-box. That situation is not good for building trustworthy intelligent systems in medical applications. For a remarkable amount of time, researchers have tried to solve the black-box issue by using modular additions, which have led to the rise of the term: interpretable artificial intelligence. As the literature matured (as a result of, in particular, deep learning), that term transformed into explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). This book provides an essential edited work regarding the latest advancements in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for biomedical applications. It includes not only introductive perspectives but also applied touches and discussions regarding critical problems as well as future insights. Topics discussed in the book include: XAI for the applications with medical images XAI use cases for alternative medical data/task Different XAI methods for biomedical applications Reviews for the XAI research for critical biomedical problems. Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical Applications is ideal for academicians, researchers, students, engineers, and experts from the fields of computer science, biomedical, medical, and health sciences. It also welcomes all readers of different fields to be informed about use cases of XAI in black-box artificial intelligence. In this sense, the book can be used for both teaching and reference source purposes.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications (Explainable AI (XAI) for Engineering Applications)
by Aditya Khamparia and Deepak GuptaThis reference text helps us understand how the concepts of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) are used in the medical and healthcare sectors. The text discusses medical robotic systems using XAI and physical devices having autonomous behaviors for medical operations. It explores the usage of XAI for analyzing different types of unique data sets for medical image analysis, medical image registration, medical data synthesis, and information discovery. It covers important topics including XAI for biometric security, genomics, and medical disease diagnosis.This book:• Provides an excellent foundation for the core concepts and principles of explainable AI in biomedical and healthcare applications.• Covers explainable AI for robotics and autonomous systems.• Discusses usage of explainable AI in medical image analysis, medical image registration, and medical data synthesis.• Examines biometrics security-assisted applications and their integration using explainable AI.The text will be useful for graduate students, professionals, and academic researchers in diverse areas such as electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, biomedical engineering, and computer science.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications (Advances in Computational Collective Intelligence)
by Tanzila Saba Amjad Rehman KhanArtificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is rising, and it holds tremendous potential for more accurate findings and novel solutions to complicated medical issues. Biomedical AI has potential, especially in the context of precision medicine, in the healthcare industry’s next phase of development and advancement. Integration of AI research into precision medicine is the future; however, the human component must always be considered.Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: Fundamentals and Applications focuses on the most recent developments in applying artificial intelligence and data science to health care and medical imaging. Explainable artificial intelligence is a well-structured, adaptable technology that generates impartial, optimistic results. New healthcare applications for explicable artificial intelligence include clinical trial matching, continuous healthcare monitoring, probabilistic evolutions, and evidence-based mechanisms. This book overviews the principles, methods, issues, challenges, opportunities, and the most recent research findings. It makes the emerging topics of digital health and explainable AI in health care and medical imaging accessible to a wide audience by presenting various practical applications.Presenting a thorough review of state-of-the-art techniques for precise analysis and diagnosis, the book emphasizes explainable artificial intelligence and its applications in healthcare. The book also discusses computational vision processing methods that manage complicated data, including physiological data, electronic medical records, and medical imaging data, enabling early prediction. Researchers, academics, business professionals, health practitioners, and students all can benefit from this book’s insights and coverage.
Explainable Machine Learning for Multimedia Based Healthcare Applications
by Deepak Gupta M. Shamim Hossain Utku KoseThis book covers the latest research studies regarding Explainable Machine Learning used in multimedia-based healthcare applications. In this context, the content includes not only introductions for applied research efforts but also theoretical touches and discussions targeting open problems as well as future insights. In detail, a comprehensive topic coverage is ensured by focusing on remarkable healthcare problems solved with Artificial Intelligence. Because today’s conditions in medical data processing are often associated with multimedia, the book considers research studies with especially multimedia data processing.
Explainable Machine Learning in Medicine (Synthesis Lectures on Engineering, Science, and Technology)
by Karol Przystalski Rohit M. ThankiThis book covers a variety of advanced communications technologies that can be used to analyze medical data and can be used to diagnose diseases in clinic centers. The book is a primer of methods for medicine, providing an overview of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that can be applied in different medical challenges. The authors discuss how to select and apply the proper technology depending on the provided data and the analysis desired. Because a variety of data can be used in the medical field, the book explains how to deal with challenges connected with each type. A number of scenarios are introduced that can happen in real-time environments, with each pared with a type of machine learning that can be used to solve it.
Explaining Abnormal Behavior
by Bruce F. PenningtonHighly readable and accessible, this book describes how research in cognitive science is transforming the way scientists and clinicians think about abnormal behavior. Bruce Pennington draws on work from multiple disciplines to identify compelling links among psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurological disorders that are not generally studied together. Presenting cutting-edge work on the brain systems involved in key domains of neuropsychological functioning, Pennington sheds light on acquired neurological disorders like aphasia and amnesia, as well as the development of such conditions as schizophrenia, depression, dyslexia, autism, and intellectual disability. The book also reveals how the analysis of both typical and atypical brain-behavior relationships can contribute to a neural explanation of the self and consciousness.
Explaining Abnormal Behavior: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective
by Bruce F. PenningtonHighly readable and accessible, this book describes how research in cognitive science is transforming the way scientists and clinicians think about abnormal behavior. Bruce Pennington draws on work from multiple disciplines to identify compelling links among psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurological disorders that are not generally studied together. Presenting cutting-edge work on the brain systems involved in key domains of neuropsychological functioning, Pennington sheds light on acquired neurological disorders like aphasia and amnesia, as well as the development of such conditions as schizophrenia, depression, dyslexia, autism, and intellectual disability. The book also reveals how the analysis of both typical and atypical brain-behavior relationships can contribute to a neural explanation of the self and consciousness.
Explaining Disease: Philosophical Reflections on Medical Research and Clinical Practice (European Studies in Philosophy of Science)
by Raffaella CampanerThis interdisciplinary monograph in philosophy of medicine examines models of explanation in health science and their relation with current medical trends, such as personalized and person-centered medicine. Medicine has provided challenging case studies for the general philosophy of science that have prompted rethinking of a wide range of philosophical notions – such as scientific law, theory and evidence – and contributed to the elaboration of pluralistic approaches to modeling, causality and explanation. The health sciences have increasingly recognized the role of philosophy of medicine as both a field of conceptual and methodological reflection, capable of addressing practical issues, and hence relevant for a proper understanding of the construction of medical knowledge, modeling practices, therapeutic strategies and preventive decisions.'Explaining Disease' contains various case studies in medicine to describe the assumptions underpinning the construction of explanatory models of diseases. It shows the impact different explanatory strategies can have on practical matters, which in turn affect clinical evaluation and therapy and public health decisions. The book concludes with a few open-ended reflections to foster more thorough consideration of the role of philosophy of medicine can play its dialogue with the health sciences. [this sounds wrong. Either: of the role of philosophy of medicine in its dialogue with the sciences, or: of the role philosophy of medicine can play in its dialogue with the health sciences.
Explaining Health Across the Sciences (Healthy Ageing and Longevity #12)
by Suresh I. S. Rattan Jonathan ShollThis edited volume aims to better understand the multifaceted phenomenon we call health. Going beyond simple views of health as the absence of disease or as complete well-being, this book unites scientists and philosophers. The contributions clarify the links between health and adaptation, robustness, resilience, or dynamic homeostasis, and discuss how to achieve health and healthy aging through practices such as hormesis. The book is divided into three parts and a conclusion: the first part explains health from within specific disciplines, the second part explores health from the perspective of a bodily part, system, function, or even the environment in which organisms live, and the final part looks at more clinical or practical perspectives. It thereby gathers, across 30 chapters, diverse perspectives from the broad fields of evolutionary and systems biology, immunology, and biogerontology, more specific areas such as odontology, cardiology, neurology, and public health, as well as philosophical reflections on mental health, sexuality, authenticity and medical theories. The overarching aim is to inform, inspire and encourage intellectuals from various disciplines to assess whether explanations in these disparate fields and across biological levels can be sufficiently systematized and unified to clarify the complexity of health. It will be particularly useful for medical graduates, philosophy graduates and research professionals in the life sciences and general medicine, as well as for upper-level graduate philosophy of science students.
Exploitation and Developing Countries: The Ethics of Clinical Research
by Jennifer S. Hawkins and Ezekiel J. EmanuelWhen is clinical research in developing countries exploitation? Exploitation is a concept in ordinary moral thought that has not often been analyzed outside the Marxist tradition. Yet it is commonly used to describe interactions that seem morally suspect in some way. A case in point is clinical research sponsored by developed countries and carried out in developing countries, with participants who are poor and sick, and lack education. Such individuals seem vulnerable to abuse. But does this, by itself, make such research exploitative? Exploitation and Developing Countries is an attempt by philosophers and bioethicists to reflect on the meaning of exploitation, to ask whether and when clinical research in developing countries counts as exploitative, and to consider what can be done to minimize the possibility of exploitation in such circumstances. These reflections should interest clinical researchers, since locating the line between appropriate and inappropriate use of subjects--the line between exploitation and fair use--is the central question at the heart of research ethics. Reflection on this rich and important moral concept should also interest normative moral philosophers of a non-Marxist bent. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Richard J. Arneson, Alisa L. Carse, Margaret Olivia Little, Thomas Pogge, Andrew W. Siegel, and Alan Wertheimer.
Exploitation, Ethics and Law: Violating the Ethos of the Doctor-Patient Relationship (Biomedical Law and Ethics Library)
by Suzanne Ost Hazel BiggsFocusing on a matter of continuing contemporary significance, this book is the first work to offer an in-depth exploration of exploitation in the doctor-patient relationship. It provides a theoretical analysis of the concept of exploitation, setting out exploitation’s essential elements within the authors’ account of wrongful exploitation. It then presents a contextual analysis of exploitation in the doctor-patient relationship, considering the dynamics of this fiduciary relationship, the significance of vulnerability, and the reasons why exploitation in this relationship is particularly wrongful. Two case studies – sexual exploitation and assisted dying – are employed to assess what the appropriate legal, ethical and regulatory responses to exploitation should be, to identify common themes regarding the doctor’s behaviour (such as the use of undue influence as a conduit through which to take advantage of and misuse patients), and to illustrate the effects of exploitation on patients. A recurring question addressed is how exploitation in the doctor-patient relationship is and should be dealt with by ethics, regulators and the law, and whether exploitation in this relationship is a special case. The book provides a critical, interdisciplinary evaluation of exploitation in the doctor-patient relationship that will be of interest to health care lawyers, bioethicists, legal academics and practitioners, health care professionals and policymakers.