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Fundamentals of MRI: An Interactive Learning Approach (Series in Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering)
by Elizabeth Berry Andrew J. BulpittFundamentals of MRI: An Interactive Learning Approach explores the physical principles that underpin the technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).After covering background mathematics, physics, and digital imaging, the book presents fundamental physical principles, including magnetization and rotating reference frame. It describes how relaxation mechanisms help predict tissue contrast and how an MR signal is localized to a selected slice through the body. The text then focuses on frequency and phase encoding. It also explores the spin-echo sequence, its scan parameters, and additional imaging sequences, such as inversion recovery and gradient echo.The authors enhance the learning experience with practical materials. Along with questions, exercises, and solutions, they include ten interactive programs on the accompanying downloadable resources. These programs not only allow concepts to be clearly demonstrated and further developed, but also provide an opportunity to engage in the learning process through guided exercises.By providing a solid, hands-on foundation in the physics of MRI, this textbook helps students gain confidence with core concepts before they move on to further study or practical training.
Fundamentals of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Medicine
by Reza Borhani Aggelos K. Katsaggelos Soheila BorhaniThis book provides an accessible introduction to the foundations of machine learning and deep learning in medicine for medical students, researchers, and professionals who are not necessarily initiated in advanced mathematics but yearn for a better understanding of this disruptive technology and its impact on medicine. Once an esoteric subject known to few outside of computer science and engineering departments, today artificial intelligence (AI) is a widely popular technology used by scholars from all across the academic universe. In particular, recent years have seen a great deal of interest in the AI subfields of machine learning and deep learning from researchers in medicine and life sciences, evidenced by the rapid growth in the number of articles published on the topic in peer-reviewed medical journals over the last decade. The demand for high-quality educational resources in this area has never been greater than it is today, and will only continue to grow at a rapid pace. Expert authors remove the veil of unnecessary complexity that often surrounds machine learning and deep learning by employing a narrative style that emphasizes intuition in place of abstract mathematical formalisms, allowing them to strike a delicate balance between practicality and theoretical rigor in service of facilitating the reader’s learning experience. Topics covered in the book include: mathematical encoding of medical data, linear regression and classification, nonlinear feature engineering, deep learning, convolutional and recurrent neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Each chapter ends with a collection of exercises for readers to practice and test their knowledge. This is an ideal introduction for medical students, professionals, and researchers interested in learning more about machine learning and deep learning. Readers who have taken at least one introductory mathematics course at the undergraduate-level (e.g., biostatistics or calculus) will be well-equipped to use this book without needing any additional prerequisites.
Fundamentals of Male Infertility
by Sherman SilberThis book analyzes the basic science and treatment of male factor infertility with Dr. Silber’s characteristic honesty and clear thinking. It describes finally what works and what doesn’t work. It will inspire everyone in reproductive medicine (Gynecologists, Urologists, Embryologists and Endocrinologists) who wish to better understand male infertility.
Fundamentals of Management in Physical Therapy: A Roadmap for Intention and Impact
by Green-Wilson, Jennifer E.Fundamentals of Management in Physical Therapy: A Roadmap for Intention and Impact helps to strengthen the development of transferable management skills and pragmatic business knowledge for physical therapists. This book will help physical therapist students, academic faculty, clinical faculty, adjunct faculty, and clinicians learn how to manage effectively at all levels and in a variety of diverse settings within the profession of physical therapy and within health care teams/organizations. Learners have multiple opportunities to reflect upon and apply practical and relevant information to build fundamental management skills that translate across settings.The book is a resource to help physical therapist assistants – as students and as practitioners – “manage up and across,” and to strengthen their ability to leverage high performing teams and value-based care.
Fundamentals of Maternal Anatomy and Physiology (Fundamentals)
by Ian Peate Claire LeaderFundamentals of Maternal Anatomy and Physiology An introduction to anatomy and physiology specifically tailored to the needs of midwives Existing resources often fall short in addressing the unique needs of midwives, focusing instead on broader healthcare perspectives. This book fulfils the demand for midwifery-specific knowledge in anatomy and physiology, offering a robust yet accessible introduction to key body systems. Fundamentals of Maternal Anatomy and Physiology ensures a thorough understanding of the subject matter with full-colour illustrations, from the intricacies of the placenta to the dynamics of the musculoskeletal and cardiac systems. Supported by the latest research and aligned with professional best practices, this book is an indispensable companion for both aspiring and seasoned midwives. It provides insight and understanding of maternal anatomy and physiology applied to midwifery practice. Suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate midwifery students, as well as midwives returning to practice, this resource is an invaluable asset in advancing anatomical and physiological knowledge within midwifery practice.
Fundamentals of Maternal Pathophysiology (Fundamentals)
by Ian Peate Claire LeaderFundamentals of Maternal Pathophysiology An introduction to pathophysiology specifically tailored to the needs of midwives Professional standards of proficiency require that midwives develop a robust understanding of pathophysiology, the study of disordered physical processes including disease and injury. This dedicated text equips both aspiring and registered midwives with the foundational understanding of pathophysiology required to deliver the best patient care. An understanding of pathophysiology is paramount for the delivery of safe and effective care during the various stages of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum recovery. This understanding provides midwives with the insight to recognise and respond promptly to complications, fostering optimal outcomes for the mother and the newborn. Early recognition is pivotal, allowing for timely interventions that can significantly influence maternal and fetal well-being. A holistic approach to care is the cornerstone of midwifery and an understanding of pathophysiology allows midwives to consider the physical, emotional and social aspects of a woman’s health. This holistic perspective contributes to a more comprehensive and person-centred model of care. This user-friendly introduction is not only a foundational text but also a practical resource for practicing midwives. Informed by the latest research and reflective of current best practices, this book stands as an indispensable tool for this indispensable profession. Tailored for both undergraduate and graduate midwifery students, as well as registered midwives returning to practice, this resource is an invaluable asset in advancing pathophysiological knowledge within midwifery practice.
Fundamentals of Medical Imaging
by Paul SuetensFundamentals of Medical Imaging, Second Edition, provides an invaluable technical introduction to each imaging modality, explaining the mathematical and physical principles of medical imaging and image processing and giving the reader a clear understanding of how they are obtained and interpreted.
Fundamentals of Medical Imaging
by Paul SuetensFundamentals of Medical Imaging, second edition, is an invaluable technical introduction to each imaging modality, explaining the mathematical and physical principles and giving a clear understanding of how images are obtained and interpreted. Individual chapters cover each imaging modality – radiography, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine and ultrasound – reviewing the physics of the signal and its interaction with tissue, the image formation or reconstruction process, a discussion of image quality and equipment, clinical applications and biological effects and safety issues. Subsequent chapters review image analysis and visualization for diagnosis, treatment and surgery. New to this edition: • Appendix of questions and answers • New chapter on 3D image visualization • Advanced mathematical formulae in separate text boxes • Ancillary website containing 3D animations: www. cambridge. org/suetens • Full colour illustrations throughout Engineers, clinicians, mathematicians and physicists will find this an invaluable aid in understanding the physical principles of imaging and their clinical applications.
Fundamentals of Medical Practice Investigation
by Jeffrey D. LaneFundamentals of Medical Practice Investigation fills an important gap in the resources for criminal investigators. Appropriate for novice medical investigators as well as seasoned investigators looking to sharpen their skills, this book unites step-by-step fundamentals with up-to-date research reviews of critical issues in the field, including sexual misconduct, patient abuse, drug use among medical practitioners, and unethical or illegal prescription practices. An essential tool for law enforcement and other criminal justice professionals, Fundamentals of Medical Practice Investigation will improve the quality of all types of medical investigation.
Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management (Gateway to Healthcare Management)
by Stephen WagnerInstructor Resources: Instructor Manual and test bank.Consolidations and mergers have dramatically changed the face of the medical practice. From governance issues to information technology, today’s practice managers face a host of new complexities and competing priorities that demand more robust skills and knowledge than ever before.Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management uniquely addresses the educational needs of the modern practice manager. The author, who studied under quality guru W. Edwards Deming, combines a focus on quality and excellence with an important thesis: that working together and putting people first is the best path to success in healthcare. The author argues that win–lose games and quick-fix solutions have begun to deliver diminished returns in healthcare—not only economically but emotionally and societally. Although the book delves into many practical topics, its aim is to shape the reader’s mind-set for a new era of people-focused practice management.Fundamentals of Medical Practice Management covers these areas and more:• Information technology and management• Regulatory issues, law, and practice management• Strategic planning, project management, and marketing• Third-party payers and revenue cycle• Human resources management• Quality and emergency management This book will appeal to a wide range of learners, including those in organizational programs, undergraduate and master of health administration programs, and practice management certificate programs. Its insights will not only prepare those new to the field but also help current practice managers to retool and refocus.
Fundamentals of Medical Ultrasonics
by Michiel PostemaUltrasonic imaging is an economic, reliable diagnostic technique. Owing to recent therapeutic applications, understanding the physical principles of medical ultrasonics is becoming increasingly important. Covering the basics of elasticity, linear acoustics, wave propagation, nonlinear acoustics, transducer components, ultrasonic imaging modes, basi
Fundamentals of Medical-Surgical Nursing
by Catherine Mccabe Margaret Mccann Anne-Marie BradyFundamentals of Medical-Surgical Nursing: a Systems Approach is a comprehensive yet easy-to-read overview of medical and surgical nursing, designed specifically to support all nursing students learning to care for the adult patient. Highly illustrated and with an easy-to-follow systems-based structure, it provides a thorough foundation in anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, medical management, and nursing care for the full spectrum of adult health conditions.Key features include:Extensive coverage of principles of nursing assessment, medication administration, infection prevention and control, and nutritional careKey need-to-know-information and definitions for the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of a range of illnesses and conditionsDetailed overviews of nursing care, including patient education, treatment, and complicationsAn online resource centre with a range of extras for both lecturers and students, including case studies, reflective activities, interactive multiple choice questions, and further reading listsFundamentals of Medical-Surgical Nursing: a Systems Approach is the ideal textbook to help students succeed on their adult nursing course.It is also available:as a Wiley E-Text, powered by VitalSource: an interactive digital version of the book featuring downloadable text and images, highlighting and note-taking facilities, book-marking, cross-referencing, in-text searching, and linking to references and glossary terms.instantly on CourseSmart at http://www.coursesmart.co.uk/9780470658239. CourseSmart offers extra functionality, as well as an immediate way to review the text. For more details, visit www.coursesmart.com/instructors or www.coursesmart.com/students.
Fundamentals of Medicine for Biomedical Engineering
by Hamid HosseinzadehThis concise book explains the basics of medicine in simple language for biomedical engineering students. The core medical topics covered include terminology, anatomy, histology, and physiology. The book highlights the engineering aspects of basic medicine and conveys the key information biomedical engineers need to know about the human body, avoiding technical medical language. There are many engineering discussions in the book, connecting basic medicine to the key components of biomedical engineering. This is an essential textbook for all biomedical engineering students and students in other engineering disciplines who require medical knowledge.
Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing (Fundamentals)
by Ian PeateEvidence-based introduction to the role of the mental health nurse, covering social, political, psychological, and biological aspects of mental health Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing is an accessible, evidence-based introduction to the role of the mental health nurse, exploring the concepts of mental health and distress, ethics and accountability, key nursing models to be aware of, and the prevalence, predisposing factors, and features of the most commonly occurring mental health problems. This book places mental health conditions and interventions within a wider holistic context, situates recovery at the centre of mental health nursing practice, and links key concepts to mental health across the lifespan. This second edition contains revised content throughout as well as five new chapters on race, ethnicity, and diversity; sexuality, gender, and identity; global challenges for mental health; care planning in mental health; and transition to registration in leadership and resilience. Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing includes: Different ways of defining mental health, and how different definitions can potentially ignore social factors that may influence health, such as povertySocial, political, and psychological factors that impact mental wellbeing and recovery, from cultural inequalities to poor housing, to trauma and cognitive behaviorBiological theory related to mental health, covering brain structure, neurochemistry, medication, and moreToday’s most common mental health problems including anxiety, mood disorders, psychosis, substance misuse, eating disorders, and organic disorders Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing is a comprehensive and easy-to-understand reference on the subject for student nurses enrolled in pre-registration graduate nursing programmes, as well as early career nurses, nurses returning to practice, and healthcare assistants and assistant practitioners.
Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing: An Essential Guide for Nursing and Healthcare Students
by Andrew Clifton Steve Hemingway Anne Felton Gemma StaceyFundamentals of Mental Health Nursing is an accessible evidence-based introduction to the role of the mental health nurse. This comprehensive overview explores concepts of mental health and distress, ethics and accountability, key nursing models to be aware of, and the prevalence, predisposing factors and features of the most commonly occurring mental health problems. KEY FEATURES: Places mental health conditions and interventions within a wider holistic context Situates Recovery at the centre of mental health nursing practice Links key concepts to mental health across the lifespan Contains learning outcomes in each chapter and includes scenarios and vignettes to root concepts in real-life practice Information is placed in a practice context from the outset, making this an essential guide to both the theory and the practice of mental health nursing. It is ideal for students on courses relating to mental health care, as well as for registered nurses and health care practitioners looking to revise their knowledge of key concepts.
Fundamentals of Microfluidics and Lab on a Chip for Biological Analysis and Discovery
by Paul C.H. LiLab-on-a-chip technology permits us to make many important discoveries that can only be observed at the microscale or the nanoscale. Using this technology, biological and biochemical analyses translate into greater sensitivity, more accurate results, and more valuable findings. Authored by one of the field's pioneering researchers, Fundamentals of
Fundamentals of Midwifery
by Louise LewisFundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students makes the subject of midwifery accessible, informative and motivating, ensuring that it is an essential text for the aspiring midwife!This resource brings together knowledge from a collection of clinical experts and experienced academics to support your learning and prepare you for the challenges faced in contemporary midwifery healthcare. It presents you with the 'must-have' information that you need concerning both the theoretical and practical aspects of what it means to be a midwife. With extensive full colour illustrations throughout, as well as activities and scenarios, this user-friendly textbook will support you throughout your entire education programme. Fundamentals of Midwifery is essential reading for all pre-registration student midwives, as well as newly qualified midwives.KEY FEATURES:* Broad and comprehensive in scope, with chapters on: team working; antenatal care, intrapartum and postnatal care; infant feeding; public health and health promotion; perinatal mental health; complementary therapies; pharmacology and medicines management; and emergencies.* Interactive and student-friendly in approach, with activities throughout.* Brings together professional and clinical topics in one user-friendly book.* Ties in with the latest NMC Standards for pre-registration midwifery education.* Supported by an online resource centre featuring interactive multiple-choice questions, additional scenarios and activities, and links to further reading.
Fundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students (Fundamentals)
by Louise LewisFundamentals of Midwifery: A Textbook for Students makes the subject of midwifery accessible, informative and motivating, ensuring that it is an essential text for the aspiring midwife! This resource brings together knowledge from a collection of clinical experts and experienced academics to support your learning and prepare you for the challenges faced in contemporary midwifery healthcare. It presents you with the ‘must-have’ information that you need concerning both the theoretical and practical aspects of what it means to be a midwife. With extensive full colour illustrations throughout, as well as activities and scenarios, this user-friendly textbook will support you throughout your entire education programme. Fundamentals of Midwifery is essential reading for all pre-registration student midwives, as well as newly qualified midwives. KEY FEATURES: • Broad and comprehensive in scope, with chapters on: team working; antenatal care, intrapartum and postnatal care; infant feeding; public health and health promotion; perinatal mental health; complementary therapies; pharmacology and medicines management; and emergencies. • Interactive and student-friendly in approach, with activities throughout. • Brings together professional and clinical topics in one user-friendly book. • Ties in with the latest NMC Standards for pre-registration midwifery education. • Supported by an online resource centre featuring interactive multiple-choice questions, additional scenarios and activities, and links to further reading.
Fundamentals of Molecular Bioengineering
by Luisa Di PaolaThis textbook covers the scientific basics of molecular bioengineering, a new field where technology meets biology and chemistry, and the fundamental knowledge required for students to understand molecular mechanisms beyond biological phenomena. The textbook focuses on the role of proteins in biomolecular machinery, and it is divided into 2 parts: Part I covers the molecular thermodynamics of biological systems, and Part II discusses the computational aspects behind protein structure prediction and molecular dynamics. In the first part of the textbook, students will find comprehensive explanations of thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, which are the basis to understand how molecular properties translate into macroscopic. Part I also offers an introduction to proteins and concepts like intermolecular forces, volumetric properties of fluids, ionization equilibria and salting-out, and protein binding and protein-protein interactions. In the second part of the textbook, students will learn about protein structure prediction and analysis, systems biology and structure-based protein networks, and computational tools and approaches for molecular dynamics simulations and protein binding and protein-protein interactions.This textbook adds to the scholarly debate with a unique contribution, addressing important new areas of biophysical chemistry and molecular biophysics not covered in currently available textbooks. Given its breadth, the textbook is suitable for courses in molecular biophysics, biochemistry, physical chemistry and bioengineering, and will also appeal to researchers and professionals in these fields.Part I of this book is a translation from its Italian original manuscript done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologiesto support the authors.
Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging
by F. A. Davis Lynn N. McKinnisA volume in the Contemporary Perspectives in Rehabilitation Series Edited by Steven L. Wolf, PT, PhD, FAPTA The book that set the standard for the role of correlating imaging findings to clinical findings as part of a comprehensive patient evaluation, more specific treatment plans and better outcomes is back in a New Edition. <p><p>Here’s everything Physical Therapists need to know about medical imaging. This comprehensive guide helps you develop the skills and knowledge you need to accurately interpret imaging studies and understand written reports. Begin with a basic introduction to radiology; then progress to evaluating radiographs and advanced imaging from head to toe. Imaging for commonly seen traumas and pathologies, as well as case studies prepare you to meet the most common to most complex challenges in clinical and practice.
Fundamentals of Nanotechnology
by Gabor L. Hornyak John J. Moore H.F. Tibbals Joydeep DuttaWINNER 2009 CHOICE AWARD OUTSTANDING ACADEMIC TITLE! Nanotechnology is no longer a subdiscipline of chemistry, engineering, or any other field. It represents the convergence of many fields, and therefore demands a new paradigm for teaching. This textbook is for the next generation of nanotechnologists. It surveys the field’s broad landscape, exploring the physical basics such as nanorheology, nanofluidics, and nanomechanics as well as industrial concerns such as manufacturing, reliability, and safety. The authors then explore the vast range of nanomaterials and systematically outline devices and applications in various industrial sectors. This color text is an ideal companion to Introduction to Nanoscience by the same group of esteemed authors. Both titles are also available as the single volume Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Qualifying instructors who purchase either of these volumes (or the combined set) are given online access to a wealth of instructional materials. These include detailed lecture notes, review summaries, slides, exercises, and more. The authors provide enough material for both one- and two-semester courses.
Fundamentals of Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Disorders
by Martin BeckermanThis unique text introduces students and researchers to the world of misfolded proteins, toxic oligomers, and amyloid assemblages, and the diseases of the brain that result. During the past few years the connections between failures in protein quality control and neurological disorders have been reinforced and strengthened by discoveries on multiple fronts. These findings provide novel insights on how amyloidogenic oligomers and fibrils form, interconvert from one state to another, and propagate from cell to cell and region to region. Starting with protein folding and protein quality control basics, the reader will learn how misfolded proteins can cause diseases ranging from prion diseases to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease to Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Authoritative but written in a clear and engaging style, Fundamentals of Neurodegeneration and Protein Misfolding Disorders addresses one of today's forefront areas of science and medicine. The text emphasizes the new groundbreaking biophysical and biochemical methods that enable molecular-level explorations and the conceptual breakthroughs that result. It contains separate chapters on each of the major disease classes. Special emphasis is placed on those factors and themes that are common to the diseases, especially failures in synaptic transmission, mitochondrial control, and axonal transport; breakdowns in RNA processing; the potential role of environmental factors; and the confounding effects of neuroinflammation. The book is ideal for use in teaching at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels, and serves as a comprehensive reference for a broad audience of students and researchers in neuroscience, molecular biology, biological physics and biomedical engineering.
Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease
by Larry E. Davis Sarah Pirio RichardsonThis concise text delivers a basic introduction to neurology and is designed for use by medical students during their rotation in neurology and related disciplines. Updated and expanded, this second edition follows the same order as the first, starting with how to approach a patient with a neurologic problem followed by the latest information on the phenomenology, pathophysiology and symptoms of common adult and pediatric neurologic diseases. Supplementing the learning experience are clinical cases that begin each chapter and videos of examples ranging from how to perform the normal neurologic exam to abnormal exam findings. Easy-to-read and richly illustrated, Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease, 2nd Edition is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to learn the fundamentals of neurology.
Fundamentals of Neuromechanics
by Francisco J. Valero-CuevasThis book provides a conceptual and computational framework to study how the nervous system exploits the anatomical properties of limbs to produce mechanical function. The study of the neural control of limbs has historically emphasized the use of optimization to find solutions to the muscle redundancy problem. That is, how does the nervous system select a specific muscle coordination pattern when the many muscles of a limb allow for multiple solutions? I revisit this problem from the emerging perspective of neuromechanics that emphasizes finding and implementing families of feasible solutions, instead of a single and unique optimal solution. Those families of feasible solutions emerge naturally from the interactions among the feasible neural commands, anatomy of the limb, and constraints of the task. Such alternative perspective to the neural control of limb function is not only biologically plausible, but sheds light on the most central tenets and debates in the fields of neural control, robotics, rehabilitation, and brain-body co-evolutionary adaptations. This perspective developed from courses I taught to engineers and life scientists at Cornell University and the University of Southern California, and is made possible by combining fundamental concepts from mechanics, anatomy, mathematics, robotics and neuroscience with advances in the field of computational geometry. Fundamentals of Neuromechanics is intended for neuroscientists, roboticists, engineers, physicians, evolutionary biologists, athletes, and physical and occupational therapists seeking to advance their understanding of neuromechanics. Therefore, the tone is decidedly pedagogical, engaging, integrative, and practical to make it accessible to people coming from a broad spectrum of disciplines. I attempt to tread the line between making the mathematical exposition accessible to life scientists, and convey the wonder and complexity of neuroscience to engineers and computational scientists. While no one approach can hope to definitively resolve the important questions in these related fields, I hope to provide you with the fundamental background and tools to allow you to contribute to the emerging field of neuromechanics.
Fundamentals of Neurosurgery: A Guide for Clinicians and Medical Students
by Andrei Fernandes Joaquim Enrico Ghizoni Helder Tedeschi Mauro Augusto Tostes FerreiraThe aim of this book is to provide clinicians and medical students with basic knowledge of the most common neurosurgical disorders. There is a vast array of signs and symptoms that every clinician should recognize as neurosurgical affectations, allowing them to identify when to refer the patient to a neurosurgeon. In this text, the editors intend to bridge the gap between clinical medicine and neurosurgery, making neurosurgical practice understandable to a wider medical public. The book provides a smooth transition from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neurological examination to neurosurgery, focusing more on the knowledge underlying neurosurgical practice rather than on surgical technique. The core of the book is composed of chapters discussing each of the most important medical conditions that deserve neurosurgical intervention, providing key information on diagnosis, clinical aspects, disease management, surgical procedures and prognosis. Moreover, complementary discussion of the frontiers and advances in neurosurgery are also covered. In this sense, this book has two main goals and intended audiences. First, and primarily, it is intended for clinicians in a wide array of non-surgical medical specialties (such as general practitioners, neurologists, pediatricians, oncologists and others) aiming to give an overview on important characteristics and initial management of the most prevalent disorders treated by neurosurgeons. Second, and to a lesser degree, it is intended to be used as a practical guide for medical students who are initiating their study in neurosurgical sciences. Fundamentals of Neurosurgery – A Guide for Clinicians and Medical Students intends to be a comprehensive guide for all non-neurosurgeons who want to broaden their knowledge of neurosurgery.