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Infection Control in the Intensive Care Unit
by Antonino Gullo Luciano Silvestri Miguel A. Cal Hendrick K.F. SaeneIntensive care is a rapidly changing area of medicine, and after four years from the 2nd edition the volume editors and authors have deemed necessary to update it. In the recent years, in fact, five new randomised controlled trials and five new meta-analyses demonstrate that selective decontamination of the digestive tract [SDD] is an antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent severe infections of not only lower airways but also of blood. Additionally, SDD has been shown to reduce inflammation including multiple organ failure and mortality. An intriguing observation is the evidence that SDD using parenteral and enteral antimicrobials reduces rather than increases antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, a new chapter on microcirculation had been added. The volume will be an invaluable tool for all those requiring in depth knowledge in the ever expanding field of infection control.
Infection Control: A Psychosocial Approach to Changing Practice
by Paul Elliott Sheila Morgan Professor Mark Wilcox Dr Robert C SpencerPaul Elliott has drawn together a thought-provoking collection of topics that together explain the psychology of infection prevention and control. This is a book about how to change and improve practice, written by people who understand the trade of infection prevention and control. Reflection exercises are cleverly used throughout the text to provoke the reader to think of their own experiences in and their practice of healthcare. The reader is led into considering how improvements can be made to the delivery of infection prevention and control, and at the same time to understand why the way we think ultimately determines the likelihood of their success. Each reflection exercise is accompanied by clear and concise explanations, helping the reader to analyse and critique him/ herself and the way we do things now.
Infection Management for Geriatrics in Long-Term Care Facilities (Infectious Disease and Therapy)
by Thomas T. Yoshikawa Joseph G. OuslanderOffering an authoritative overview of all infection management protocols currently utilized by infectious disease specialists, geriatricians, and infection control practitioners, this Second Edition examines current strategies to diagnose, treat, control, and prevent common infectious diseases in long-term care geriatric facilities. Covering a wide
Infection Management in Hematology (Hematologic Malignancies)
by Oliver A. Cornely Martin HoeniglThis book provides a thorough update on the management of infections in patients with hematologic malignancies, focusing particularly on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Detailed attention is devoted to the central roles that vaccination and anti-infective prophylaxis have gained in improving overall survival in this patient group, in accordance with the principle that prevention is better than cure. Careful consideration is also paid to risk stratification, which is crucial in ensuring that anti-infective prophylaxis is targeted to those at the highest risk. While preventive strategies reduce the prevalence of infections, optimized management strategies are vital to decrease infection-related morbidity and mortality in those who nevertheless develop infections. Here, readers will find in-depth, up-to-date knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections, according to the affected organ and the causative pathogen. Finally, treatment in intensive care units is reviewed. The book will be of high value for hematologists, oncologists, and infection specialists.
Infection Prevention and Control at a Glance
by Debbie Weston Sue Roberts Alison BurgessInfection Prevention and Control at a Glance isthe perfect companion for study and revision for pre-registration nursing and healthcare students, as well as qualified nurses and medical students. Infection prevention and control is one of the key five 'essential skills clusters' that is incorporated into all pre-registration nursing programmes. This highly visual and dynamic book is a thorough resource for nurses wanting to consolidate and expand their knowledge of this important part of nursing. Written by experienced infection prevention and control specialist nurses, it provides a concise and simple approach to a vast and complex subject, and equips the reader with key information in relation to various aspects of infection prevention and control practice. Provides a snap-shot of the application of infection prevention and control in practice and the key infections affecting patients in both acute and primary care A uniquely visual and accessible overview of a topic of relevance to all nursing staff Includes key points for clinical practice, patient management, and signposting of key national guidance documents and websites Available in a wide-range of digital formats - perfect for 'on the go' study and revision
Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings
by Dinah Gould Edward PurssellINFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN HEALTHCARE SETTINGS In Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings, a team of distinguished researchers deliver an accessible and authoritative introduction to infection control and prevention in hospital and community settings. This is a key resource as professionals deal with the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and require the latest and most up-to-date information. Central topics are discussed at the individual and population levels, with direct links to lessons learned throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The book is written from an evidence-based perspective that utilises modern approaches, reflecting current decision-making methods like GRADE and WHO Evidence to Decision Frameworks. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the chain of infection and the main groups of micro-organisms causing infection Comprehensive explorations of the application of evidence-based practice principles to infection prevention and control Practical discussions of immunity, microbiology laboratories, antimicrobial drugs, and policies and protocols for infection prevention and control The role of epidemiology and public health in the prevention and control of infectious disease Perfect for student nurses and students of allied health professions, Infection Prevention and Control in Healthcare Settings will also benefit practitioners and managers in the health services seeking to update their knowledge of infection control and prevention in healthcare settings.
Infection Prevention and Control: A Social Science Perspective
by Paul Elliott Julie Storr Annette JeanesAn understanding of the social sciences within infection prevention and control (IPC) is important for those working in health and social care. This new book, Infection Prevention and Control: A Social Science Perspective positions the specialty of IPC as more than a technical discipline concerned with microbes. It is about people and their behaviour in context and the book therefore explores a number of relevant social sciences and their relationship to IPC across different contexts and cultures. IPC is relevant to every person who works in, and accesses health care and it remains a global challenge. Exploring novel approaches and perspectives that expand our collective horizons in an ever changing and evolving IPC landscape therefore makes sense. Key Features: Offers new perspectives beyond the topic area of infection prevention and control, to push the frontiers of knowledge and to challenge the status quo. Interprofessional in nature and relevant to all those involved in the provision of medicine, health, and social care irrespective of their roles. Truly international in nature in that the chapters have been developed by a range of individuals from across the globe.
Infection Prevention and Control: Perceptions and Perspectives
by Paul Elliott Julie Storr Annette JeanesThis book presents a variety of perceptions of and perspectives on infection prevention and control. In doing this, the chapters will reflect upon challenging and controversial new ways of looking at infection prevention and control aimed at generating both discussion and debate as well as practical solutions. With this in mind, the book will aim not only to challenge the existing status quo but also push the frontiers of knowledge, thinking and practice where infection prevention and control is concerned. This is vital when considered in the light of cross infection rates, the number of healthcare providers who are being identified by the Care Quality Commission as falling below acceptable standards of infection prevention and control and the almost compulsive persistent non-adherent behaviours of those involved in the provision of medicine, health, social care and other disciplines related to caring with regards to the undertaking of safe and appropriate standards of infection prevention and control. There is no doubt that this book will be challenging with regards to the readers' perceptions and perspectives of infection prevention and control. Where this topic is concerned however, such a challenging approach is vital if the health, safety and well being of individuals is to be positively promoted among all those involved in the health and wellbeing of others.
Infection Prevention in Athletes
by Deverick AndersonDerived from protocols developed for the National Football League, Infection Prevention in Athletes outlines best practices and recommendations that are designed to minimize the risk of infections among athletes. This unique resource provides concise, authoritative guidance for athletic training facilities on applying infection prevention practices typically provided in hospitals and outpatient clinics. You’ll find practical tips and real world advice on preventing transmission of bacterial and viral infections in an environment of frequent skin injuries, close proximity of players, and frequent administration of routine medical care.
Infection Prevention in the Intensive Care Setting
by Misti Ellsworth Luis Ostrosky-ZeichnerThe National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) system reports that approximately 1 in every 31 hospitalized patients develop at least one hospital acquired infection (HAI). Deaths associated with these infections are estimated to be up to 99,000 per year. In 2015 alone, there was an estimated 687,000 HAIs linked to the acute care hospital setting. According to the WHO, in high income countries 30% of these infections occur in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Patients in the ICU often have multiple risk factors that increase the risk of developing a HAI. These risk factors include the need for indwelling catheters and other medical devices, patient related factors such as underlying comorbidities, immunosuppression, and the need for recurrent hospitalizations. Nosocomial infections lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop infections in the ICU have double the mortality and morbidity when compared to noninfected patients. In addition to the increased morbidity and mortality, cost of care and length of stay is also significantly higher. Despite widespread adoption of infection prevention practices in the ICU setting, preventable infections still occur daily in ICUs across the country. This book provides a comprehensive review of infection prevention in the ICU setting including new and cutting-edge techniques to prevent HAIs. This book serves as a reference text for physicians, nurses, and quality leadership working in the ICU setting. It discusses the most recent definitions from NHSN for CLABSIs, CAUTIs, and SSIs as well as the current recommendations for preventing device and surgery associated nosocomial infections. In addition, there are chapters on other basic infection prevention practices such as how to identify unit HAI outbreaks. Finally, it addresses unique aspects of infection prevention in special populations such as neonates, pediatric patients and immunocompromised hosts, as well as explore unique infections risks in trauma, surgical and burn units. Written by experts in the field, Infection Prevention in the Intensive Care Setting is a valuable resource for intensive care physicians, infectious disease physicians, intensive care nurses, infection prevention practitioners, pulmonary specialists, residents in internal medicine and pediatrics as well as pediatric and adult infectious disease fellows.
Infection Prevention: New Perspectives and Controversies
by Gonzalo Bearman Daniel J. Morgan Rekha K. Murthy Susy HotaThe first edition of Infection Prevention reviewed evolving areas in infection prevention on topics including contact precautions, technology implementation, specific infections, and care in various settings. It summarized the current data on infection prevention, presents controversies on the various topics, and includes recommendations for patient safety. Addressing hot topics such as MRSA, C. difficile vaccination, mandatory flu vaccines, and CLABSI, this is the only text to include prevention and control overviews across a range of infection issues. Written by experts in the field, this successor edition will update current chapters on the most cutting-edge models of care on emerging and evolving topics in infectious diseases. It will also include new material and chapters on high-level disinfection, diagnostic test stewardship, unique pathogens units, outpatient antibiotic stewardship, outpatient antibiotic therapy, as well as a chapter on infection prevention metrics: how much can we prevent healthcare associated infections and how hard should we try. The second edition of Infection Prevention: New Perspectives and Controversies is a valuable resource for infection prevention professionals, healthcare quality and safety professionals, caring for patients in in- and outpatient settings.
Infection and Cancer: Bi-Directorial Interactions
by Michael R. Shurin Yasmin Thanavala Nahed IsmailThis unique book summarizes current knowledge on co-development of infectious diseases and cancer. It provides an overview of the complex and unique role of the immune system, inflammation, tumor-mediated immunosuppression and infection-induced immunomodulation in cancer and infection progression. Chapters are organized into themed parts, beginning with a look at the historical perspective of human tumor viruses, then aspects and examples of infection-related cancers and cancer-associated infections. The work discusses how cancer- and infection-associated immune responses interact in a bi-directorial fashion and how these interactions may evolve during both disease progression and in response to therapy. The phenomenon of independent development of cancer and infection in the same host, known as comorbid cancer-infection progression, is explored. Understanding the complex pathways involved in the progression of infection and cancer will allow the prevention of the development of certain types of cancer, as well as advancing prophylactic anti-cancer vaccines. Readers of this work will discover innovative approaches for multidisciplinary projects, focusing on the design of original therapeutic modalities for cancer therapy. The book will therefore be particularly valuable to scholars interested in cancer immunology and researchers and clinicians in the field of basic and applied immunobiology and microbiology.
Infection and Immunity (Lifelines Series)
by D H Davies M A Halablab T W Young F. E. Cox J. ClarkeThis concise text explores the interactions between pathogens and the immune system. Taking a disease-based approach, it explains how micro-organisms adapted to growth in human hosts can evade the immune system and cause disease.The opening chapter overviews the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes. Subsequent chapters are specific
Infection in Knee Replacement
by Roland Becker João Espregueira-Mendes Sébastien Lustig Umile Giuseppe Longo Nicolaas C. BudhiparamaThis book provides an in-depth overview of the aetiology, treatment and prevention of infections following knee arthroplasty. It presents up-to-date information on available techniques and salvage procedures for complex patients with infected, total knee arthroplasty.Divided into 5 sections, this book explores biomaterials, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, including preoperative optimisation, in order to reduce knee infections. This book is a valuable reference resource for practicing orthopaedic surgeons, residents, and medical students wishing to understand the fundamental concepts in infectious disease medicine needed in current orthopaedic practice.
Infection, Immune Homeostasis and Immune Privilege
by Joan Stein-StreileinOrgans and tissues that can tolerate little or no inflammation have developed multiple overlapping mechanisms of immune protection in the absence of inflammation. These areas have been designated "immune-privileged sites" by Peter Medawar and include the central nervous system, eye, reproductive tract, testis and possibly the liver. Mechanisms of immune homeostasis found in less immune-regulated organs are often evident in the immune privileged sites and vice versa. It is important that the non-inflammatory mechanisms that contribute to immune privilege allow host defense against infectious organisms. This volume highlights the mechanisms leading to immune privilege in tissues and organs, the deviation of immune responses and the modification of the behavior of the immune cells that manage to cross the blood barriers of tissues, in the context of infection.
Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, Second Edition
by Julius KreierDesigned as an introductory textbook, Infection, Resistance and Immunity provides basic information on the workings of the immunological system and on infectious processes and their control. With sections on immunological disorders, immunization, immunodiagnosis, and epidemiology, it relates immunology to practical problems in medicine. The book includes a section on comparative immunology, introducing students to differences among immunological systems among common species of nonhuman animals. Written for the advanced undergraduate, the focus is on host-parasite interactions—distinguishing this text from other standard texts, which focus on the cellular mechanisms of the immune response.
Infections and Inequalities
by Paul FarmerPaul Farmer has battled AIDS in rural Haiti and deadly strains of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the slums of Peru. A physician-anthropologist with more than fifteen years in the field, Farmer writes from the front lines of the war against these modern plagues and shows why, even more than those of history, they target the poor. This "peculiarly modern inequality" that permeates AIDS, TB, malaria, and typhoid in the modern world, and that feeds emerging (or re-emerging) infectious diseases such as Ebola and cholera, is laid bare in Farmer's harrowing stories of sickness and suffering. Challenging the accepted methodologies of epidemiology and international health, he points out that most current explanatory strategies, from "cost-effectiveness" to patient "noncompliance," inevitably lead to blaming the victims. In reality, larger forces, global as well as local, determine why some people are sick and others are shielded from risk. Yet this moving account is far from a hopeless inventory of insoluble problems. Farmer writes of what can be done in the face of seemingly overwhelming odds, by physicians determined to treat those in need. Infections and Inequalities weds meticulous scholarship with a passion for solutions--remedies for the plagues of the poor and the social maladies that have sustained them.
Infections and Pregnancy
by Sumita Mehta Anshul GroverThis book is a complete guide to the diagnosis and management of any infectious disease which may affect the mother or the fetus during pregnancy. Pregnancy is a unique condition in which the interplay of endocrine and immune influences leads to altered severity and susceptibility to infectious diseases. These infections, in turn, are a substantial cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity.The book discusses the immunologic, clinical and epidemiologic evidence for altered responses during pregnancy. Several infections have unique consequences in pregnancy. Some infections have vertical transmission, and their management focuses on decreasing perinatal transmission. Others can be transmitted transplacentally and cause congenital infection. While still, other common infections like gastroenteritis, UTI, tuberculosis, leprosy or certain dermatological and oral conditions can cause pregnancy complications. This book discusses all such diseases in detail as well as suggests means for early identification and appropriate treatment for them. A separate chapter adequately covers the novel coronavirus infection associated with management challenges in pregnant women. The book includes dedicated sections on postpartum infections and fetal outcomes associated with maternal infections. It reviews strategies to prevent infection in obstetrics that plays a key role in decreasing the global burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. The book is relevant for practicing obstetricians and gynecologists, post-graduate students of obstetrics and gynecology as well as general practitioners, family medicine specialists, primary health care workers and undergraduate medical students.
Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases (The\clinics)
by Luis R. EspinozaThis book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the basic and clinical aspects of infections and infectious processes that trigger or aggravate a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders. It delivers a timely update on the interactions between infection and rheumatic diseases in order to provide clinicians with the tools they need for proper diagnosis and treatment.The book is divided into five main sections. The first examines the basic aspects of bacterial infections with a discussion of molecular biology, the microbiome, various types of bacteria that cause infection, and recent advances in biologic therapy. The next section focuses on different forms of viral arthritis including hepatitis arthritis, arthritis associated with alpha viruses, and parvovirus-related arthritis. Subsequent chapters then discuss arthritis caused by mycobacteria, fungi, spirochete, and other miscellaneous arthritides. Following this are various analyzations on reactive arthritis and infection-related rheumatic diseases such as Whipple’s Disease, SAPHO Syndrome, rheumatic fever, and HIV-associated rheumatic manifestations. Finally, the book closes with three chapters on external impacts on infectious diseases such as climate change, vaccinations and systemic lupus erythematosus.Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases is an essential resource for physicians and related professionals, residents, fellows, graduate students, and nurses in rheumatology, clinical immunology, and internal medicine.
Infections in Cancer Patients
by John N. GreeneOutlining the best means of infection management and emphasizing early recognition and identification of pathogens, this trailblazing volume pinpoints the distinct immunodeficiencies related to specific malignancies that result in predictable opportunistic infections-containing accessible reviews of the latest scientific research, reports from the
Infections in Hematology
by Georg Maschmeyer Kenneth V.I. RolstonInfections are among the most frequent complications in patients with hematological malignancies and in those undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A profound knowledge on the epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities and prophylactic strategies is essential for the clinical management of these complications in patients who are often severely immunocompromised owing to their underlying diseases and in particular, the intensive myelosuppressive chemo and immunotherapy. This textbook provides a clinically oriented, compact and up-to-date overview on infections in hematology patients and their management. The typical pathogens to be considered in different subgroups of patients are identified and further aspects of the microbiological background are explored. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory-based diagnostic techniques are discussed and therapeutic strategies appropriate to different situations are then presented, with due attention to the pitfalls, toxicities and interactions that can arise during antimicrobial treatment. Strategies to prevent infection are also outlined, encompassing antimicrobial prophylaxis, isolation procedures, hospital hygiene, protective immunization and the use of hematopoietic growth factors.
Infections in Neutropenic Cancer Patients
by Ana Paula Velez Jorge Lamarche John N. GreeneAs bone marrow transplant treatments and chemotherapy develop, the population of neutropenic cancer patients is on the rise. These developments are allowing patients to live longer, but in recent years, they have also led to an increase in previously rare infections and syndromes, whose management is unfamiliar to the average healthcare professional. Infections in Neutropenic Cancer Patients is a crucial resource for medical students, residents, practitioners, health professionals, and researchers. It details the clinical presentation, diagnoses, and management of an array of common infections and syndromes specific to neutropenic cancer patients, including real scenarios accompanied by color photos and radiographic results. Chapters include step-by-step tutorials, access to clinical answers on diagnosis and treatment, and a tabulated summary of the key points.
Infections in Pregnancy: An Evidence-Based Approach
by Adel Elkady Prabha Sinha Hassan Soad Ali ZakiVerified by current World Health Organization and country-specific classifications, this comprehensive single volume effectively engages with the diagnosis and management of viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases that affect women in pregnancy. This comprehensive book provides focused, relevant information, on newer viruses causing epidemics, including Dengue, Chikungunya and the Zika virus. With today's ease of world migration, this text covers infections found in both tropical and temperate climates, highlighting newer and rapid diagnostic methods, particularly for resource-poor settings, and clinicians working in remote and diverse locations. Designed for professionals with busy schedules, this guide provides efficient solutions and relevant information regarding investigation, diagnosis and treatment of common maternal infections, worldwide.
Infections in Surgery: Prevention and Management (Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma)
by Raul Coimbra Massimo Sartelli Leonardo Pagani Kemal RasaAlthough most clinicians are aware of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, most also underestimate its significance in their own hospital. The incorrect and inappropriate use of antibiotics and other antimicrobials, as well as poor prevention and poor control of infections, are contributing to the development of such resistance. Appropriate use of antibiotics and compliance with infection prevention and control measures should be integral aspects of good clinical practice and standards of care. However, these activities are often inadequate among clinicians, and there is a considerable gap between the best evidence and actual clinical practice. In hospitals, cultural determinants influence clinical practice, and improving behaviour in terms of infection prevention and antibiotics-prescribing practice remains a challenge. Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices, many clinicians fail to implement them, and evidence-based processes and practices that are known to optimize both the prevention and the treatment of infections tend to be underused. Addressing precisely this problem, this volume offers an essential toolkit for all surgeons and intensivists interested in improving their clinical practices.
Infections in Surgery: Prevention and Management (Updates in Surgery)
by Massimo Sartelli Stefano Bartoli Francesco Cortese Gabriele SgangaInfections in surgery, commonly known as surgical site infections (SSIs), are complications that may occur after a surgical procedure. SSIs represent a serious problem leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, highlighting the need for continued efforts to improve surgical practices and reduce their incidence. Several factors can contribute to the development of SSIs: patient-related factors (such as obesity, advanced age, diabetes, immunosuppression, pre-existing infections etc.); preoperative preparation-related factors (such as incomplete skin antisepsis or failure to administer appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis); microbial contamination (despite sterile techniques, microorganisms can infect the surgical site); surgical procedure-related factors (duration and complexity of the surgeries); postoperative care-related factors (such as inadequate wound care or infection control measures). To prevent SSIs, healthcare facilities implement various strategies, including: optimization of patients’ conditions before surgery; preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis; strict sterile technique; postoperative wound care; surveillance and monitoring to identify and address SSIs early, preventing their spread and complications. Despite the evidence supporting the effectiveness of best practices, many clinicians fail to implement them, and evidence-based practices that optimize both the prevention and treatment of SSIs tend to be underused, highlighting the importance of ongoing research and improvement in surgical techniques and infection control practices. This open access book provides a practical toolkit for surgeons and intensivists to improve their daily clinical practices in order to reduce the risk of SSIs.