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Innate Immune Regulation and Cancer Immunotherapy
by Rong-Fu WangInnate and adaptive immunity play important roles in immunosurveillance and tumor destruction. However, increasing evidence suggests that tumor-infiltrating immune cells may have a dual function: inhibiting or promoting tumor growth and progression. Although regulatory T (Treg) cells induce immune tolerance by suppressing host immune responses against self- or non self-antigens, thus playing critical roles in preventing autoimmune diseases, they might inhibit antitumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Recent studies demonstrate that elevated proportions of Treg cells are present in various types of cancers and suppress antitumor immunity. Furthermore, tumor-specific Treg cells can inhibit immune responses only when they are exposed to antigens presented by tumor cells. Therefore, Treg cells at tumor sites have detrimental effects on immunotherapy directed to cancer.
Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa
by Nava Dayan Philip W. WertzAn in-depth look at cutting-edge research on the body's innate immune systemInnate immunity is the body's first line of protection against potential microbial, viral, and environmental attacks, and the skin and oral mucosa are two of the most powerful barriers that which we rely on to stay well. The definitive book on the subject, Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa: Properties and Impact in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Personal Care Products provides a comprehensive overview of these systems, including coverage of antimicrobial peptides and lipids and microbial challenges and stressors that can influence innate immunity.Designed to help experts and newcomers alike in fields like dermatology, oral pathology, cosmetics, personal care, and pharmaceuticals, the book is filled with suggestions to assist research and development. Looking at the many challenges facing the innate immune system, including the impact of topically applied skin products and medications, Innate Immune System of Skin and Oral Mucosa paves the way for next generation treatment avenues, preventative approaches, and drug development.
Innate Immunity
by Eric Vivier Jonathan EwbankThis volume contains chapters dealing with the isolation and functional characterization of cells involved in innate immunity in mouse and man, including mast cells and eosinophils, and with several chapters focusing on natural killer cells. These approaches and models are being used to dissect the complex interplay between hosts and pathogens, and contribute to developing strategies to help fight infection.
Innate Immunity: Pattern Recognition and Effector Mechanisms (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1476)
by Uday Kishore Andrew J. T GeorgeThis contributed volume follows up and expands upon Target Pattern Recognition in Innate Immunity (2009), providing a much-needed update on an area that has surged to the forefront of medical research in recent years. From the initial idea of pattern recognition on microbial surfaces, innate immunity is now recognized as a key player in human health and disease, by virtue of its ability to regulate adaptive immune responses with important physiological and pathological consequences. This book presents cutting edge research and future perspectives on nearly all aspects of innate immunity. Coverage includes cells of the innate immune system, pattern recognition receptors and effector mechanisms, soluble PRRs and humoral factors, immune response to viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, disease mechanisms, and comparative studies in non-mammalian innate immunity. It is an excellent introduction to the field for students, and state of the art reference for researchers and professionals.
Innate Lymphoid Cells (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1365)
by Xiao-Hong SunThis book aims to systemically summarize the key findings about Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and present the consensus of current views and prospective. ILCs are a class of newly recognized immune cells which play an instructive role in shaping immunity in physiological and pathological conditions. This book discusses the differentiation of ILC, the relation of ILCs with respiratory function, inflammation in the gut, skin disorders, cancer, neurobiology and microbes. The knowledge included in this book is valuable for both basic immunologists and clinicians in understanding the heterogenetic immune responses in disease and health.
Innate Tolerance in the CNS
by John H. Zhang Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon Jeffrey M. GiddayCerebral preconditioning is a phenomenon wherein a mild insult or stress induces cellular and tissue adaptation or tolerance to a later, severe injury, therefore reflecting the efficacy of endogenous mechanisms of cerebrovascular protection. Initially identified for rapid cardiac protection, preconditioning has expanded to all aspects of CNS protection from ischemia, trauma and potentially neurodegeneration. Many different stimuli or stressors have been identified as preconditioning agents, suggesting a downstream convergence of mechanisms and underscoring the potential for translational application of preconditioning in the clinic. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms responsible for preconditioning-induced tolerance will help in the design novel pharmacological approaches for neuroprotection. While stroke and many other brain injuries are not predictable, in some populations (e.g., metabolic syndrome, patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, aneurysm clipping, or with recent TIAs) the risk for stroke is identifiable and significant, and preconditioning may represent a useful strategy for neuroprotection. For unpredictable injuries, post-conditioning the brain - or inducing endogenous protective mechanisms after the initial injury - can also abrogate the extent of injury. Finally, remote pre- and post-conditioning methods have been developed in animals, and are now being tested in clinical trials, wherein a brief, noninjurious stress to a noncerebral tissue (i.e., skeletal muscle) can provide protection to the CNS and thereby allows clinicians the opportunity to circumvent concerns regarding the direct preconditioning of neurological tissues.
Inner Sense: How The New Science of Interoception Can Transform Your Health
by Caroline WilliamsInteroception is one of our most important - and most mysterious - senses. It's how our bodies tell our brains what we're feeling - when we're hungry, when we're cold, how we're feeling in ourselves and how to respond to stress or panic. Little understood until now, unlocking its mechanics could transform mental health and wellbeing science.Caroline Williams is an expert in mind-body science. In Inner Sense, she uncovers a field that's poised to revolutionise health, and explores groundbreaking new techniques that can improve our mental and physical wellbeing. She meets brain scientists mapping the nervous system, neurodivergent researchers working to hone their interoception skills and health practitioners investigating how this inner sense can aid mindfulness, treat eating disorders and help find a sense of calm.Combining science, medicine, mindfulness and physical therapy, Inner Sense is the first book to bring this exciting new field of medicine to a general readership.
Inner War: A German WWII Survivor’s Journey from Pain to Peace
by Gerda RobinsonIt is sometimes difficult to remember that in war there are innocents on all sides who suffer. German citizens who had no connection to the atrocities committed by their countrymen nonetheless endured great hardships because of them. In The Inner War, author Gerda Hartwich Robinson narrates her story as a German survivor of World War II. She tells how her life’s journey included hunger, fear, neglect, and physical and emotional abuse, and how she carried these injustices in her mind and body for many years, leading to debilitating back pain, headaches, panic attacks, depression, and feelings of inadequacy. In this touching memoir, Robinson shows that the tragedies of war don’t end when the last bomb is dropped or the last prisoner freed; they continue in subtle but devastating ways. Like many German citizens during and after the war, Robinson was simply trying to survive a terrifying situation she had nothing to do with. She describes how her spirit was devastated by hopelessness, and how she entertained thoughts of suicide. The Inner War shares lessons she learned at a chronic pain rehabilitation center that allowed her to start on a path to peace and love.
Innere Medizin
by Wolfgang PiperInnere Medizin ist lernbar! Ganz egal ob im klinischen Studienabschnitt oder im PJ - internistische Fragestellungen und Krankheitsbilder werden Ihnen immer und überall begegnen. Spätestens im Examen müssen Sie fit sein in der Inneren Medizin - und der Piper hilft Ihnen dabei. Dieses Lehrbuch beinhaltet die gesamte Innere Medizin in übersichtlichen, gut gegliederten Texten. Hier wird Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge großgeschrieben - denn Verstehen kommt vor dem Pauken. Deshalb werden auch wichtige physiologische und pathophysiologische Grundlagen wiederholt, bevor es zu Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie weitergeht. · Mit allen relevanten Krankheitsbildern · Mehr als 600 Fotos, Zeichnungen und Grafiken · Lerntabellen und Übersichten Der ideale Begleiter während des Studiums und in der täglichen Praxis: Innere Medizin zum schnellen Nachschlagen oder konzentriertem Lesen - so wie man es gerade braucht.
Innervation of the Gastrointestinal Tract
by Marcello Costa Simon BrookesThe long tube that makes up the gastrointestinal tract is composed of a variety of tissue types and is the largest internal organ of the body. Its main function is to digest food and absorb the released nutrients. Furthermore, it is subdivided into functionally distinct regions that each mediate one of a variety of actions upon the food consumed, i
Innocent Secret
by Josie MetcalfeLiving on the edge Dr. Joe Faraday is a man who keeps his heart well hidden. Well, Nurse Vicky Lawrence has a secret, too--her feelings for this tender man contributed to the recent breakdown of her engagement. Vicky knows Joe wants her, but every time she gets close, he withdraws. She senses that some emotional trauma is holding him back, but what? They are living on tenterhooks, and Vicky wonders if anything can ever tip Joe into her arms.... And then her safety is threatened....
Innovating for Healthy Urbanization
by Anita M. Mcgahan Thomas F. Burke Roy AhnThis powerful resource identifies wide-scale health challenges facing a rapidly urbanizing planet--including key concerns in nutrition, health status, health care, and safety--and strategies toward possible solutions. Theoretical and empirical analysis focuses on maximizing the benefits of urban living and minimizing negative outcomes across areas for improvement (health education, maternal and child health) and threats to well-being (noise pollution, drug counterfeiting). For each challenge, contributors discuss implications for health, specific practices that fuel them, and emerging ideas for solving them efficiently and effectively. Not only are these issues of immediate salience, they will become dangerously urgent in years to come. Included in the coverage: Food fortification and other innovations to address child malnutrition. Anti-trafficking innovations, urbanization, and global health. Innovations to address global climate change in cities. Innovations in disaster preparedness: implications for urbanization and health. Medical diagnostic innovations in urban developing settings. The case for comprehensive, integrated, and standardized measures of health in cities. Recent studies suggest that urban areas will be a large majority in both the developing and developed worlds. Innovations to Address Urbanization & Global Health is a proactive idea book to be read by undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in public and urban health.
Innovating for Patient Safety in Medicine: 9780857257659 (Becoming Tomorrow′s Doctors Series)
by Rebecca Lawton Gerry ArmitageThis book helps the next generation of doctors understand how to contribute to making healthcare safer. Patient safety is increasingly important in medical practice today and is becoming a core part of training for medical students and foundation doctors. This book will enable the student or junior doctor to challenge and innovate in practice to improve patient safety and care. It takes a practical approach and explores what patient safety is, why it is important, how to involve patients, the role of education, technology and resources, how to be an innovative practitioner and measuring the impact of patient safety initiatives.
Innovating for the Global South
by Janice Gross Stein Joseph Wong Dilip SomanDespite the vast wealth generated in the last half century, in today's world inequality is worsening and poverty is becoming increasingly chronic. Hundreds of millions of people continue to live on less than $2 per day and lack basic human necessities such as nutritious food, shelter, clean water, primary health care, and education.Innovating for the Global South offers fresh solutions for reducing poverty in the developing world. Highlighting the multidisciplinary expertise of the University of Toronto's Global Innovation Group, leading experts from the fields of engineering, medicine, management, and global public policy examine the causes and consequences of endemic poverty and the challenges of mitigating its effects from the perspective of the world's poorest of the poor.Can we imagine ways to generate solar energy to run essential medical equipment in the countryside? Can we adapt information and communication technologies to provide up-to-the-minute agricultural market prices for remote farming villages? How do we create more inclusive innovation processes to hear the voices of those living in urban slums? Is it possible to reinvent a low-cost toilet that operates beyond the water and electricity grids?Motivated by the imperatives of developing, delivering, and harnessing innovation in the developing world, Innovating for the Global South is essential reading for managers, practitioners, and scholars of development, business, and policy.
Innovating in a Learning Community
by Kai Reimers Xunhua Guo Mingzhi Li Bin Xie Tiantian ZhangHow do firms jointly develop open information infrastructures? To answer this question, this book draws on the results of a longitudinal research project covering the development of the pharmaceutical distribution industry in China from 2004 to 2012, focusing on the emergence and subsequent evolution of industry-wide information infrastructures. How do firms delimit areas of proprietary innovation in open innovation projects? How do firms coordinate, initiate, negotiate and implement the development of innovative infrastructures? How do processes and practices within firms enable and constrain such collective efforts? - This book provides answers to these questions and draws conclusions regarding the challenges and new capabilities that firms will need in a world in which participation in the building of open information infrastructures becomes a necessary task for commercial organizations.
Innovation and Biomedicine
by Mike MichaelWith its focus on the offshore randomized control trials of a Pre-Exposure Prophylactic pill (PrEP) for preventing HIV infection, the volume develops a sustained analysis of the complex, virtual and topological dimensions of the expectations, ethics and evidence that surround the innovation of PrEP.
Innovation and Entrepreneurship within Health Education: International Perspectives on Multidisciplinary Collaboration and Digital Skills (Contemporary Pedagogies of Medical and Health Professions’ Education)
by Jeff WilkesmannRecognizing the growing significance of innovation and entrepreneurship in the field of health education, this novel volume discusses digital skills, collaborative learning and contemporary curricular challenges in order to foster innovative and entrepreneurial mindsets.Against the backdrop of an evolving healthcare system characterized by the delivery of consumer-led, data-driven, targeted healthcare solutions, the chapters in the book spotlight entrepreneurship as a vital component of the New Health Economy and the role of education in supporting entrepreneurship and innovation among medical professionals and trainees. Citing international perspectives on curriculum initiatives in various educational settings, the book presents case studies of health entrepreneurship frameworks, startups and the idea of an entrepreneurial healthcare ecosystem that supports networking, professional development and technological advancement.Supporting the use of entrepreneurship strategies for educational purposes within medical education settings, this book will be of interest to scholars, researchers, faculty and postgraduate students in the fields of health education, curriculum studies, technology in education, medical education and entrepreneurship.
Innovation and Invention In Medical Devices: Workshop Summary
by Kathi E. Hanna Peter Bouxsein Frederick J. Manning Andrew PopeThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Innovation and Marketing in the Pharmaceutical Industry
by Jehoshua Eliashberg Min Ding Stefan StremerschThe pharmaceutical industry is one of today's most dynamic and complex industries, involving commercialization of cutting-edge scientific research, a huge web of stakeholders (from investors to doctors), multi-stage supply chains, fierce competition in the race to market, and a challenging regulatory environment. The stakes are high, with each new product raising the prospect of spectacular success--or failure. Worldwide revenues are approaching $1 trillion; in the U. S. alone, marketing for pharmaceutical products is, itself, a multi-billion dollar industry. In this volume, the editors showcase contributions from experts around the world to capture the state of the art in research, analysis, and practice, and covering the full spectrum of topics relating to innovation and marketing, including R&D, promotion, pricing, branding, competitive strategy, and portfolio management. Chapters include such features as: · An extensive literature review, including coverage of research from fields other than marketing · an overview of how practitioners have addressed the topic · introduction of relevant analytical tools, such as statistics and ethnographic studies · suggestions for further research by scholars and students The result is a comprehensive, state-of-the-art resource that will be of interest to researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, alike.
Innovation and Technology in Sports: Proceedings of the International Conference on Innovation and Technology in Sports, (ICITS) 2022, Malaysia (Lecture Notes in Bioengineering)
by Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan Anwar P. P. Abdul Majeed Syed Faris Syed Omar Alexander Casson Alan GodfreyThis book presents the proceedings of ICITS 2022 covering different tracks in the field of Sports Engineering and Technology, namely, Instrumentation, Materials, Data Analytics, Biomechanics, Simulation, Equipment Design and Performance Analysis, amongst others. This collection of articles deliberates the key challenges as well as technological innovations that facilitate the enhancement of sporting performance. The readers are expected to gain an insightful view on the current trends, issues, mitigating factors, technological innovations as well as proposed solutions.
Innovation in Action
by D. Scott EndsleyIt is now recognized that innovation in healthcare needs to be a primary strategy for dealing with the challenges of pressure from consumers and the effort to control costs.This practical guide describes key issues surrounding innovation, such as the barriers to innovation in healthcare, the opportunities of working across boundaries in open innovation, and the process and tools of exploring the innovation approach.The highly-regarded author follows a five-stage process model that presents a systematic base for understanding, and -- more importantly -- performing innovation work:1. Defining the innovation design challenge2. The process and tools of exploring the innovation3. Generating innovative ideas4. Prototyping and testing innovations5. Creating a diffusion planThis user-friendly guide is ideal for all healthcare professionals and healthcare teams, both in training and in practice.
Innovation in Cataract Surgery
by Marie-José Tassignon Gede PardiantoThis edited book covers the history, basics, principles and fundamentals of cataract surgery, as well as advice on managing challenging cases. It includes various up-to-date information on topics such as phacoemulsification, innovations in phacoemulsification, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, small incision cataract surgery, microscope, intraocular lens, intraocular lens power calculation, ophthalmic viscoelastic device, mass rural cataract surgery, etc. Tips on dealing with complex cases such as small pupils, glaucoma cataracts, cataracts with any retinal problems, cataracts with uveitis, cataracts in paediatric patients, cataracts with any corneal problems and post-refractive surgery, how to combat astigmatism are also discussed. The book includes instructive illustrations, figures and tables to aid the reader's understanding. Innovation in Cataract Surgery is a comprehensive book for ophthalmologists, ophthalmic surgeons, ophthalmic residents, medical students and researchers in the field of ophthalmology. Ophthalmic nurses, optometrists and opticians will also find this book informative. Edited by renowned surgeons and with chapters written by pioneering authors, the book will help readers gain a better understanding of how innovation has shaped current and future cataract surgery.
Innovation in Community-Based Private Practices Through eHealth: A Business Management Perspective (International Series in Advanced Management Studies)
by Nicola CobelliThere are many definitions of eHealth and no consensus around the underlying idea. Most contributions on eHealth focus on informatic, public health, legal, social and anthropological implications. This book investigates eHealth through community-based private practices such as pharmacies, hearing centres, opticians, and private medical centres from a management perspective. It first presents a systematic review of the theoretical research models that have been developed on eHealth. It then identifies the many innovative managerial implications of eHealth, and finally, it analyses reasons why some eHealth tools are or are not adopted.
Innovation in Esophageal Surgery
by Luigi BonavinaAssessment of surgical innovation is complex. This is especially true in esophageal surgery owing to difficulties in interpreting pathophysiology, staging malignant tumors with accuracy, and standardizing and tailoring the available surgical procedures to the individual patient. This book introduces the general and the thoracic surgeon to the latest developments in esophageal surgery; in each chapter the reader will find a concise background analysis of the topic in question and a state of the art review of diagnosis and treatment. The indications for surgery and the rationale for use of an innovative technique or technology are discussed in detail. Challenging and provocative questions and comments by selected panelists complement each chapter, enhancing the quality of information. Innovation in Esophageal Surgery will be highly informative for both the novice and the expert surgeon wishing to enter the arena of esophageal surgery. A multidisciplinary team of experts offers an evidence-based approach and critical analysis: endoscopic, surgical, and hybrid surgical techniques that will soon change the approach to esophageal disease are described in detail.
Innovation in Healthtech: A Roadmap for Empowering Healthcare (Advancing Science and Engineering through Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Mathematical Modeling)
by Rakesh Kumar Meenu GuptaSophisticated data analysis is revolutionizing healthcare decision- making, personalized treatments, and operational efficiency. Innovations in HealthTech covers this impact and highlights the significance of robust security measures in safeguarding sensitive medical data and ensuring patient confidentiality. The book provides insights into the development, implementation, and future potential of telemedicine infrastructure. Explores the role of wearable technology in promoting patient engagement and wellness and addressing the critical issue of data security. Offers practical technical insights that provide a deeper understanding of the real-world applications and challenges in the healthcare technology landscape. Examines the role of telehealth and remote monitoring in healthcare accessibility, and use of artificial intelligence in augmenting clinical decision-making processes. Discusses frameworks and guidelines that enable different health technologies and systems to work together seamlessly, ensuring efficient data exchange and improved patient care. Presents the essential measures and strategies in place to protect sensitive healthcare data, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of information. The text is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, computer engineering, and biomedical engineering.