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Inventing the Thrifty Gene: The Science of Settler Colonialism
by Travis HayThough First Nations communities in Canada have historically lacked access to clean water, affordable food, and equitable health care, they have never lacked access to well-funded scientists seeking to study them. Inventing the Thrifty Gene examines the relationship between science and settler colonialism through the lens of “Aboriginal diabetes” and the thrifty gene hypothesis, which posits that Indigenous peoples are genetically predisposed to type 2 diabetes and obesity due to their alleged hunter-gatherer genes. Hay’s study begins with Charles Darwin’s travels and his observations on the Indigenous peoples he encountered, setting the imperial context for Canadian histories of medicine and colonialism. It continues in the mid-twentieth century with a look at nutritional experimentation during the long career of Percy Moore, the medical director of Indian Affairs (1946–1965). Hay then turns to James Neel’s invention of the thrifty gene hypothesis in 1962 and Robert Hegele’s reinvention and application of the hypothesis to Sandy Lake First Nation in northern Ontario in the 1990s. Finally, Hay demonstrates the way in which settler colonial science was responded to and resisted by Indigenous leadership in Sandy Lake First Nation, who used monies from the thrifty gene study to fund wellness programs in their community. Inventing the Thrifty Gene exposes the exploitative nature of settler science with Indigenous subjects, the flawed scientific theories stemming from faulty assumptions of Indigenous decline and disappearance, as well as the severe inequities in Canadian health care that persist even today.
Invention And The Unconscious (International Library Of Psychology Ser.)
by Joseph-Marie MontmassonThis is Volume X in a series of twenty-one in a collection on Cognitive Psychology. Originally published in 1931, in this book, M. Montmasson is concerned to demonstrate a fact of the first importance, easily overlooked. The fact is this, that human inventions in the widest sense of the word, are products of the unconscious.
Inventory Management for Veterinary Professionals
by Nicole I. ClausenImplement an effective and efficient inventory management system in your veterinary practice using this practical and concrete guidance Inventory Management for Veterinary Professionals provides a thorough introduction to the logistics of effective and efficient veterinary inventory management. Designed for any employee of a veterinary practice, the book covers strategies and tactics for all major aspects of inventory management. It provides veterinary professionals with a practical roadmap for this key business operation, with stories drawing on the author’s experience to provide a real-world perspective. Emphasizing both the ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of developing effective inventory management systems, it’s an indispensable tool for veterinary professionals at every level of practice. Taking a holistic approach to setting up, maintaining, and optimizing an inventory system, the book begins by describing the theory and strategies for inventory management, then discusses how to incorporate this knowledge into practice. Inventory Management for Veterinary Professionals offers: Detailed discussion of topics including the flow of inventory through the practice, forecasting, ordering, troubleshooting, and moreAdvice on how to receive and restock, organize, price, and sell inventoryGuidance on how to set up an inventory action planA chapter on setting and executing inventory management protocols around controlled substancesA companion website with additional tools, resources, and self-assessment questions Inventory Management for Veterinary Professionals is ideal for any veterinary professional, including practice managers, receptionists, assistants, technicians, and practice owners.
Inverse Abdominoplasty
by Kemal Tunc TiryakiWritten by international experts, this book describes different techniques for abdominoplasty. It starts with a functional anatomy description of the abdomen, followed by a brief overview of current techniques. With the help of numerous illustrations and videos, the reader will gain detailed knowledge of how to perform the inverse full abdominoplasty, the inverse mini abdominoplasty (with and without floating umbilicus) and the secondary inverse abdominoplasty. Lastly, ancillary procedures that can be used in conjunction with inverse abdominoplasty are discussed. By also addressing the potential complications of this surgical procedure, the book offers essential guidelines for surgeons dealing with a variety of problems in the surgery of the abdominal area. Although abdominoplasty is one of the oldest procedures in plastic surgery, new approaches like high lateral tension abdominoplasty have refined the technique and its aesthetic outcomes. Still, problems remain like the length of the procedure, difficulties of dissection of long flaps, lack of elasticity in the flaps due to previous surgery, scars at the surgical site, unfavorable aesthetic outcomes, and variable challenges during the postoperative period, like wound healing and pain. Particularly, secondary abdominal surgery remains a technical challenge, from decision to application.
Invertebrate Histology
by Elise E.B. LaDouceurThe first comprehensive reference to invertebrate histology Invertebrate Histology is a groundbreaking text that offers a comprehensive review of histology in invertebrates. Designed for use by anyone studying, diagnosing, or researching invertebrates, the book covers all major taxonomic groups with details of the histologic features, with color photographs and drawings that clearly demonstrate gross anatomy and histology. The authors, who are each experts in the histology of their respective taxa, bring together the most recent information on the topic into a single, complete volume. An accessible resource, each chapter focuses on a single taxonomic group with salient gross and histologic features that are clearly described in the text and augmented with color photographs and greyscale line drawings. The histologic images are from mostly hematoxylin and eosin stained microscopic slides showing various organ systems at high and low magnification. In addition, each chapter provides helpful tips for invertebrate dissection and information on how to process invertebrates for histology. This important book: Presents detailed information on histology of all major groups of invertebrates Offers a user-friendly text that is organized by taxonomic group for easy reference Features high-quality color photographs and drawings, with slides showing histology and gross photographs to demonstrate anatomy Provides details on invertebrate dissection and processing invertebrates for histology Written for veterinary pathologists, biologists, zoologists, students, and other scientists studying these species, Invertebrate Histology offers the most updated information on the topic written by over 20 experts in the field.
Invertebrate Medicine
by Gregory A. LewbartInvertebrate Medicine, Second Edition offers a thorough update to the most comprehensive book on invertebrate husbandry and veterinary care. Including pertinent biological data for invertebrate species, the book’s emphasis is on providing state-of-the-art information on medicine and the clinical condition. Invertebrate Medicine, Second Edition is an invaluable guide to the medical care of both captive and wild invertebrate animals. Coverage includes sponges, jellyfish, anemones, corals, mollusks, starfish, sea urchins, crabs, crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, hermit crabs, spiders, scorpions, and many more, with chapters organized by taxonomy. New chapters provide information on reef systems, honeybees, butterfly houses, conservation, welfare, and sources of invertebrates and supplies. Invertebrate Medicine, Second Edition is an essential resource for veterinarians in zoo animal, exotic animal and laboratory animal medicine; public and private aquarists; and aquaculturists.
Invertebrate Medicine
by Gregory A. LewbartPresented in full color for the first time, Invertebrate Medicine is the definitive resource on husbandry and veterinary medicine in invertebrate species. Presenting authoritative information applicable to both in-human care and wild invertebrates, this comprehensive volume addresses the medical care and clinical condition of most important invertebrate species—providing biological data for sponges, jellyfish, anemones, snails, sea hares, corals, cuttlefish, squid, octopuses, clams, oysters, crabs, crayfish, lobsters, shrimp, hermit crabs, spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, honey bees, butterflies, beetles, sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, various worms, and many other invertebrate groups. The extensively revised third edition contains new information and knowledge throughout, offering timely coverage of significant advances in invertebrate anesthesia, analgesia, diagnostic imaging, surgery, and welfare. New and updated chapters incorporate recent publications on species including crustaceans, jellyfishes, corals, honeybees, and a state-of-the-science formulary. In this edition, the authors also discuss a range of topics relevant to invertebrate caretaking including conservation, laws and regulations, euthanasia, diagnostic techniques, and sample handling. Edited by a leading veterinarian and expert in the field, Invertebrate Medicine, Third Edition: Provides a comprehensive reference to all aspects of invertebrate medicine Offers approximately 200 new pages of expanded content Features more than 400 full color images and new contributions from leading veterinarians and specialists for each taxon Includes updated chapters of reportable diseases, neoplasia, sources of invertebrates and supplies, and a comprehensive formulary The standard reference text in the field, Invertebrate Medicine, Third Editionis essential reading for practicing veterinarians, veterinary students, advanced hobbyists, aquarists and aquaculturists, and professional animal caretakers in zoo animal, exotic animal, and laboratory animal medicine.
Invertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach
by Rob DeSalle Bernd SchierwaterInvertebrate Zoology: A Tree of Life Approach is a comprehensive and authoritative textbook adopting an explicitly phylogenetic organization. Most of the classical anatomical and morphological work has not been changed – it established the foundation of Invertebrate Zoology. With the explosion of Next-Generation Sequencing approaches, there has been a sea-change in the recognized phylogenetic relationships among and between invertebrate lineages. In addition, the merger of evolutionary and developmental biology (evo-devo) has dramatically contributed to changes in the understanding of invertebrate biology. Synthesizing these three approaches (classical morphology, sequencing data, and evo-devo studies) offers students an entirely unique perspective of invertebrate diversity. Key Features One of the first textbooks to combine classical morphological approaches and newer evo-devo and Next-Generation Sequencing approaches to address Invertebrate Zoology Organized along taxonomic lines in accord with the latest understanding of invertebrate phylogeny Will provide background in basic systematic analysis useful within any study of biodiversity A wealth of ancillary materials for students and teachers, including downloadable figures, lecture slides, web links, and phylogenetic data matrices
Investable!: When Pandemic Risk Meets Speculative Finance
by Susan EriksonA critical and sobering look at how international bankers and investors turn pandemics into investment opportunities, and what we stand to lose when we rely on &“innovative finance.&”In a world increasingly defined by crisis, bankers and investors behind the scenes turn catastrophes like pandemics into financial securities that can be bought and sold. Offering new insights into how the excesses of capitalism shape pandemic preparedness, Investable! is an ethnography of World Bank bonds designed to solve a big-ticket global health problem by getting international investors to gamble on future crises. In this first book-length treatment of pandemic bonds, award-winning medical anthropologist Susan Erikson explains how we got here and asks who should hold the responsibility for the terrible things that happen to people, at a time when pandemics are turned into casinos.Erikson, who traveled over 300,000 miles conducting research for the book, takes readers from the red clay roads of West Africa to the concrete sidewalks of New York City and London&’s financial districts, telling the stories of the people, the special interests, and the logics of pandemic bonds. Original, insightful, and extremely timely, Erikson's lively interdisciplinary exploration tells readers in powerful, vibrant prose about the pitfalls of contemporary global health finance &“solutions.&” Written for a smart general audience concerned about capitalism&’s effect on human health, Investable! will appeal to financiers; politicians; economists; people working in global development, health care, and international affairs; and anyone who wants to better understand how capitalism affects how we care for one another in times of crisis.
Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes: A Field Guide
by Virginia M. Maxwell Martha Smith-BlackmoreAnimal abuse is well established as a gateway crime linked to other forms of antisocial behaviors and broader criminal violence. Increased awareness of the link between animal abuse and criminal behavior has led many states to mandate cross-reporting between agencies overseeing the welfare of families and of animals. Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes: A Field Guide is designed for first responders—such as animal control officers and police officers—as well as forensic scientists and other criminal justice professionals who are tasked with processing and analyzing animal crime scenes and evidence. The book serves equally as a useful resource for those in the field and laboratory, in addition to those professionals who are further along in the investigative and judicial process. The book addresses the key areas that must be considered in a thorough investigation of an animal abuse crime. This starts with general crime scene procedures that include securing and releasing the scene, search and seizure issues, chain of custody, documentation, searching for evidence and the use of enhancement technologies. While many readers may already be familiar with such concepts, they are addressed in the context of unique factors relating to animals and animal abuse cases. The book then addresses the recognition, collection and preservation of different types of evidence that may be located at animal abuse scenes, with examples of the most important evidence for specific case types. The critical role of the veterinarian, and the key aspects of veterinary forensic medicine, receives in-depth consideration. This includes issues such as examining animal victims of crime; determining cause of injury or death through the forensic clinical exam or necropsy; and techniques for evidence documentation, collection, and preservation. The physical and emotional abuse of animals is outlined throughout a series of chapters focused on specific types of animal abuse. Finally, report writing and testimony, from the perspectives of both the crime scene investigator and forensic veterinarian, are addressed. Further, three appendices provide useful checklists and templates for all animal abuse crime scene responders and veterinarians. Investigating Animal Abuse Crime Scenes fills the growing need for a handy, comprehensive field reference that specifically focuses on the crime scene processing, investigation, analysis of evidence, and the subsequent adjudication of animal abuse cases within the court system.
Investigating Cholera in Broad Street: A History In Documents (Broadview Sources Series)
by Peter Vinten-JohansenThis book features various accounts of a cholera outbreak in West London that killed over 500 people in ten days during the late summer of 1854. What had caused the outbreak? Local authorities of the time were flummoxed about the mode by which the disease had spread. What has become known as “the Broad Street pump episode” is one of the most significant early examples of a team-oriented investigation into the causes of an epidemic―a hallmark of epidemiology and public health today.
Investigating Infant Deaths
by Bobbi Jo O'NealMany forensic pathologists and death investigators would agree that infant deaths have historically been poorly investigated. Investigating Infant Deaths provides an in-depth guide featuring 40 case examples that illustrates real-life scenarios in which techniques are put into action. It explains techniques for interviewing grieving parents, how to perform an initial post-mortem exam, what to look for at the incident scene, and the goals of state and local child fatality teams. It also presents suggestions for using doll re-enactments to interview surviving caregivers and witnesses as well as 44 pictures of scenes and unsafe environments.
Investigating Prayer
by Ian OlverThis book relates the experience of researching, planning, and conducting a scientific study into intercessory prayer (prayer for others). The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether the impact of prayer could be measured in a formal study, based on the large number of anecdotal reports of efficacy. The study was a prospectively randomized double-blind trial that added prayer by an established Christian prayer group to conventional therapy for cancer. The unique design feature was that the primary endpoint was a change in a validated scale of spiritual well-being. The patients were informed that they were participating in a study about spiritual well-being and quality of life but remained blinded to the intervention. The initial observation from the baseline data was that spiritual well-being made a unique contribution to quality of life. The final outcome of the study was that there was a statistically significant difference in spiritual well-being favoring the prayer group. The background includes a fascinating review of the medical literature on the topic, which contains positive and negative studies that each attracts a vigorous debate about methodology, endpoints, and whether metaphysical phenomena can or should be studied using scientific methodology. The complementary and alternative medicine literature is also equivocal as to whether prayer, arguably the most common complementary medical therapy, should be included in the range of interventions grouped under that heading. In addition to reporting the background and results of the study, the book explores the reactions of a range of individuals to the trial, all of which help reflect on the nature of prayer.
Investigating Sexual Assault Cases
by Arthur S. ChancellorInvestigating Sexual Assault Cases, Second Edition serves as an essential textbook for courses in investigating rape and sexual assault. As with the first edition, this second edition includes the latest research and techniques in coverage of victimology, offender typology, investigative techniques, interviewing, and legal implications. This new, second edition includes chapters on child victims and molestation, sexual homicides as potentially staged events, grooming, interviewing techniques, and same-sex, elder, and special populations as victims of sexual assault. The book fills a current void in the body of literature on the topics of rape and sex crime investigation. Many previous writings, while informative, do not address all the investigative processes necessary for an investigation to be thorough and complete. By providing a fresh approach to the topic, the author aims to augment those writings and, ultimately, improving the reader’ awareness by being much more attuned to the needs of—and taking investigative cures from—the victim. Key Features: Outlines the complete investigative process for sexual assault cases, from evidence collection and interviews to court and legal proceedings Addresses victims and victimology, offender typology, the importance of the investigative interviewing process, and working with attorneys Includes new chapters on grooming, sexual homicides, SAFE examinations, and child-specific interviewing techniques Added coverage looks at same-sex crimes, crimes against men, elder victims, and assault of vulnerable populations In addition to being used in coursework in Forensic Science and Criminal justice programs, Investigating Sexual Assault Cases, Second Edition will serve as an essential reference for police detectives, criminal and death investigators, legal professionals, sexual assault nurses, and those who provide health, and mental health, services to populations experiencing sexual assault.
Investigating and Managing Common Cardiovascular Conditions
by Juan Carlos Kaski Michael Papadakis Hariharan RajuThe aim of the book is to serve as a practical guide for junior doctors, primary care physicians and cardiology trainees. This book is a quick reference in everyday clinical practice and also as reminder of the necessary clinical steps for diagnosis, referral and management. Cardiovascular conditions have been described that clinicians are likely to encounter on a regular basis in their practice. Chapters have been written by trainees under the supervision of a senior author with expertise in that particular area, thus addressing most everyday practical diagnostic and management issues and the potential questions that a non-specialist or junior doctor may have. The handbook is practical in nature and its chapters incorporate practical subheadings such as "Must do's" and "Red flags", placing the emphasis on therapeutics and pharmacological treatment. The inclusion of flowcharts, diagrams and images are a feature allowing easy understanding of key learning objectives.
Investigating the Body in the Victorian Asylum
by Jennifer WallisThis book is open access under a CC BY 4. 0 license. This book explores how the body was investigated in the late nineteenth-century asylum in Britain. As more and more Victorian asylum doctors looked to the bodily fabric to reveal the 'truth' of mental disease, a whole host of techniques and technologies were brought to bear upon the patient's body. These practices encompassed the clinical and the pathological, from testing the patient's reflexes to dissecting the brain. Investigating the Body in the Victorian Asylum takes a unique approach to the topic, conducting a chapter-by-chapter dissection of the body. It considers how asylum doctors viewed and investigated the skin, muscles, bones, brain, and bodily fluids. The book demonstrates the importance of the body in nineteenth-century psychiatry as well as how the asylum functioned as a site of research, and will be of value to historians of psychiatry, the body, and scientific practice.
Investigating the Supernatural: From Spiritism and Occultism to Psychical Research and Metapsychics in France, 1853–1931
by Sofie LachapelleSéances were wildly popular in France between 1850 and 1930, when members of the general public and scholars alike turned to the wondrous as a means of understanding and explaining the world. Sofie Lachapelle explores how five distinct groups attempted to use and legitimize séances: spiritists, who tried to create a new "science" concerned with the spiritual realm and the afterlife; occultists, who hoped to connect ancient revelations with contemporary science; physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists, who developed a pathology of supernatural experiences; psychical researchers, who drew on the unexplained experiences of the public to create a new field of research; and metapsychists, who attempted to develop a new science of yet-to-be understood natural forces. Lachapelle examines the practices, aims, and level of success of these five disciplines, paying special attention to how they interacted with each other and with the world of mainstream science. Their practitioners regarded mystical phenomena worthy of serious study; most devotees—with notable exceptions of physicians, psychiatrists, and psychologists—also meant to challenge conventional science in general and French science in particular. Through these stories, Lachapelle illuminates the lively relationship between science and the supernatural in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century France and relates why this relationship ultimately led to the marginalization of psychical research and metapsychics.An enlightening and entertaining narrative that includes colorful people like "Allan Kardec"—a pseudonymous former mathematics teacher from Lyon who wrote successful works on the science of the séance and what happened after death—Investigating the Supernatural reveals the rich and vibrant diversity of unorthodox beliefs and practices that existed at the borders of the French scientific culture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Investigation and Prevention of Officer-Involved Deaths
by Cyril H. Wecht Henry C. Lee D.P. van Blaricom Mel TuckerEach year, too many law enforcement officers die in the line of duty and too many people are killed by the police. Yet, can any of these deaths be avoided? To answer this we must investigate the nature and causes of these deaths in an unbiased and objective manner to highlight and expose weaknesses in policy that can be amended through more rigorou
Investigation of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (Diagnostic Pediatric Pathology)
by Marta C. Cohen Irene B. Scheimberg J. Bruce Beckwith Fern R. HauckSudden unexpected infant death, including sudden infant death syndrome, is the leading cause of death in infants one month to one year of age, in the developed world. A thorough investigation is crucial for accurate diagnosis. As part of the Diagnostic Pediatric Pathology Series, this book provides a detailed guide to various diagnoses and strong frameworks across continents, for strong support in conducting a multi-professional approach to the physiopathological mechanisms behind SIDS. Offering sensitive consideration for parents in mourning, this book rigorously explores current standards of police investigation and post-mortem, incorporating all aspects of the investigation, including the home visit, medical history and autopsy findings. Written by multidisciplinary experts, this vital guide uses clear reference tables and diagrams to present cutting-edge knowledge for use by paediatric and general pathologists, paediatricians, medico-legal practitioners, and all involved in the investigation of sudden infant death.
Investigations of Early Nutrition Effects on Long-Term Health
by Paul C. GuestThis volume contains several reviews in the field as well as the step-by-step use of targeted and global approaches within the areas of genomics, epigenetics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics which aim to address this dilemma and to help pinpoint new treatment strategies. Chapters detail the generation of several models and methods for assessing health and provide researchers potential approaches for reversing or minimizing effects of disease. In addition, important information on disease mechanisms is provided, as each method is described in the context of a specific disease or therapeutic area. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Investigations of Early Nutrition Effects on Long-Term Health: Methods and Applications aim is to provide insights into the latest ideas and technologies . enabling progress in this field.
Investigative Immunotoxicology
by Helen Tryphonas Michel Fournier Barry R. Blakley Judit E. G. Smits Pauline BrousseauInvestigative Immunotoxicology provides a critical evaluation of proposed experimental animal models and approaches, and discusses the contribution that immunotoxicity can make to the overall assessment of chemical-induced adverse health effects on humans and the ecosystem. Following a review of general concepts in immunotoxicology, the book discus
Investigative Pathology of Odontogenic Cysts (Routledge Revivals)
by Roger M. BrowneFirst published in 1991. Investigative Pathology of Odontogenic Cysts presents a unique and succinct review of the pathology of odontogenic cysts. The book emphasizes investigative pathology of odontogenic cysts and uses numerous illustrations and tables to reinforce and summarize discussions presented in the text. The book's most important aspect is its attempt to bring together new information regarding odontogenesis and the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts. Oral biologists and pathologists working with dental tissues will find this book an important reference resource.
Investigative Rhinology
by Glenis K. Scadding Valerie J LundThe most common immunological disorder in humans, rhinitis has a marked effect on quality of life and significant co-morbid associations, including asthma. Successfully diagnosing and treating nasal disorders is often problematic, yet is a necessary skill not only for ENT surgeons, but also for chest physicians, allergists, paediatricians and gener
Investigative and Forensic Interviewing: A Personality-focused Approach
by Philip Erdberg Craig N. Ackley Shannon M. Mack Kristen BeyerInvestigative and Forensic Interviewing: A Personality-Focused Approach looks at the personality styles most commonly encountered in the criminal justice system and demonstrates how to use this insight to plan and conduct a productive interview. The book includes chapters on narcissistic, antisocial, psychopathic, borderline, inadequate/immature, p
Investing in Global Health Systems: Sustaining Gains, Transforming Lives
by Gillian J. BuckleyThe United States has been a generous sponsor of global health programs for the past 25 years or more. This investment has contributed to meaningful changes, especially for women and children, who suffer the brunt of the world's disease and disability. Development experts have long debated the relative merits of vertical health programming, targeted to a specific service or patient group, and horizontal programming, supporting more comprehensive care. The U. S. government has invested heavily in vertical programs, most notably through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), its flagship initiative for HIV and AIDS. PEPFAR and programs like it have met with good success. Protecting these successes and continuing progress in the future depends on the judicious integration of vertical programs with local health systems. A strong health system is the best insurance developing countries can have against a disease burden that is shifting rapidly and in ways that history has not prepared us for. Reaching the poor with development assistance is an increasingly complicated task. The majority of the roughly 1 billion people living in dire poverty are in middle-income countries, where foreign assistance is not necessarily needed or welcome. Many of the rest live in fragile states, where political volatility and weak infrastructure make it difficult to use aid effectively. The poorest people in the world are also the sickest; they are most exposed to disease vectors and infection. Nevertheless, they are less likely to access health services. Improving their lot means removing the systemic barriers that keep the most vulnerable people from gaining such access. "Investing in Global Health Systems" discusses the past and future of global health. First, the report gives context by laying out broad trends in global health. Next, it discusses the timeliness of American investment in health systems abroad and explains how functional health systems support health, encourage prosperity, and advance global security. Lastly, it lays out, in broad terms, an effective donor strategy for health, suggesting directions for both the manner and substance of foreign aid given. The challenge of the future of aid programming is to sustain the successes of the past 25 years, while reducing dependence on foreign aid. "Investing in Global Health Systems" aims to help government decision makers assess the rapidly changing social and economic situation in developing countries and its implications for effective development assistance. This report explains how health systems improvements can lead to better health, reduce poverty, and make donor investment in health sustainable.