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Introduction to Robotics in Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery
by R. Shane Tubbs Mohammed Maan Al-Salihi Ali Ayyad Tetsuya Goto Mohammad MaaroufThis book presents a basic introduction of the role of robotics in neurological surgery in a systematic organized manner. The work provides thorough explanations of the history, types, uses, application, current practice, and future directions of robotics in each division of the field of neurosurgery. The book is written in clear understandable language, making it suitable for medical students, interns, residents, specialists, consultants, and professors.
Introduction to SNOMED CT
by S. B. BhattacharyyaAs a general introduction to the SNOMED CT clinical terminology code system, the book explains in simple terms a wealth of key aspects, including the fundamentals of SNOMED CT, the various ways in which it can be used, and the methods by which it may quickly be deployed for use within an electronic documentation system that deals with clinical and clinics-related data. Further considerations include how end users can employ the system, how healthcare IT designers and developers can build highly ergonomic systems, and how health informatics experts and clinical analysts can successfully harness the various features that the clinical terminology code system provides in order to unleash the hidden potentials of clinical data. The book brings together material from various sources, presenting it in an easy-to-follow manner and supplemented by analyses of a number of different (imaginary) scenarios including case summaries from the author's experience and knowledge. The book will greatly benefit all stakeholders involved: clinicians, nurses, paramedics, dentists, public health professionals, health informatics professionals and healthcare IT engineers involved in the design and development of information systems for healthcare. Students at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels seeking a practical introduction to SNOMED CT will find this book to be a valuable guide.
Introduction to Smart eHealth and eCare Technologies (Devices, Circuits, and Systems #63)
by Sari Merilampi Andrew SirkkaBoth the demographics and lack of resources in the health and well-being industry are increasingly forcing us to find alternative solutions for individualized health and social care. In an effort to address this issue, smart technologies present enormous potential in solving this challenge. This book strives to enhance communication and collaboration between technology and health and social care sectors. The reader will receive an extensive overview of the possibilities of various technologies in care sectors (including ICT, electronics, automation, and sensor technology) written by experts from various countries. <P><P>It will prove extremely useful for engineers developing well-being related systems, software, or other devices that can be used by professionals working with people with specialist needs, well-being and health service providers, educators teaching related courses, and upper level undergraduate students and graduate student studying related topics. The technology focus of the book is widespread and addresses elderly care and hospitals, in addition to solutions for various user groups, devices, and technologies. Beyond serving as a resource for nurses and people working in care sector, the book is also meant to give guidelines for engineers developing person-centered systems by exploring the integration of these technologies into service systems.
Introduction to Social Cognition: The Essential Questions and Ideas
by Gordon B. MoskowitzWhy are first impressions so powerful? How do we &“know&” what others are like when we cannot read their minds? How can scientists measure biases that people do not want to admit--or do not know they have? This engaging text delves into social cognition by exploring major questions in the field through an everyday lens. Students are introduced to core concepts and processes pertaining to how people come to know themselves and understand the behavior of others. Classic and contemporary findings and experimental methods are explained. The text connects the research to pressing contemporary problems--the roots of political polarization, why even rational people fall prey to misinformation, and the best ways to reduce prejudice. Boxed definitions of key terms are included throughout.
Introduction to Social Neuroscience
by John T. Cacioppo Stephanie CacioppoA textbook that lays down the foundational principles for understanding social neuroscienceHumans, like many other animals, are a highly social species. But how do our biological systems implement social behaviors, and how do these processes shape the brain and biology? Spanning multiple disciplines, Introduction to Social Neuroscience seeks to engage students and scholars alike in exploring the effects of the brain’s perceived connections with others. This wide-ranging textbook provides a quintessential foundation for comprehending the psychological, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genomic mechanisms underlying such varied social processes as loneliness, empathy, theory-of-mind, trust, and cooperation.Stephanie and John Cacioppo posit that our brain is our main social organ. They show how the same objective relationship can be perceived as friendly or threatening depending on the mental states of the individuals involved in that relationship. They present exercises and evidence-based findings readers can put into practice to better understand the neural roots of the social brain and the cognitive and health implications of a dysfunctional social brain. This textbook’s distinctive features include the integration of human and animal studies, clinical cases from medicine, multilevel analyses of topics from genes to societies, and a variety of methodologies.Unveiling new facets to the study of the social brain’s anatomy and function, Introduction to Social Neuroscience widens the scientific lens on human interaction in society.The first textbook on social neuroscience intended for advanced undergraduates and graduate studentsChapters address the psychological, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genomic mechanisms underlying the brain’s perceived connections with othersMaterials integrate human and animal studies, clinical cases, multilevel analyses, and multiple disciplines
Introduction to Sociology Through Comedy
by Julie MorrisQuestioning society and one’s place in it is a common theme in both comedy and sociology. Understanding and subverting hierarchies and norms, exploring deviance and taboos, and relating lived experience to broader questions all hold a crucial place for them both.Introduction to Sociology Through Comedy teaches foundational sociological concepts using comedy, first considering the history of sociology before employing examples from comedians – including standalone comedy bits, sketches, characters, and scenes – to illustrate a specific theory, concept, or social phenomenon. The profession of comedy is then used as a case study for the application of sociological concepts, such as impression management, social stratification, racial segregation, deviance, and stigma, allowing readers to gain familiarity with the concepts while simultaneously practicing their application.This book explains why we laugh by applying theories of humor, which will bolster students’ understanding of sociological principles by forcing them to question their own assumptions – helping them to put why they laugh into sociological terms.
Introduction to Software for Chemical Engineers
by Mariano Martín MartínThe field of chemical engineering and its link to computer science is in constant evolution, and engineers have an ever-growing variety of tools at their disposal to tackle everyday problems. Introduction to Software for Chemical Engineers, Third Edition provides a quick guide to the use of various computer packages for chemical engineering applications. It covers a range of software applications, including Excel and general mathematical packages such as MATLAB®, MathCAD, R, and Python. Coverage also extends to process simulators such as CHEMCAD, HYSYS, and Aspen; equation-based modeling languages such as gPROMS; optimization software such as GAMS, AIMS, and Julia; and specialized software like CFD or DEM codes. The different packages are introduced and applied to solve typical problems in fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, mass and energy balances, unit operations, reactor engineering, and process and equipment design and control.This new edition is updated throughout to reflect software updates and new packages. It emphasizes the addition of SimaPro due to the importance of life cycle assessment, as well as general statistics software, SPSS, and Minitab that readers can use to analyze lab data. The book also includes new chapters on flowsheeting drawing, process control, and LOOP Pro, as well as updates to include Pyomo as an optimization platform, reflecting current trends. The text offers a global idea of the capabilities of the software used in the chemical engineering field and provides examples for solving real-world problems.Written by leading experts, this handbook is a must-have reference for chemical engineers looking to grow in their careers through the use of new and improving computer software. Its user-friendly approach to simulation and optimization, as well as its example-based presentation of the software, makes it a perfect teaching tool for both undergraduate- and graduate-level readers.
Introduction to Software for Chemical Engineers, Second Edition
by Mariano Martín MartínThe field of Chemical Engineering and its link to computer science is in constant evolution and new engineers have a variety of tools at their disposal to tackle their everyday problems. Introduction to Software for Chemical Engineers, Second Edition provides a quick guide to the use of various computer packages for chemical engineering applications. It covers a range of software applications from Excel and general mathematical packages such as MATLAB and MathCAD to process simulators, CHEMCAD and ASPEN, equation-based modeling languages, gProms, optimization software such as GAMS and AIMS, and specialized software like CFD or DEM codes. The different packages are introduced and applied to solve typical problems in fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, mass and energy balances, unit operations, reactor engineering, process and equipment design and control. This new edition offers a wider view of packages including open source software such as R, Python and Julia. It also includes complete examples in ASPEN Plus, adds ANSYS Fluent to CFD codes, Lingo to the optimization packages, and discusses Engineering Equation Solver. It offers a global idea of the capabilities of the software used in the chemical engineering field and provides examples for solving real-world problems. Written by leading experts, this book is a must-have reference for chemical engineers looking to grow in their careers through the use of new and improving computer software. Its user-friendly approach to simulation and optimization as well as its example-based presentation of the software, makes it a perfect teaching tool for both undergraduate and master levels.
Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care
by Steven M. PennyMaster the sonography content and skills you need to prepare for, and succeed in, your specialized career! Introduction to Sonography and Patient Care, 2nd Edition, provides essential information and real-world applicable content, bridging the gap between didactic and clinical training. An easy-to-understand writing style and logically organized format take you step by step through each aspect of this dynamic, rewarding, and continually evolving imaging specialty.
Introduction to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training
by Robert C. FranceIntroduction to Sports Medicine & Athletic Training is a book written for individuals interested in athletics and the medical needs of athletes. This book is unique in that it covers four distinct disciplines in an easy to understand format. The four disciplines covered include: Sports Medicine, Athletic Training, Anatomy, and Physiology. This all-in-one resource allows the individual to grasp the concepts of anatomy and physiology, and then apply them to Sports Medicine and Athletic Training. Each discipline is fully presented, and uniquely sequenced together to give the user a full understanding of this exciting field. There are comprehensive chapters on nutrition and sports psychology. Instructors will enjoy the depth of the material covered and the ease in which it is presented. Introduction to Sports Medicine & Athletic Training is the first full-concept book ever written that an entire course can be created around.
Introduction to Statistical Data Analysis for the Life Sciences
by Claus Thorn Ekstrom Helle SørensenA Hands-On Approach to Teaching Introductory StatisticsExpanded with over 100 more pages, Introduction to Statistical Data Analysis for the Life Sciences, Second Edition presents the right balance of data examples, statistical theory, and computing to teach introductory statistics to students in the life sciences. This popular textbook covers the m
Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis (Multivariate Applications Ser.)
by David MacKinnonThis volume introduces the statistical, methodological, and conceptual aspects of mediation analysis. Applications from health, social, and developmental psychology, sociology, communication, exercise science, and epidemiology are emphasized throughout. Single-mediator, multilevel, and longitudinal models are reviewed. The author's goal is to help the reader apply mediation analysis to their own data and understand its limitations. Each chapter features an overview, numerous worked examples, a summary, and exercises (with answers to the odd numbered questions). The accompanying CD contains outputs described in the book from SAS, SPSS, LISREL, EQS, MPLUS, and CALIS, and a program to simulate the model. The notation used is consistent with existing literature on mediation in psychology. The book opens with a review of the types of research questions the mediation model addresses. Part II describes the estimation of mediation effects including assumptions, statistical tests, and the construction of confidence limits. Advanced models including mediation in path analysis, longitudinal models, multilevel data, categorical variables, and mediation in the context of moderation are then described. The book closes with a discussion of the limits of mediation analysis, additional approaches to identifying mediating variables, and future directions. Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis is intended for researchers and advanced students in health, social, clinical, and developmental psychology as well as communication, public health, nursing, epidemiology, and sociology. Some exposure to a graduate level research methods or statistics course is assumed. The overview of mediation analysis and the guidelines for conducting a mediation analysis will be appreciated by all readers.
Introduction to Statistical Methods for Clinical Trials (Chapman & Hall/CRC Texts in Statistical Science)
by Thomas D. Cook David L. DeMetsThis text provides a solid understanding of the various statistical topics relevant to the design, monitoring, and analysis of a clinical trial. It covers basic experimental design, sample size, randomization procedures, interim and survival analyses, quality of life assessment, and longitudinal methods. The book describes all phases of a clinical trial and explores the advantages of and objections to the intent-to-treat principle as well as its implementation. With exercises at the end of most chapters, it also illustrates methods using examples with real data from a variety of disease areas, including heart and lung diseases, cancer, and AIDS.
Introduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists
by David LucyIntroduction to Statistics for Forensic Scientists is an essential introduction to the subject, gently guiding the reader through the key statistical techniques used to evaluate various types of forensic evidence. Assuming only a modest mathematical background, the book uses real-life examples from the forensic science literature and forensic case-work to illustrate relevant statistical concepts and methods.Opening with a brief overview of the history and use of statistics within forensic science, the text then goes on to introduce statistical techniques commonly used to examine data obtained during laboratory experiments. There is a strong emphasis on the evaluation of scientific observation as evidence and modern Bayesian approaches to interpreting forensic data for the courts. The analysis of key forms of evidence are discussed throughout with a particular focus on DNA, fibres and glass.An invaluable introduction to the statistical interpretation of forensic evidence; this book will be invaluable for all undergraduates taking courses in forensic science.Introduction to the key statistical techniques used in the evaluation of forensic evidenceIncludes end of chapter exercises to enhance student understandingNumerous examples taken from forensic science to put the subject into context
Introduction to Statistics for Nurses
by John Maltby Liz Day Glenn WilliamsTake the fear out of statistics with this straightforward, practical and applied book on the 'how and why' of using statistics. Introduction to Statistics for Nurses is an essential introductory text for all nursing students coming to statistics for the first time. The nursing profession involves the use of statistics every day, for example in the cases of mortality rates, average life expectancies, percentage recovery rates, average remission times, and the findings of which drugs work best with which illnesses. In fact, all of the policies that surround this job, the treatment strategies, and all the facts described above are derived from the use of statistics. This book will help students to understand the use of statistics in nursing literature, and shows how to use statistics effectively in answering research questions. Case studies throughout show how statistics are applied in nursing research and frequent exercises help to test the reader's knowledge as they progress.
Introduction to Statistics: Using Interactive MM*Stat Elements
by Wolfgang Karl Härdle Sigbert Klinke Bernd RönzThis book covers all the topics found in introductory descriptive statistics courses, including simple linear regression and time series analysis, the fundamentals of inferential statistics (probability theory, random sampling and estimation theory), and inferential statistics itself (confidence intervals, testing).Each chapter starts with the necessary theoretical background, which is followed by a variety of examples. The core examples are based on the content of the respective chapter, while the advanced examples, designed to deepen students’ knowledge, also draw on information and material from previous chapters.The enhanced online version helps students grasp the complexity and the practical relevance of statistical analysis through interactive examples and is suitable for undergraduate and graduate students taking their first statistics courses, as well as for undergraduate students in non-mathematical fields, e.g. economics, the social sciences etc.
Introduction to Structural Chemistry
by Stepan S. Batsanov Andrei S. BatsanovA concise description of models and quantitative parameters in structural chemistry and their interrelations, with 280 tables and >3000 references giving the most up-to-date experimental data on energy characteristics of atoms, molecules and crystals (ionisation potentials, electron affinities, bond energies, heats of phase transitions, band and lattice energies), optical properties (refractive index, polarisability), spectroscopic characteristics and geometrical parameters (bond distances and angles, coordination numbers) of substances in gaseous, liquid and solid states, in glasses and melts, for various thermodynamic conditions. Systems of metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals radii, effective atomic charges and other empirical and semi-empirical models are critically revised. Special attention is given to new and growing areas: structural studies of solids under high pressures and van der Waals molecules in gases. The book is addressed to researchers, academics, postgraduates and advanced-course students in crystallography, materials science, physical chemistry of solids.
Introduction to Surgery for Students
by Prokar Dasgupta Rebecca A. Fisher Kamran AhmedIntroduction to surgery aims to provide a one-stop guide to the basics of surgery for surgical rotations, as well as providing information for aspiring surgeons on how to explore a surgical career and build your CV for surgical applications. It aims to be the go-to companion for any student shadowing in theatres, and a thorough guide for students wishing to spend more time in a specific specialty, conduct research and plan careers. Introduction to Surgery for Students is an edited collection of 31 chapters from a group of 80 medical students, junior doctors and consultant surgeons. Each chapter has been written by a team made up of at least one student and one senior, and has then been edited and reviewed by a medical student with a special interest in the topic. This near-peer style of writing allows our content to cater to a student's needs at the right level, whilst having the expert input of surgeons who are leaders in their field.
Introduction to Surgical Trials
by Norimasa Nakamura Olufemi R. Ayeni Jón Karlsson Jason L. Koh Stephen LymanFilling a gap in literature, this book examines surgical trials with a special focus on the underlying principles, challenges, and best practices to successfully conduct rigorous surgical research.While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain the gold standard for evaluation of the safety and efficacy of most medical interventions, they are particularly difficult to implement successfully in the context of surgery. As a result, recruitment rates are often extremely low, crossover from non-operative to operative is common, and patients randomly allocated to surgery often simply decline to have the procedure. All of these challenges call into question the recent generalizability and fundamental quality of traditional surgical RCTs. As such, this book explores advanced alternative trial design methods and describes the current regulatory environment around the world. Designed as a practical guide, it is a valuable tool for surgeons, epidemiologist and biostatisticians involved in this challenging field.
Introduction to Syndemics
by Merrill SingerThis book explains the growing field of syndemic theory and research, a framework for the analysis and prevention of disease interactions that addresses underlying social and environmental causes. This perspective complements single-issue prevention strategies, which can be effective for discrete problems, but often are mismatched to the goal of protecting the public's health in its widest sense. "Merrill Singer has astutely described why health problems should not be seen in isolation, but rather in the context of other diseases and the social and economic inequities that fuel them. An important read for public health and social scientists. " -Michael H. Merson, director, Duke Global Health Institute "Not only does this book provide a persuasive theoretical biosocial model of syndemics, but it also illustrates the model with a wide variety of fascinating historical and contemporary examples. " -Peter J. Brown, professor of Anthropology and Global Health and director, Center for Health, Culture, and Society, Emory University "The concept of syndemics is Singer's most important contribution to critical medical anthropology as it interfaces with an ecosocial approach to epidemiology. " -Mark Nichter, Regents Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona "Merrill Singer offers the public the most comprehensive work ever written on this key area of research and policy making. " -Francisco I. Bastos, chairman of the graduate studies on epidemiology, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz "Exquisitely describes how this new approach is a critical tool that brings together veterinary, medical, and social sciences to solve emerging infectious and non-infectious diseases of today's world. " -Bonnie Buntain, MS, DVM, diplomate, American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine "For too long the great integrative perspectives on modern biomedicine and public health disease ecology and social medicine-have remained more or less separate. In this innovative and provocative book, Merrill Singer develops a valuable synthesis that will reshape the way we think about health and disease. " -Warwick H. Anderson, MD, PhD, professorial research fellow, Department of History and Centre for Values, Ethics, and the Law in Medicine, University of Sidney
Introduction to Telemedicine (Second Edition)
by John Craig Richard Wootton Victor PattersonIn rural and sparsely populated countries, telemedicine can be a vital and life-saving link to health care, and in those regions where demands on hospitals are ever increasing, it can provide a safe and comfortable alternative to hospital-based therapy. The second edition of this introductory guide to telemedicine and telecare services is invaluable to new practitioners in this growing field of medicine. The book describes the benefits of telemedicine and highlights the potential problems. The authors provide numerous examples of how telemedicine is used in the United States, Australia, and Scandinavia.
Introduction to Theory-Driven Program Evaluation: Culturally Responsive and Strengths-Focused Applications
by Stewart I. DonaldsonIntroduction to Theory-Driven Program Evaluation provides a clear guide for practicing evaluation science, and numerous examples of how these evaluations actually unfold in contemporary practice. A special emphasis is placed how to conduct theory-driven program evaluations that are culturally responsive and strengths-focused. In this thoroughly revised new edition, author Stewart I. Donaldson provides a state-of-the art treatment of the basics of conducting theory-driven program evaluations. Each case follows a three-step model: developing program impact theory; formulating and prioritizing evaluation questions; and answering evaluation questions. The initial chapters discuss the evolution and popularity of theory-driven program evaluation, as well as step-by-step guide for culturally responsive and strengths-focused applications. Succeeding chapters provide actual cases and discuss the practical implications of theory-driven evaluation science. Reflections, challenges, and lessons learned across numerous cases from practices are discussed. The volume is of significant value to practicing evaluators, professors of introductory evaluation courses and their students, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and serves as a text or a supplementary text for a wide range of evaluation and applied research courses. It is also of great interest to those interested in the connections between work and health, well-being, career development, human service organizations, and organizational improvement and effectiveness.
Introduction to Toxicological Screening Methods and Good Laboratory Practice
by M. Mohamed Essa M. Walid Qoronfleh Saravana Babu ChidambaramThis book focuses on the principles, methods, and interpretation involved in establishing the safety, risk, and hazard assessment of small molecules. It presents the regulatory requirements for risk and hazard identification as per the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH and Schedule ‘Y’, India. It serves as reference material for undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy degree students as well as senior researchers to learn about the principles, methods, and interpretations of systemic dosage (acute and repeated dose) and genotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo), special toxicological investigations such as reproductive and developmental toxicology, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics using animal models or in vitro methods, as applicable. This book is the first of its kind in providing information on the principles and methods of implementation of Good Laboratory Practice based on the guidelines of OECD. It includes detailed chapters about the regulatory requirements and guidelines in pharmaceutical products and agrochemicals. It also describes the infrastructure needed for preclinical studies, including in vivo and in vitro facilities.
Introduction to Toxicology
by Frank A. Barile John TimbrellAs with the previous editions, Introduction to Toxicology, Fourth Edition, continues to chart the evolution of the field of toxicology, from the use of natural toxins by ancient tribes through the developments established by Paracelsus, and progresses through to the current topics in the public interest. For centuries, the study of toxicology has fascinated students. The book begins with basic toxicological principles, including an historical summary, dose-response relationships (NEW chapter), exposure-response relationships (NEW chapter), disposition, and metabolism of xenobiotic toxic substances. Other important new chapters include target organ toxicity, toxicity of carcinogenic agents and new and updated concepts in toxicity testing, and antidotes and treatment of poisonings. In all, nine new or expanded chapters from the third edition are advanced. Current concerns about the effects of therapeutic drugs, carcinogens, industrial toxins, pesticides, and herbicides on human health, animal welfare, and the stability and maintenance of the ecosystem continue to highlight toxicology as an important and growing scientific discipline. Key features: Comprehensive coverage of the field of toxicology which illustrates its importance to and impact on society Uses pertinent examples, tables, and diagrams to aid understanding with learning objectives, summaries, questions, and answers for each chapter Clearly and concisely written and presented concepts for easy comprehension by toxicology, biomedical, and health science students Examines the complex interactions associated with toxicological events Covers the effect of toxins on biological and physiological systems This book successfully condenses the diffuse literature in the field into an accessible and readable text, made easier with the insertion of many tables and figures. It introduces fundamental concepts and builds upon these using topical and relevant historical examples. Its improved format includes learning objectives and summaries of each chapter, as well as questions and answers suitable for self-assessment. This latest edition is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate toxicology students, as well as an introductory text for other health care students and professionals. The book also functions as a comprehensive introductory reference text for environmental scientists, medical biologists and chemists, chemical engineers, and regulatory agencies, with interests in toxicologically related areas.
Introduction to Toxicology
by John TimbrellSince the publication of the first edition of Introduction to Toxicology , toxicology has become a more mature science, the number of undergraduate and postgraduate courses has increased and thus the need for a regularly updated introductory text has become more pressing. This third edition caters for this need in a clear and easy-to-read style, featuring:* Up-to-the-minute information* Relevant toxicological examples that reinforce principles* End-of-chapter essay questions* New and redrawn illustrations* Glossary of terms* Extensively revised bibliographyThe fundamental principles of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are described in the introductory chapters, as are the types of exposure and response. In subsequent chapters these are clarified with the use of carefully chosen examples. Among the topics considered are the potential adverse effects of drugs, pesticides, food additives and industrial chemicals.