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Ion Channels and Their Inhibitors
by Satya Prakash GuptaBeing the crucial components of living cells, ion channels are important targets of therapeutic agents. Historically, it has been challenging to develop drugs on this target class. A major issue with target based ion channel drug development is the identification of effective small chemical leads for medicinal chemistry optimization to the clinical candidate status. Thus enough attention has been paid to the study of structure and functions of ion channels and their potential inhibitors. The present book compiles important chapters authored by eminent workers in the field to cover important recent advances in the studies of the structure and functions of ion channels and their inhibitors, such as sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion, calcium ion channel inhibitors. The book may be of great use to the students and scientists working in the area of molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, neurobiology, and medicinal chemistry.
Ion Channels as Targets in Drug Discovery
by Gary Stephens Edward StevensThis book is built around ion channel research and, more specifically, ion channels as important therapeutic drug targets. Under the editorial leadership of Gary Stephens in academic research and Edward Stevens from industry, the aim is to bring these strands together to provide a cutting-edge translational reference on ion channel drug discovery. Exploiting our knowledge of ion channel structure and function has clear current and future potential to intervene and correct the pathophysiology associated with debilitating conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cystic fibrosis, pain, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Individual chapters have a disease focus, also providing a “case study story” that will also appeal to a clinical audience, while background information on a given ion channel is presented to provide a solid reference for undergraduate and postgraduate teaching.
Ion Channels in Biophysics and Physiology (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1349)
by Lei ZhouThis book gathers relatively recent and significant topics in the field of ion channel research. Ion channels form the molecular basis for membrane excitability in cells from the cardiovascular and nervous systems. In many non-excitable cells, ion channels contribute to diverse function including secretion of signaling compounds like hormones and insulin, cell volume regulation, intracellular signaling especially Ca2+ signaling, etc. Many human diseases have been attributed to abnormal channel functions and defective membrane expression of channel proteins. On the other hand, ion channels are excellent models for studying protein biophysics, especially the allosteric regulation of protein function by miscellaneous stimuli. Therefore, researches on ion channels carry significant meaning for the understanding of basic protein biophysics and diverse physiological functions and for developing novel and effective treatment for related human diseases. This book could provide graduates and scientists in both basic and clinical levels, a comprehensive understanding of cutting-edge advances and a useful and stimulating platform for tackling their own questions about ion channels.
Ion Channels in the Pulmonary Vasculature (Lung Biology in Health and Disease)
by Jason X.-J. YuanThis volume presents a global overview of the role of ion flux via transmembrane ion channel proteins in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone and in the vascular remodeling processes associated with pulmonary vascular disease-offering a comprehensive review of the multiple families of ion channels that have been identified and characterized in
Ion Transport Across Epithelial Tissues and Disease: Ion Channels and Transporters of Epithelia in Health and Disease - Vol. 2 (Physiology in Health and Disease)
by Kirk L. Hamilton Daniel C. DevorThis book discusses the unique ion channels and transporters found within the epithelial tissues of various organs, including the kidney, intestine, pancreas and respiratory tract. Authors focus on demonstrating the crucial roles that each of these channels and transporters play in transepithelial ion and fluid transport across epithelia, as well as in maintaining homeostasis. It allows readers to gain an understanding of the fundamentals of ion transport, in terms of function, modelling, regulation, trafficking, structure and pharmacology. This is the second of three volumes highlighting the importance of epithelial ion channels and transporters in basic physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases. This volume focuses on a wide array of epithelial tissues and the use of organoids to study epithelial function. Furthermore, clinical researchers and basic scientists from various fields provide a medical perspective on the physiology of a number of tissues and organs of the body including the pancreas, intestine, sweat glands, mammary gland, inner ear epithelia, retinal pigment epithelia of the eye, choroid plexus, and the ectodermal epithelia in dental enamel formation. This volume aims to ‘round out’ the reader’s journey from basic science to the laboratory bench and clinical management of molecular diseases, making Volume 2 a must-read for students and scientists in the field of physiology, as well as for clinicians.
Ion and Molecule Transport in Lysosomes (Methods in Signal Transduction Series)
by Bruno Gasnier Michael X. ZhuLysosomes are key subcellular organelles that regulate the cell function. Many of the essential activities of the cell are dependent on lysosomes. Dysfunction is linked to multiple diseases - storage disorders, neurodegeneration, immunological diseases and cancer. This book discusses concepts and methods used to study lysosome ion and small molecule transport. The contents will not only attract accomplished investigators in need of a broad review and synthesis of this important subject but will also appeal to young investigators and trainees needing to acquire comprehensive knowledge and technical skills working with lysosomal ion channels and small molecule transporters. Key selling features: Summarizes the endocellular role that lysosomes play with respect to cellular waste disposal Reviews essential cellular functions of lysosomes Explores how lysosome dysfunction is the cause of many metabolic disorders Examines how lysomes are involved in storage diseases Describes various technologies and methods used in lysosome research
Ion-Pair Chromatography and Related Techniques (Analytical Chemistry)
by Teresa CecchiIon-Pair Chromatography (IPC) is a rapidly evolving method for difficult analyses of organic and inorganic ions and ionogenic, neutral, and zwitterionic compounds. The possibilities for this technology continue to grow as novel ion-pair reagents and strategies are introduced at an accelerated level. Compensating for a dearth in the literature, Ion-
Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry: Principles and Applications, Second Edition
by Zory Vlad TodresConsolidating knowledge from a number of disciplines, Ion-Radical Organic Chemistry: Principles and Applications, Second Edition presents the recent changes that have occurred in the field since the publication of the first edition in 2003. This volume examines the formation, transformation, and application of ion-radicals in typical conditions of
Ion-Selective Electrodes
by Konstantin N. MikhelsonIon-selective electrodes (ISEs) have a wide range of applications in clinical, environmental, food and pharmaceutical analysis as well as further uses in chemistry and life sciences. Based on his profound experience as a researcher in ISEs and a course instructor, the author summarizes current knowledge for advanced teaching and training purposes with a particular focus on ionophore-based ISEs. Coverage includes the basics of measuring with ISEs, essential membrane potential theory and a comprehensive overview of the various classes of ion-selective electrodes. The principles of constructing ISEs are outlined, and the transfer of methods into routine analysis is considered. Advanced students, researchers, and practitioners will benefit from this expedient introduction.
Ion-Selective Electrodes for Biological Systems
by Christopher Fry Stephen Langley E. N. Stephen LangleyIon -Selective Electrodes for Biological Systems provides a user-friendly and practical guide to the manufacture and use of ion-selective electrodes for a wide variety of experimental systems used in biology. The book is aimed at researchers with little practical experience in the field and will direct them through the steps involved in making elec
Ionic Equilibria in Analytical Chemistry
by Jean-Louis BurgotThis book of general analytical chemistry - as opposed to instrumental analysis or separation methods - in aqueous solutions is focuses on fundamentals, which is an area too often overlooked in the literature. Explanations abound of the chemical and physical principles of different operations of chemical analysis in aqueous solutions. Once these principle are firmly established, numerous examples of applications are also given.
Ionic Transport in Hypertension: New Perspectives (Routledge Revivals)
by Antonio Coca Ricardo GarayFirst Published in 1994: Ionic Transport in Hypertension is devoted to examining the hypothesis that essential hypertension is a heterogeneous disease in its pathophysiological mechanisms as well as in its clinical and therapeutic considerations.
Ionically Gelled Biopolysaccharide Based Systems in Drug Delivery (Gels Horizons: From Science to Smart Materials)
by Amit Kumar Nayak Md Saquib Hasnain Dilipkumar PalThis volume provides a thorough insight into the chemistry and mechanism of ionic gelations of various ionic biopolysaccharides, like alginate, gellan gum, pectin, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, etc., and the applications of various ionically gelled biopolysaccharides in drug delivery fields, with chapters emphasizing the recent advances in the field by the experts. This book will be of interest to graduate students and academic and industry researchers from pharmacy, biotechnology, bioengineering, biomedical and material sciences fields.
Ionizing Radiation Effects in Electronics: From Memories to Imagers (Devices, Circuits, and Systems)
by Marta Bagatin Simone GerardinIonizing Radiation Effects in Electronics: From Memories to Imagers delivers comprehensive coverage of the effects of ionizing radiation on state-of-the-art semiconductor devices. The book also offers valuable insight into modern radiation-hardening techniques.The text begins by providing important background information on radiation effects, their underlying mechanisms, and the use of Monte Carlo techniques to simulate radiation transport and the effects of radiation on electronics. The book then: Explains the effects of radiation on digital commercial devices, including microprocessors and volatile and nonvolatile memories—static random-access memories (SRAMs), dynamic random-access memories (DRAMs), and Flash memories Examines issues like soft errors, total dose, and displacement damage, together with hardening-by-design solutions for digital circuits, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and mixed-analog circuits Explores the effects of radiation on fiber optics and imager devices such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensors and charge-coupled devices (CCDs) Featuring real-world examples, case studies, extensive references, and contributions from leading experts in industry and academia, Ionizing Radiation Effects in Electronics: From Memories to Imagers is suitable both for newcomers who want to become familiar with radiation effects and for radiation experts who are looking for more advanced material or to make effective use of beam time.
Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Technologies
by Gabriela K. PopescuThis detailed volume explores key technologies that are used currently to investigate iGluR structure, function and physiology. Chapters in this book cover methods to help illuminate the assembly, trafficking, molecular composition and subcellular location of iGluRs; approaches used to understand the atomic organization of iGluRs; and techniques to monitor receptor activity in real time. Written in the popular Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your own laboratory. Concise and easy-to-use, Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Technologies aims to facilitate the implementation of specific methods to iGluR investigations.
Iris Grace: How Thula the Cat Saved a Little Girl and Her Family
by Arabella Carter-JohnsonIris Grace is a beautiful little girl who, from a very young age, barely communicated, avoided social interaction with other people, and rarely smiled. From both before her diagnosis of autism and after, she seemed trapped in her own world, unable to connect with those around her. One day, her mother brought home a Maine Coon kitten for Iris, even though cats aren’t typically thought of as therapy pets. Thula, named after one of Iris’s favorite African lullabies and meaning ?peace” in Zulu, immediately bonded with Iris. Thula knew right away how to assuage Iris when she became overstimulated; when to intervene when Iris became overwhelmed; and how to provide distraction when Iris started heading toward a meltdown. Whether exploring, playing, sleeping, or taking a bath with Iris or accompanying the family on a bike ride, Thula became so much more than a therapy cat. With Thula’s safe companionship, Iris began to talk and interact with her family. This heartwarming story is illustrated with sixty of Iris’s gorgeous impressionistic paintings, works of art that have allowed her to express herself since the age of three. A gifted artist, Iris sees the natural world in a profoundly vivid and visceral way. With Thula by her side, she’ll sit and paint for hours, and the results are stunning. Inspiring and touching, Iris Grace follows the struggles and triumphs of a family?and a miracle cat?as they learn to connect with an amazing child.
Irish Insanity: 1800–2000 (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
by Damien BrennanThe national public asylum system in Ireland was established during the early nineteenth century and continued to operate up to the close of the twentieth century. These asylums / mental hospitals were a significant physical and social feature of Irish communities. They were used intensively and provided a convenient form of institutional intervention to manage a host of social problems. Irish Insanity identifies the long-term trends in institutional residency through the development of a detailed empirical data set, based on an analysis of original copies of the reports of Inspector of Asylums/Mental Hospitals in Ireland. Damien Brennan explores core social and historical features linked to this data including: the political context governance and social policy the relationship between church and state changing economic structures and social deprivation professionalization legislation and systems of admission and discharge categorisation and diagnostic criteria international developments family dynamics This book demonstrates that the actual rate of asylum utilisation in Ireland was the highest by international standards, but challenges the idea that an "epidemic of Irish insanity" actually existed. Offering a historical and sociological insight into an institutional legacy that is unusual within the international context, this book will be of particular relevance and interest to scholars within the fields of sociology, criminology, law, history, Irish studies, social policy, anthropology, nursing and medicine.
Iron Acquisition by the Genus Mycobacterium
by B. Rowe ByersIron Acquisition by the Genus Mycobacterium summarizes the early evidence for the necessity of iron in mycobacteria and the discovery of the mycobacterial siderophores mycobactin, carboxymycobactin, and exochelin. The structural characterization of the mycobacterial siderophores is described. The genes so far identified as essential for iron acquisition and maintenance of an infection by pathogenic mycobacteria are discussed. The potential role of siderocalin in iron gathering by M. tuberculosis is featured. Because new drugs for M. tuberculosis are needed, this brief also emphasizes the design of antibiotics that interfere with siderophore biosynthesis and the use of siderophore analogs and/or conjugates.
Iron Deficiency and Overload
by David I. Mostofsky Shlomo YehudaIron deficiency is ever-present among all populations throughout the world irrespective of race, culture, or ethnic background. Even with the latest advances in medicine, improved nutrition, and the ready availability of cheap oral iron, there is still no satisfactory explanation for the widespread occurrence of iron deficiency or for the absence of an effective treatment. Iron Deficiency and Overload: From Biology to Clinical Medicine is an important new text that provides a timely review of the latest science concerning iron metabolism as well as practical, data-driven options to manage at-risk populations with the best accepted therapeutic nutritional interventions. Chapter topics reflect the excitement in current theoretical development and laboratory activity in this area. The distinguished authors address their presentations to professionals and graduate students who need to be better informed about the concepts, methodologies, and current status of the field. Iron Deficiency and Overload: From Biology to Clinical Medicine is an essential text that presents a sampling of the major issues in iron research, from the most basic research level to human applications.
Iron Metabolism in Human Health and Disease (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1480)
by Kostas PantopoulosThis book provides a state-of-the-art overview on the role of bioiron in health and disease. Iron is an essential constituent of simple and complex organisms and has played a critical role in the origin of life. Cells utilize iron for energy metabolism, oxygen transport, and several biochemical reactions due to its flexible coordination chemistry and its unique ability to serve both as electron donor and acceptor. The term &“bioiron&” was coined to emphasize the importance of iron in biology and medicine. Even though iron is an abundant metal, its bioavailability is limiting. This often leads to iron-deficient states, which manifest in anemia and other co-morbidities. In fact, iron deficiency is the most common medical condition worldwide. On the other hand, excess iron is potentially toxic due to its redox reactivity. Iron toxicity is illustrated in pathologies of iron overload disorders, such as hereditary hemochromatosis or iron-loading anemias. Deregulation of iron metabolism is also observed in prevalent metabolic, cardiovascular, or neurological disorders. Our knowledge of iron metabolism has dramatically increased during the last 30-40 years with the discovery of elegant iron homeostatic networks that operate at the cellular and systemic levels. These include the IRE/IRP regulatory system and the hepcidin/ferroportin axis. The iron hormone hepcidin has emerged as a master regulator of systemic iron traffic and as a pharmacological target for iron-related disorders. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing bioiron field and aims to attract the attention of students, basic scientists, and clinicians.
Iron Metabolism in Infants
by Bo LonnerdalThere is a critical need for iron intake during the first period of life. The growing infant requires iron to synthesize hemoglobin and to supply expanding tissues with iron-containing enzymes. A lack of iron will eventually lead to iron deficiency anemia, one of the most common single nutrient deficiencies in the world. Today, detailed information has increased our understanding of iron bioavailability from different dietary sources, uptake mechanisms of iron into the small intestinal mucosa for transport to hepatocytes and erythropoietic cells and subsequent receptor mediated cellular acquisition. Metabolic effects of iron deficiency have also been investigated in several tissues. This comprehensive text integrates recent information and address it from a nutritional perspective. It takes this focus because of the increased knowledge on the interrelationship between iron and other essential nutrients. Specific problems of iron nutriture and oxidant stress in prematurely born infants are also addressed in this informative new text
Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans
by Gordon D. Mclaren Gregory J. AndersonIron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans provides health professionals in many areas of research and practice with the most up-to-date and well-referenced volume on the importance of iron as a nutrient and its role in health and disease. This important new volume is the benchmark in the complex area of interrelationships between the essentiality of iron, its functions throughout the body, including its critical role in erythropoiesis, the biochemistry and clinical relevance of iron-containing enzymes and other molecules involved in iron absorption, transport and metabolism, he importance of optimal iron status on immune function, and links between iron and the liver, heart, brain and other organs. Moreover, the interactions between genetic and environmental factors and the numerous co-morbidities seen with both iron deficiency and iron overload in at risk populations are clearly delineated so that students as well as practitioners can better understand the complexities of these interactions. Key features of the volume include an in-depth index and recommendations and practice guidelines are included in relevant chapters. The volume contains more than 100 detailed tables and informative figures and up-to-date references that provide the reader with excellent sources of information about the critical role of iron nutrition, optimal iron status and the adverse clinical consequences of altered iron homeostasis. Iron Physiology and Pathophysiology in Humans is an excellent new text as well as the most authoritative resource in the field.
Iron Transport and Storage
by Prem Ponka Herbert M. Schulman Robert C. Woodworth Goetz W. RichterThe objective of this book is to review and summarize recent developments in our understanding of iron transport and storage in living systems. It includes an overview of the evolutionary aspects of iron metabolism and bacterial iron transport, as well as a detailed discussion of molecules with specific roles in iron metabolism in higher organisms. It also presents relationships between intracellular iron metabolism and cell proliferation. Iron Transport and Storage addresses the comparative aspects of iron transport and storage in different tissues. This essential volume is very useful for hematologists, physical and biological chemists, cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, and clinicians with an interest in the biology and metabolism of iron.
Iron in Clinical Practice
by Sue Pavord Noemi RoyLearn the tools for addressing a widespread public health issue with this practical guide Iron deficiency and iron overload are among the most common health conditions encountered in the course of clinical practice, with the potential to produce a range of morbidities and increase overall mortality. However, these conditions are often under-recognized, resulting in unnecessary disease and loss of well-being. There is an urgent need to raise awareness among clinicians of the causes, effects and management of iron imbalance. Iron in Clinical Practice meets this need with a brisk, practical guide to recognizing and treating both iron deficiency and iron overload in clinical settings. Edited by two Oxford haematologists and leading specialists in iron management, it covers major areas of medicine and surgery impacted by these disorders. The result is an essential resource for both beginning and experienced clinicians. Iron in Clinical Practice readers will find: Introductory chapters outlining the role of iron in the body, its utilization and mechanisms of trafficking and distribution, and how these are impacted by disease.Coverage of a range of clinical settings across medicine, surgery and primary care.Illustrations, tables, and graphs throughout. Iron in Clinical Practice is ideal for all health care practitioners of any specialty.
Irrationality in Health Care: What Behavioral Economics Reveals About What We Do and Why
by Douglas E. HoughThe health care industry in the U.S. is peculiar. We spend close to 18% of our GDP on health care, yet other countries get better results—and we don't know why. To date, we still lack widely accepted answers to such simple questions as "Would requiring everyone to buy health insurance make all of us better off?" The standard tools of health economics can only take us so far. This book draws on behavioral economics as an alternative lens to provide more clarity in diagnosing the ills of health care today. A behavioral perspective makes sense of key contradictions—from the seemingly irrational choices that we sometimes make as consumers, to the incongruous behavior of providers, to the morass of the long-lived debate surrounding reform. With the new health care law in effect, it is more important than ever that consumers, the health care industry, and the policymakers who are governing change reckon with the power and sources of our behavior when it comes to health.