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Measuring Health: Lessons for Ontario
by Anthony CulyerPlanning and evaluating any health care program is a formidable task: how do you measure the health of a population? This fundamental question has been approached from various perspectives in medical, administrative, and economic studies. This book provides a guide to health measurement literature and relates it to Ontario's current and prospective policy choices and to the federal context of health indicators and indices to existing statistics in Ontario in a county-by-county survey of the province's health care. He also outlines the kinds of information essential to health assessment but not currently available. The book as a whole emphasizes the importance of health care measurement in the humane and efficient planning of health services. It will be of interest to all concerned with the practice of medicine in the 1980s and the planning of health services at the federal and provincial levels, as well as to those with a special interest in health from the economic, political, and sociological perspectives.
Measuring Leg Stiffness During Vertical Jumps: Theory and Methods
by Artur StruzikThis book presents a thorough description and critical discussion of different approaches to measuring leg stiffness during vertical jumps, as well as practical applications. Various topics covered include the applicability of the spring-mass (linear) model of the human motion system, leg stiffness controversies and interpretations, and computational and measuring methods of leg stiffness during vertical jumps. Additionally, a description of a research project performed expressly for inclusion in this book is given; the study aims to determine normative values for leg stiffness for young, healthy, non-athletes during single vertical jumps to maximal and specific heights. A final chapter covers additional perspectives, enabling the reader to acquire different perspectives on measuring leg stiffness during vertical jumps across a breadth of information and interpretations.Measuring Leg Stiffness During Vertical Jumps: Theory and Methods is an ideal book for researchers and practitioners in the fields of biomedical engineering, biomechanics, and sport sciences.
Measuring Mamma's Milk: Fascism and the Medicalization of Maternity in Italy
by Elizabeth Dixon WhitakerIn Italy as in other Western societies, the medicalization of basic biological functions contributes to the loss of personal confidence in the care of the body. Measuring Mamma's Milk analyzes the medicalization of maternity through a study of breastfeeding practices over a century of changes in socioeconomic organization, family life, and health beliefs. During the pivotal interwar period in Italy, fascism changed the relationship between the state and the public and greatly tightened the state's ties with medicine and science. "Rationalized" breastfeeding was at the heart of programs to reduce infant mortality rates in order to increase the size and "quality" of the population. Highly regimented feeding schedules, still practiced today, came to represent both an eternal, natural function and the conquest of fatal maternal ignorance by modern science. They also had important consequences for fertility and for maternal and child health. Through an interdisciplinary approach, Elizabeth Whitaker shows how fascism went beneath the surface to have a lasting impact on cultural beliefs and behaviors. Measuring Mamma's Milk will appeal to readers interested in Italy, fascism, and the care of young children as well as to scholars in medical and cultural anthropology, European history, history of medicine, and women's studies. Elizabeth Dixon Whitaker received her Ph.D. in anthropology from Emory University. She is the recipient of two Fulbright grants, the second of which sent her to the University of Bologna as a Senior Scholar in 1998-99. She is currently an independent scholar living in Washington, D.C.
Measuring Manhood: Race and the Science of Masculinity, 1830–1934
by Melissa N. SteinFrom the &“gay gene&” to the &“female brain&” and African American students&’ insufficient &“hereditary background&” for higher education, arguments about a biological basis for human difference have reemerged in the twenty-first century. Measuring Manhood shows where they got their start.Melissa N. Stein analyzes how race became the purview of science in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America and how it was constructed as a biological phenomenon with far-reaching social, cultural, and political resonances. She tells of scientific &“experts&” who advised the nation on its most pressing issues and exposes their use of gender and sex differences to conceptualize or buttress their claims about racial difference. Stein examines the works of scientists and scholars from medicine, biology, ethnology, and other fields to trace how their conclusions about human difference did no less than to legitimize sociopolitical hierarchy in the United States.Covering a wide range of historical actors from Samuel Morton, the infamous collector and measurer of skulls in the 1830s, to NAACP leader and antilynching activist Walter White in the 1930s, this book reveals the role of gender, sex, and sexuality in the scientific making?and unmaking?of race.
Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy
by Mary Law Winnie Dunn Carolyn M. BaumAs the profession of occupational therapy continues to mature and expand its practice, the measurement of occupational performance is one of the key avenues that all practicing clinicians will need to explore and master. Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition summarizes the measurement tools needed to assess client occupational performance, to provide the best intervention, and to document the effectiveness of that intervention. These measurement tools are not just a compilation of all that are available for measurement relevant to occupational therapy; they are an elite group of tools carefully selected by the editors through a process of rigorous theoretical, clinical, and scientific reasoning. In this Third Edition, Drs. Mary Law, Carolyn Baum, and Winnie Dunn have updated current chapters and added new topics that have not been covered in past editions, such as a chapter on measuring school performance, a key area of practice. Also included is a chapter on measurement principles and development to highlight the concepts common to all the measures included in the text. The Third Edition also has a focus on the best measures and measures that are used most frequently.Features of the Third Edition:Offers insight into the importance of measuring functional performance, methodologies, measurement issues, and best approach for outcome measurement Conveys a broad focus on occupational performance and offers examples from a wide range of practice settings and from multiple spots throughout the lifespan Explains the technical aspects of measurement development and methodologies and which components of functioning are to be measured and how Develops an understanding of the theoretical aspects and evidence for both standardized tests and non-standardized tests Instructors in educational settings can visit www.efacultylounge.com for additional material to be used for teaching in the classroom.New in the Third Edition: Focus on strengths-based approaches Measures health and disability at both individual and population levels using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) An emphasis on evidence-based practice and using evidence from other disciplines, not just from occupational therapy New chapter focused on school-based practice New content on reliability, validity, and responsiveness New content on goal attainment Additional material on decision making in practice In this changing health care environment, Measuring Occupational Performance: Supporting Best Practice in Occupational Therapy, Third Edition explains how core values and beliefs can be put into everyday practice and is the essential reference manual for the evidence-based occupational therapy and occupational therapy assistant student and practitioner.
Measuring Quality Improvement In Healthcare: A Guide To Statistical Process Control Applications
by Raymond G. Carey Robert C. LloydThis ground-breaking book addresses the critical, growing need among health care administrators and practitioners to measure the effectiveness of quality improvement efforts. Written by respected healthcare quality professionals, Measuring Quality Improvement in Healthcare covers practical applications of the tools and techniques of statistical process control (SPC), including control charts, in healthcare settings. The authors' straightforward discussions of data collection, variation, and process improvement set the context for the use and interpretation of control charts. Their approach incorporates "the voice of the customer" as a key element driving the improvement processes and outcomes. The core of the book is a set of 12 case studies that show how to apply statistical thinking to health care process, and when and how to use different types of control charts. The practical, down-to-earth orientation of the book makes it accessible to a wide readership.
Measuring Society (ASA-CRC Series on Statistical Reasoning in Science and Society)
by Chaitra H. NagarajaCollecting and analyzing data on unemployment, inflation, and inequality help describe the complex world around us. When published by the government, such data are called official statistics. They are reported by the media, used by politicians to lend weight to their arguments, and by economic commentators to opine about the state of society. Despite such widescale use, explanations about how these measures are constructed are seldom provided for a non-technical reader. This Measuring Society book is a short, accessible guide to six topics: jobs, house prices, inequality, prices for goods and services, poverty, and deprivation. Each relates to concepts we use on a personal level to form an understanding of the society in which we live: We need a job, a place to live, and food to eat. Using data from the United States, we answer three basic questions: why, how, and for whom these statistics have been constructed. We add some context and flavor by discussing the historical background. This book provides the reader with a good grasp of these measures. Chaitra H. Nagaraja is an Associate Professor of Statistics at the Gabelli School of Business at Fordham University in New York. Her research interests include house price indices and inequality measurement. Prior to Fordham, Dr. Nagaraja was a researcher at the U.S. Census Bureau. While there, she worked on projects relating to the American Community Survey.
Measuring Spinal Cord Injury: A Practical Guide of Outcome Measures
by Giovanni Galeoto Anna Berardi Marco Tofani Maria Auxiliadora MarquezThis book describes validated outcome measures for the international Spinal Cord Injury population. Based on rigorous systematic reviews of ca. 80,000 scientific articles, the authors present assessment tools for various clinical uses in the health sciences, following parameters of validity, reliability, and responsiveness. It is important for the development of clinical practice and research that practical and appropriate measures become universally accepted; this would allow comparisons and meta- analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials of people with this increasingly common injury. This book emphasizes the need for consensus among researchers as to which tools must be studied in depth or adapted to other national contexts, or which measurement instruments should be standardized in order to develop universal norms and standards for the performance of people with Spinal Cord Injury. It offers a valuable practical guide for clinicians, rehabilitation professionals and nurses, but will also help researchers to gain more confidence in using valid and reliable assessment tools for comparable clinical trials.
Measuring Up: A History of Living Standards in Mexico, 1850-1950
by Moramay Lopez-AlonsoMeasuring Uptraces the high levels of poverty and inequality that Mexico faced in the mid-twentieth century. Using newly developed multidisciplinary techniques, the book provides a perspective on living standards in Mexico prior to the first measurement of income distribution in 1957. By offering an account of material living conditions and their repercussions on biological standards of living between 1850 and 1950, it sheds new light on the life of the marginalized during this period. Measuring Upshows that new methodologies allow us to examine the history of individuals who were not integrated into the formal economy. Using anthropometric history techniques, the book assesses how a large portion of the population was affected by piecemeal policies and flaws in the process of economic modernization and growth. It contributes to our understanding of the origins of poverty and inequality, and conveys a much-needed, long-term perspective on the living conditions of the Mexican working classes.
Measuring and Modeling Health Care Costs (National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Income and Wealth #76)
by Colin Baker David M. Cutler Ana Aizcorbe Ernst R. BerndtHealth care costs represent a nearly 18% of U.S. gross domestic product and 20% of government spending. While there is detailed information on where these health care dollars are spent, there is much less evidence on how this spending affects health. The research in Measuring and Modeling Health Care Costs seeks to connect our knowledge of expenditures with what we are able to measure of results, probing questions of methodology, changes in the pharmaceutical industry, and the shifting landscape of physician practice. The research in this volume investigates, for example, obesity’s effect on health care spending, the effect of generic pharmaceutical releases on the market, and the disparity between disease-based and population-based spending measures. This vast and varied volume applies a range of economic tools to the analysis of health care and health outcomes. Practical and descriptive, this new volume in the Studies in Income and Wealth series is full of insights relevant to health policy students and specialists alike.
Measuring the Physiologic Use Conditions of Medical Devices
by Walt Baxter Ryan LahmThe physiologic use conditions medical devices are subjected to during implant and long-term in vivo use are critical to ensuring device reliability, efficacy, and safety. This book highlights advanced analyses for measuring the physiologic use conditions of medical devices, introducing important challenges facing engineers. The chapters include: A working definition for the physiologic in vivo use conditions used to further improve medical device performance in patients. Introductions to common approaches used to measure medical device use conditions so that engineers can use similar techniques where useful. Detailed case studies that highlight problem statements, approaches for measuring physiologic use conditions, and example outputs from such analyses. This book provides an up-to-date resource for device engineers so that they can accurately measure conditions that devices experience during and after implantation—key to reliability testing, computational modeling, and choosing optimum designs. This is an ideal book for medical device engineers and scientists designing and manufacturing devices for human use, students interested in understanding how devices interact with anatomy, and academic researchers seeking to apply advanced analyses to unmet use condition needs in the medical device field.
Measuring the Quality of Health Care: A Statement by The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality
by Institute of MedicineA Statement by The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality
Meat Science
by Paul WarrissOutlining the core principles of the subject, this introductory-level textbook covers the production of meat, its structure and chemical composition, meat quality and hygiene, and animal welfare, handling and slaughter. The new edition has been updated to cover significant advances such as the process of conditioning, leading to the tenderisation of meat, and the new coverage of the use of molecular genetic techniques to try to select animals for improved meat quality. Key Features New larger format in two colours throughout Fully revised and updated including new coverage of genomics Carefully selected references and titles for further reading
Meat, Medicine and Human Health in the Twentieth Century (Studies for the Society for the Social History of Medicine #1)
by David Cantor Christian Bonah Matthias DörriesThis collection of essays explores some of the complex relations between meat and health in the twentieth century. It highlights a complicated array of contradictory attitudes towards meat and human health. They show how meat came to be regarded as a central part of a modern healthy diet and trace critiques of meat-eating and the meat industry.
Mechanical Circulatory Support
by Francisco A ArabíaMore than 6 million Americans suffer from heart failure - about 10% of those patients suffer from advanced heart failure. These patients can no longer be treated with conventional heart therapies and symptom management strategies. As a result, a more targeted and invasive technique needs to be discussed and decided between the patient and their doctor. This book describes the current state of the art in mechanical circulatory support with an emphasis in patient selection, device selection, management of comorbidities and complications. The book is the first authoritative and comprehensive volume dedicated to how the technology can be used safely to benefit ill patients suffering from advanced heart failure.The book begins with a brief historical perspective of the technology and its development. It will be divided in 6 sections with multiple chapters, each addressing a specific area in MCS. These sections include types of support, the MCS program, patient selection, operative techniques, management, complications, and special considerations. Chapter authors are experts in their fields. Mechanical Heart Assistance to Heart Replacement: A Guide is an essential reference for all providers (physician, nurses, coordinators, engineers, industry, hospitals and regulatory agencies) who manage patients with advanced heart failure who require mechanical circulatory support.
Mechanical Circulatory Support (Handbooks Ser.)
by Wayne E. RichenbacherThis book is a concise, portable handbook that focuses on the clinical use of mechanical blood pumps. All aspects of mechanical circulatory support are addressed, including patient selection, preoperative preparation, operative management, anesthetic considerations and conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass, postop management including complications associated with blood pump use and long-term care and rehabilitation.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Advanced Heart Failure
by Jeffrey A. Morgan Andrew B. Civitello O. H. FrazierThis book provides the most up to date information on every aspect of clinical care relating to patients with advanced heart failure who require mechanical circulatory support as a treatment strategy. The book begins with an extensive description of the preoperative patient selection process as well as preoperative medical optimization, including bridge to bridge strategies with short-term devices. The book then transitions into a description of a variety of surgical implantation techniques with special considerations for reoperative surgery. A chapter on intraoperative anesthesia management is specifically focused on intraoperative issues relating to MCS patients. Subsequent chapters focus on perioperative management as well as long-term management of patients on MCS, including optimization of a patient's LVAD speed. A dedicated chapter on the diagnosis of device thrombosis as well as surgical techniques and outcomes associated with device exchanges is also included. The book also summarizes the national and international outcomes data for using MCS as a bridge to transplant and destination therapy. There is also a chapter on the utility of stem cells as an adjunct technique for inducing myocardial recovery. Finally, the book has chapters on complications of MCS, management of right ventricular failure, and the future of MCS.
Mechanical Circulatory Support in End-Stage Heart Failure
by Andrea Montalto Antonio Loforte Francesco Musumeci Thomas Krabatsch Mark S. SlaughterThis book is a detailed practical guide to the use of ventricular assist devices and total artificial hearts to provide mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in patients with end-stage heart failure. It explains why MCS may be indicated, which patients require MCS, when and how to implant ventricular assist devices or a total artificial heart, and how to avoid potential complications of MCS. Management throughout the period of care is described, from preimplantation to follow-up, and both typical and atypical cases are discussed. The text features numerous helpful tips and tricks relating to surgical and nonsurgical management and is supported by a wealth of high-quality illustrations that document preoperative evaluation and implantation technique. Heart transplantation remains the gold standard for the treatment of patients suffering from end-stage heart failure, but the shortage of donors has led to an increase in the use of MCS. This book will assist all physicians, and especially cardiologists and anesthesiologists, who are involved in the care of these patients.
Mechanical Function of the Atrial Diastole: The Motion of Blood in the Venous System—Novel Findings
by Dinker B RaiA recording of new discoveries based on experimental findings, this monograph is dedicated to examining the function of the atrial diastole of the human heart. The comprehensive and well-illustrated Mechanical Function of the Atrial Diastole explores the origins and history of circulation and links them to current newly discovered findings of the motion of blood in the venous system. Complementing the work of Sir William Harvey who discovered the mechanical function of the ventricles, this book examines the mechanical functions of the atrial chambers and completes the function of the human heart. Opening new doors in the world of research to a better understanding and treatment of ailments affecting the human heart, this book will particularly interest vascular surgeons, angiologists, cardiovascular disease specialists and cardiac surgeons as well as those specialists devoted to blood circulation. From the Forewords "The author has made a most ambitious and formidable undertaking of compiling this book and presenting his discovery. His concept is very credible and adds to the present available concept and theory of venous circulation, venous valve movement and atrial relaxation. This book provides a comprehensive text on new concepts and basic understanding of the physiology of venous circulation which will be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of venous diseases." Professor Kailash Prasad "The book is eminently readable with interesting tidbits and anecdotes. For example, we learn that Sir William Harvey softened his theory of circulation to mollify adherents of Galen; Alas, to no avail, as he had to hide for two years for fear of assassination by Galen’s enraged followers. The book is decorated with the author’s original drawings rendered beautifully with his annotations in near Calligraphic precision." Seshadri Raju M.D., FACS. About the Author Dinker Belle Rai is a Board Certified Indian American vascular surgeon who served as the Past Chairman of the Department of Surgery and as the Chief of the Department of Vascular Surgery / Vascular Laboratory at the Interfaith Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York. He is credited with developing the first ever method for retrograde catheterization of the venous tree as well as with the discovery of the motion of venous valves in human beings. In addition to that, his original research on histopathological specimens of patients with saphenofemoral resulted in a paradigm shift in management of varicose veins. He also performed the first ever vein transplantation below the knee. The discovery of right atrial mechanical function is a pivotal discovery in his medical research work.
Mechanical Lumbosacral Spine Pain: Anatomy, Histology and Imaging
by Lynton GF GilesThis book addresses an extremely prevalent medical problem: low back pain. It is not a general anatomy book, but it relates specifically to the lumbosacral spine, encompassing anatomy, histology, histopathology, and imaging all in one volume. For students, the text incrementally introduces them to lumbosacral anatomy terms and scientific knowledge by using photographs of gross and histological sections of the spine, as well as schematic drawings and images, in preparation for clinical practice. It answers many questions about the pathogenesis of low back pain, helpful for clinicians, both for treatment decisions and for counselling patients.Key features: Provides a clear explanation for many of the pain generators in low back pain and illuminates this perplexing and ubiquitous problem Addresses a gap in the existing literature, as 'non-specific' or mechanical lumbosacral spine pain accounts for by far most chronic spinal pain sufferers’ complaints for clinicians from general medical practitioners to spinal specialists in various fields such as sports medicine who deal with spinal pain syndromes Illustrates anatomical structures that can be injured and thus become responsible for causing mechanical lumbosacral spine pain; frequently, such injuries cannot be detected on sophisticated imaging such as MRI
Mechanical Ocular Trauma
by Hua YanThis book provides state-of-the-art information for ophthalmologists and other clinicians facing tough cases, helping them to make the most appropriate decision concerning the management of patients who have suffered mechanical ocular trauma. The discussion of mechanical ocular trauma addresses various parts of the eye: each chapter discusses a certain part of the eye, supplemented by illustrative sample cases. Though the latest consensus is provided for each topic or case, different opinions on controversial topics will also be discussed in detail. Pearls of advice at the end of each chapter highlight its main points. Topics covered include: Traumatic cataract and the timing of surgery and IOL implantation, Traumatic hypotony, Traumatic glaucoma, Timing of vitrectomy after primary repair, Use of silicone oil in traumatic eyes, Intraocular Foreign Bodies, Traumatic endophthalmitis, and much more. As a topic-based clinical reference work on mechanical ocular trauma bringing together consensus and controversies, the book offers useful and attractive information for ophthalmologists.
Mechanical Ocular Trauma: Current Consensus and Controversy (Ocular Trauma)
by Hua YanThis book provides state-of-the-art information for ophthalmologists and other clinicians facing tough cases, helping them to make the most appropriate decision concerning the management of patients who have suffered mechanical ocular trauma. The discussion of mechanical ocular trauma addresses various parts of the eye: each chapter discusses a certain part of the eye, supplemented by illustrative sample cases. Though the latest consensus is provided for each topic or case, different opinions on controversial topics will also be discussed in detail. Pearls of advice at the end of each chapter highlight its main points. Topics covered include: Traumatic cataract and the timing of surgery and IOL implantation, Traumatic hypotony, Traumatic glaucoma, Timing of vitrectomy after primary repair, Use of silicone oil in traumatic eyes, Intraocular Foreign Bodies, Traumatic endophthalmitis, and much more. As a topic-based clinical reference work on mechanical ocular trauma bringing together consensus and controversies, the book offers useful and attractive information for ophthalmologists.In this second edition, authors update hot topics in mechanical ocular trauma, including traumatic glaucoma, traumatic cataract, traumatic vitreoretinal diseases, traumatic macular hole, and also imaging applications in ocular trauma.
Mechanical Properties of Aging Soft Tissues
by Brian Derby Riaz AkhtarExploring the structure and mechanics of aging soft tissues, this edited volume presents authoritative reviews from leading experts on a range of tissues including skin, tendons, vasculature and plantar soft tissues. It provides an overview of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques including state-of-the-art methodologies, as well as focusing on the structural changes that occur within the main components of these tissues resulting in detrimental mechanical property changes. It also highlights the current challenges of this field, and offers an insight into future developments. Age-related changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissues have a profound effect on human morbidity and mortality, and with changing global demographics, there is growing interest in this area. There has been increasing interest in robustly characterizing these mechanical changes to develop structure-property relationships, and growing awareness of the need for enhanced predictive models for computational simulations. This book seeks to address the challenges involved in applying these engineering techniques to reliably characterize these tissues. Focusing on a wide range of tissues and presenting cutting-edge techniques, this book provides an invaluable reference to academics and researchers in a range of disciplines including biomechanics, materials science, tissue engineering, life sciences and biomedicine.
Mechanical Reperfusion for STEMI: From Randomized Trials to Clinical Practice
by Giuseppe De Luca Alexandra J. LanskyAs a leading cause of death in developed countries, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and its various treatment options are of great concern to those in the cardiology field. This text presents evidence-based chapters that supply clinicians with real-life situations and strategies to treat STEMI patients more effectively and at a quicker p
Mechanical Stretch and Cytokines
by Irina Kiseleva Andre KamkinThis book presents the latest findings in the field of investigation of molecular mechanisms of mechanical stretch and the role of cytokines in response of different tissues to it. On the one hand this Volume demonstrates how mechanical stretch enhances cytokines production. It describes how cytokines influence tissues and cells on a background of a mechanical stretching. It provides a description of how cells in different tissues are activated by stretch and cytokines via various signaling pathways, and how they change their gene expression. The book is a unique collection of reviews outlining current knowledge and future developments in this rapidly growing field. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms which underlie it on molecular, cellular and tissue, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes, which arise due to alterations of their environment.