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Maternal Mortality - Lessons Learnt from Autopsy
by Kusum D. JashnaniThe book discusses about 45 cases of maternal autopsies. These maternal mortalities are related to pregnancy-related diseases, pre-existing diseases that worsen or manifest during pregnancy and diseases for which pregnant patient has increased risk. As the study of maternal mortality is a healthcare quality indicator and plays an important role in the improvement of obstetric care, the book aims at discussing autopsy findings, which is the gold standard for establishing not only the causes of death, but also to uncover the various pathological lesions produced by the physiologic phenomenon of pregnancy. This helps in identifying the direct and indirect causes, which can be reviewed at multidisciplinary review meetings.The chapters are arranged according to direct and indirect causes of maternal death, involving varied target organ systems i.e. central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastro-intestinal tract, hepato-biliary system and pancreas, urinary system, female genital tract and others. However, it does not include diseases coincidental in pregnancy.Each case begins with the complete case history (age, duration of pregnancy, clinical presentation, investigations, clinical diagnosis, therapy, and course during ward stay, if any), autopsy findings, followed by a clinico-pathological discussion and includes appropriate gross organ and microscopic images. The book caters to the specialists in pathology, obstetrics, general medicine, critical care, surgery, pulmonologists, cardiology and all those involved in the care of pregnant women.
Maternal Obesity
by Matthew W. Gillman Lucilla PostonAfflicting more than 300 million women across the globe, obesity has profound effects on health during pregnancy and on the wellbeing of the unborn child. In the face of such a challenging pandemic, this book reviews the latest research and provides up-to-date advice on clinical management. Maternal Obesity addresses the adverse effects of obesity among women of childbearing age, including infertility, medical complications, problems in labor, and adverse birth outcomes, and it reviews evidence that the obese mother's in utero environment has long-lasting influences on the health of the developing child. Chapters cover basic, clinical, and population perspectives, providing a range of valuable information from mechanistic insight through to public health and policy implications. Invaluable for obstetricians, gynaecologists, paediatricians, general and family physicians, subspecialists in obstetric and paediatric medicine, midwives, and dietitians, as well as researchers and public health policy makers seeking to tackle the burden of maternal obesity-related illness.
Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy
by Dorte Møller Jensen Per Glud OvesenA dramatic and worldwide increase is occurring in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age. Obese women carry a significant excess risk of a variety of serious complications during pregnancy, and in addition, maternal obesity predisposes to obesity in the offspring. This book provides a timely update on the latest knowledge on maternal obesity and pregnancy. A very wide range of issues are covered, including macrosomia and associated shoulder dystocia; the risk of miscarriage, malformations, and complications of pregnancy; the impact of hyperglycemia; clinical management; consequences for anesthesia and ultrasound; impacts on breastfeeding, fertility, and childhood obesity; and pregnancy following gastric surgery. All of the authors are recognized experts in their fields, and the book has been designed to meet the practical needs of obstetricians, gynecologists, internists, and general practitioners.
Maternal Placental Interface: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2781)
by Verónica Zaga-ClavellinaThis volume details critical and valuable experimental protocols to facilitate researchers in this fascinating field. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Maternal Placental Interface: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Maternal Transition: A North-South Politics of Pregnancy and Childbirth (Routledge Research in Gender and Politics)
by Candace JohnsonWhat are the political dimensions that are revealed in women’s preferences for health care during pregnancy and childbirth? The answers to this question vary from one community to the next, and often from woman to the next, although the trends in the Global North and South are strikingly different. Employing three conceptual frames; medicalization, the public-private distinction, and intersectionality, Candace Johnson examines these differences through the narratives of women in Canada, the United States, Cuba, and Honduras. In Canada and the United States, women from privileged and marginalized social groups demonstrate the differences across the North-South divide, and women in Cuba and Honduras speak to the realities of severely constrained decision-making in developing countries. Each case study includes narratives drawn from in-depth interviews with women who were pregnant or who had recently had children. Johnson argues that women’s expressed preferences in different contexts reveal important details about the inequality that they experience in that context, in addition to as various elements of identity. Both inequality and identity are affected by the ways in which women experience the division between public and private lives – the life of the community and the life of the home and family – as well as the consequences of intersectionality – the combinations of various sources of disadvantage and women’s reactions to these, either in the form of resistance or compliance. The rigorous and highly original cross cultural and comparative research on health, gender, poverty and social context makes Maternal Transition an excellent contribution to global maternal health policy debates.
Maternal and Child Health
by John EhiriOur current era of globalization, war, and socioeconomic unrest has revealed public health as a worldwide concern and a major frontier for social justice with maternal and child health at its epicenter. Yet, there has been a relative scarcity of training resources specifically dedicated to this crucial area. "Maternal and Child Health: Global Challenges, Programs, and Policies" addresses this gap in current knowledge by analyzing the range of socioeconomic and environmental factors, health care disparities, politics, policies, and cultural practices that impact the health and safety of mothers, as well as the well-being and optimum development of their children. Individual sections focus on unequal distribution of the world's resources, politics and power, specific disease concerns, programs, policies and emerging concerns with a focus on what is currently being done, and what needs to be done to improve the health status of women, children, and adolescents. The book's contributors are some of the world's most respected experts, carefully selected to represent different global geographic regions and diverse professional disciplines related to maternal and child health from both academic and field practice perspectives. Among the topics in this authoritative volume: The impact of war, globalization, gender inequity, and harmful traditional practices (e.g., female genital mutilation). Specific health concerns, including tuberculosis, malaria, HIV, and malnutrition. Child and adolescent health issues, from abuse and neglect to children in difficult circumstances. Pregnancy-related issues: safety, abortion and post-abortion care, teen pregnancy, and more. Strategies for planning, developing, and maintaining maternal and child health systems in developing countries. The status of global initiatives, such as Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses and the Millennium Development Goals. The status of evidence-based maternal and child health in the developing world. With such a wealth of information on both practical and conceptual levels, "Maternal and Child Health: Global Challenges, Programs, and Policies" is as relevant to students and researchers in the field as it is to policy makers and those working for global health and development organizations. It also makes an excellent stand-alone text for courses in global health in general and global maternal and child health in particular.
Maternal and Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing and Childrearing Family (Point (lippincott Williams And Wilkins) Ser.)
by JoAnne Silbert-Flagg Adele PillitteriPublisher’s Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Confidently prepare for the challenges of modern maternal-newborn and child health care nursing. A respected authority revised for today’s changing health care environment, Maternal & Child Health Nursing, 8th Edition presents maternal-newborn and child health care not as two separate disciplines, but as a continuum of knowledge. Using a nursing process framework, this proven text applies a clear, easy-to-understand approach and wide range of built-in learning aids to help you master essential concepts and skills for success in this ever-changing and increasingly important field.
Maternal and Child Health in India: Networks and Information Diffusion
by Zakir Husain Mousumi Dutta Saswata GhoshThis book examines the process of information diffusion and the challenges of spreading awareness about maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes in India, with a special focus on Bihar – a state in eastern India.Investing in the health of women and children results in significant and long-lasting economic and social benefits to society. Analysing the National Family Health Survey data, the volume explores the role that access to information has on the adoption of MCH practices. It also explores regional variations – between Empowered Action Group (EAG) states and non-EAG states and also across EAG states – in the impact of information networks. Using appropriate econometric methods, the authors study the role of peer effects and grass-roots health workers in bringing about a change in attitude within communities. The book looks at the process of information dissemination between the grass-roots health workers and the target women and brings to the forefront the intricacies of patriarchal family dynamics that hinder women from accessing basic maternal and child healthcare needs. Based on grass-roots experiences, the book provides sharp insights from the field for the benefit of researchers, policymakers, and activists.Rich in empirical data, this book will be of interest to academics and researchers of development economics, public health policy and practice, community health, healthcare administration and management, primary healthcare and family practice, and health and social care.
Maternal and Fetal Cardiovascular Disease
by Tomoaki Ikeda Chizuko Aoki-KamiyaThis book provides an excellent review of the modern management of heart disease in pregnancy, introducing related state-of-the-art research. Maternal circulatory status dynamically changes throughout pregnancy and delivery. The number of pregnancies complicated by cardiovascular disease has increased in recent years due to better outcomes for patients with congenital heart disease as a result of improved surgical techniques, newly diagnosed cardiovascular diseases such as channelopathy, and increased maternal age. Pregnancy once was a contraindication for women with cardiovascular disease; however, it has been found that many women with cardiovascular disease can tolerate pregnancy and delivery. On the other hand, cardiovascular events including maternal death do occur in some cases. Clinical knowledge and skills in both obstetrics and cardiology are required to manage pregnancy accompanied by cardiovascular disease. Seen in that light, this book provides essential reading for obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and all medical personnel involved in the care of pregnant women with heart disease and congenital cardiac disease.
Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Programmes in India: A Programme Science Approach
by B M Ramesh Shiva S Halli Krishnamurthy Jayanna Mohan H. L.Despite the existing plethora of knowledge and continuous efforts to identify synergies and integrate the interventions across the continuum of maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH), there is a lack of consensus on the best way forward to achieve the quickest reductions in maternal and child mortality rates in developing countries in a strategic and coordinated manner. This book fills the gap, and provides a strategic approach, process and tools for designing and implementing large-scale MNCH programmes that are covered by the health system. This strategic approach termed as ‘programme science’ embeds science into all phases of programme cycle to optimize results and resources in implementing large-scale MNCH programmes. The book argues, with examples from Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, that programme science as an approach can significantly improve the MNCH services in developing countries.
Maternal-Child Nursing
by Sharon Smith Murray Susan R. James Emily Slone Mckinney Jean Ashwill Kristine NelsonIdeal for accelerated maternity and pediatrics courses, Maternal-Child Nursing, 4th Edition is filled with user-friendly features to help you quickly master essential concepts and skills. It offers completely updated content that's easy to read and understand. Plus, active learning tools give you the chance to practice applying your knowledge and make learning fun!Critical Thinking Exercises allow you to apply your knowledge to realistic clinical situations. Nursing care plans assist you with applying the nursing process to plan individualized care for the most common maternity and pediatric conditions. Critical to Remember boxes summarize and highlight essential, need-to-know information. Communication Cues provide practical tips for effective verbal and nonverbal communication with patients and families. Clinical Reference sections in pediatric chapters present information relevant to each body system, including anatomy and physiology, differences in the pediatric patient, and related laboratory and diagnostic tests.Integrated electronic features match icons in the text, so you can use print and electronic resources more effectively together.Using Research to Improve Practice boxes help you determine proper care to reinforce best practice. Spanish translations are included for phrases commonly encountered with maternity and pediatric patients. Improved design makes the text easier to read, and up-to-date photos ensure accuracy.
Maternal-Child Nursing Care with Women's Health Companion 2e: Optimizing Outcomes For Mothers, Children, And Families
by Shelton M. Hisley Susan L. Ward'Think like a nurse' with the 2nd Edition of this AJN Book-of-the-Year Award winner. It offers the perfect balance of maternal and child nursing care with the right depth and breadth of coverage for students in today's maternity/pediatric courses. And, it's accompanied byThe Women's Health Companion, a complete guide to the role of the nurse in promoting women's health. A unique emphasis on optimizing outcomes, evidence-based practice, and research supports the goal of caring for women, families and children, not only in traditional hospital settings, but also wherever they live, work, study, or play. Clear, concise, and easy to follow, the content is organized around four major themes, holistic care, critical thinking, validating practice, and tools for care that help students to learn and apply the material. Don't miss the Plus Code, inside new, printed texts. It unlocks the resources online at DavisPlus, including Davis Digital Version, your complete text online, and an Electronic Study Guide with learning tools and clinical resources. Click here to see an overview of everything this resource has to offer. What instructors are saying. . . "Well written, eye-catching and well organized chapters"- Sami Rahman, MEd, MSN, RNBlinn College "Clear, concise, uses tables and figures to support important concepts and content. "- Darlene A. Ardary, PhD, RN, CPN, CSNLock Haven University "It is thorough on content and it contains many student tools like charts, tables and concept maps. "- Carmen Torres MSN, MHS, RN, CNEBergen Community College "I like the different aspects that are included that get the students engaged in learning. It is a comprehensive text to use when teaching Maternal child nursing. It is simple enough for all students but engaging enough to keep even your most adept student challenged. "- Teresa Carnevale, PhD, MSN, RNBeaver College of Health Sciences "A complete continuum of the child from preconception through adolescents. All inclusive in a easy to read and understandable format. " - Stephanie Palmersheim MSN, RNSt. Luke's CollegeSioux City, Iowa "Good flow with information and material from Care of Maternal Health Nursing to Care of Pediatric Nursing. " - Lisa Stoddart, MSN, RN, FNP-BC Associate Nursing Professor Pediatrics San Joaquin Delta College
Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines (Series In Maternal Fetal Medicine)
by Vincenzo BerghellaThis new edition of an acclaimed text reviews the evidence for best practice in maternal-fetal medicine, to present the reader with the right information, with appropriate use of proven interventions and avoidance of ineffectual or harmful ones, and by rating the evidence of the key references. The information is presented in the right format by summarizing evidence succinctly and clearly in tables and algorithms. The aim is to inform the clinician, to reduce errors and "to make it easy to do it right." <P><P>The volume can be purchased separately or together with a companion volume on Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines (set ISBN 978 1 4987 4742 4).
Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines (Series In Maternal-fetal Medicine Ser.)
by Vincenzo BerghellaThis new edition of an acclaimed text reviews the evidence for best practice in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, to present the reader with the right information, with appropriate use of proven interventions and avoidance of ineffectual or harmful ones. The information is presented in the right format by summarizing evidence succinctly and clearly in tables and algorithms. The aim is to inform the clinician, to reduce errors and "to make it easy to do it right." The volume can be purchased separately or together with the companion volume on Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines (set ISBN 9780367567033). The Series in Maternal-Fetal Medicine is published in conjunction with the Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. From reviews of previous editions: An excellent resource with quick and easy protocols… this book has a permanent spot on my shelf. —Doody’s Review Service
Maternal-Neonatal Nursing Made Incredibly Easy!: Made Incredibly Easy (Incredibly Easy! Series®)
by Stephanie EvansStep into maternal-neonatal nursing with confidence and know-how, with the fully updated Maternal-Neonatal NursingMade Incredibly Easy!®, 4th Edition. This friendly guide’s colorful images and helpful learning aids offer the latest in nursing interventions for prenatal care basics, including high-risk pregnancy, family planning, contraception and infertility, labor and birth, and postpartum care, presented in the enjoyable Incredibly Easy style. Offering practice questions written in NCLEX® exam format, this is the ideal support for nursing students and new nurses preparing for certification and the everyday challenges of the maternal-neonatal unit.
Maternity & Women’s Health Care
by Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk Shannon E. Perry Kitty Cashion Kathryn Rhodes AldenWith comprehensive coverage of maternal, newborn, and women's health nursing, Maternity & Women's Health Care, 10th Edition provides evidence-based coverage of everything you need to know about caring for women of childbearing age. It's the #1 maternity book in the market -- and now respected authors Dr. Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, Dr, Shannon E. Perry, Kitty Cashion, and Kathryn R. Alden have improved readability and provided a more focused approach! Not only does this text emphasize childbearing issues and concerns, including care of the newborn, it addresses wellness promotion and management of common women's health problems. In describing the continuum of care, it integrates the importance of understanding family, culture, and community-based care. New to this edition is the most current information on care of the late preterm infant and the 2008 updated fetal monitoring standards from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Maternity Services and Policy in an International Context: Risk, Citizenship and Welfare Regimes
by Patricia Kennedy Naonori KodateThis book is the first comprehensive international overview of maternity services. Drawing on concepts of risk and social citizenship, it explores the relationship between welfare regimes and health policy by comparing and contrasting provision for childbearing women. Each substantive chapter focuses on a different country, presenting detailed contextual information on health care provision, maternity interventions and birth outcomes there. They discuss key issues such as birth rates and fertility patterns, the role of patient choice, attitudes to place of birth and maternity entitlements among others, and the countries covered represent diverse welfare regimes, including Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. An extended introduction and a conclusion draw the book together and place it in the context of the literature on comparative welfare regimes. It is an important reference for students and academics interested in comparative social policy, health services research, and maternity services and policies.
Maternity and Pediatric Nursing
by Theresa Kyle Susan Carman Susan RicciConfidently help students establish the knowledge base and critical thinking skills to ensure safe, effective maternity and pediatric nursing care with this practical text. Designed for today’s curricula and focused on improving levels of wellness across the life span, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Fourth Edition, addresses a broad spectrum of maternity coverage with an emphasis on the most commonly encountered clinical challenges, guiding students through real-world patient care scenarios and building the clinical reasoning and judgment capabilities essential to success throughout their nursing careers.
Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (Second Edition)
by Susan Carman Susan Scott Ricci Terri KyleAuthors Susan Ricci and Terri Kyle have teamed up to deliver a unique resource for your students to understand the health needs of women and children.<br> <br>This combination book, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing will empower the reader to guide women and their children toward higher levels of wellness throughout the life cycle. <br> <br>In addition, the focus of the textbook will emphasize to the reader to anticipate, to identify, and to address common problems that would allow timely evidence-based interventions.<br> <br> Finally, their approach is to provide a resource that incorporates case studies threaded throughout each chapter, multiple examples of critical thinking and an outstanding visual presentation with extensive illustrations depicting key concepts.<br> <br>
Maternity and Women's Health Care (10th edition)
by Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk Shannon E. Perry Kitty Cashion Kathryn Rhodes AldenWith comprehensive coverage of maternal, newborn, and women''s health nursing, Maternity & Women''s Health Care, 10th Edition provides evidence-based coverage of everything you need to know about caring for women of childbearing age. It''s the #1 maternity book in the market -- and now respected authors Dr. Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, Dr, Shannon E. Perry, Kitty Cashion, and Kathryn R. Alden have improved readability and provided a more focused approach! Not only does this text emphasize childbearing issues and concerns, including care of the newborn, it addresses wellness promotion and management of common women''s health problems. In describing the continuum of care, it integrates the importance of understanding family, culture, and community-based care. New to this edition is the most current information on care of the late preterm infant and the 2008 updated fetal monitoring standards from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. A logical organization builds understanding by presenting wellness content first, then complications. Critical Reasoning exercises offer real-life situations in which you can develop analytical skills and apply their knowledge. Teaching for Self-Management boxes offer a guide to communicating follow-up care to patients and their families. Signs of Potential Complications boxes help you recognize the signs and symptoms of complications and provide immediate interventions. Procedure boxes offer easy-to-use, step-by-step instructions for maternity skills and procedures. Emergency boxes may be used for quick reference in critical situations. Medication Guide boxes provide an important reference for common drugs and their interactions. Cultural Considerations boxes stress the importance of considering the beliefs and health practices of patients from various cultures when providing care. Family content emphasizes the importance of including family in the continuum of care. Nursing Care Plans include specific guidelines and rationales for interventions for delivering effective nursing care. Community Activity exercises introduce activities and nursing care in a variety of local settings. Student resources on the companion Evolve website include assessment and childbirth videos, animations, case studies, critical thinking exercises with answers, nursing skills, anatomy reviews, a care plan constructor, review questions, an audio glossary, and more. Content updates provide the most current practice guidelines, including expanded information on the late preterm infant and fetal heart rate pattern identification. New content on obesity provides the latest information on this increasingly common condition. Safety Alerts help in developing competencies related to safe nursing practice in conjunction with the QSEN initiative on quality and safety in nursing care. Updated Evidence-Based Practice boxes highlight current research to improve patient outcomes. Updated NICHD fetal monitoring standards provide guidelines reflecting current practice, as recommended by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Video clips on the companion Evolve website reinforce key skills performed in the maternity setting. Audio Key Points on Evolve make it easy to review core content while on the go. Streamlined nursing process information is summarized in boxes, making it easier to identify information on major diseases and conditions.
Maternity and Women’s Health Care (Maternity & Women's Health Care)
by Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk Shannon E. Perry Kitty Cashion Kathryn Rhodes Alden Ellen F. OlshanskyThis comprehensive maternity book is now even better! Maternity and Women's Health Care, 13th Edition provides evidence-based coverage of everything you need to know about caring for women of childbearing age. In addition to emphasizing childbearing concerns like newborn care, it also addresses wellness promotion and management of women's health problems. In describing the continuum of care, it integrates the importance of understanding family, culture, and community-based care. New guidelines are incorporated with updated content throughout, focusing on prioritization of care and interprofessional care.
Maternity, Newborn, and Women's Health Nursing: A Case-Based Approach
by Amy O'MearaMaternity, Newborn, and Women’s Health Nursing: A Case-Based Approach, 2nd Edition presents realistic, patient-centered, case-based narratives that captivate students while instilling essential critical thinking skills and clinical judgment capabilities. 13 in-depth, unfolding case studies threaded throughout the text enrich students’ understanding of key concepts and align with the latest NCLEX® testing plan to prepare students for the challenges ahead in class, on their exams, and beyond. This updated 2nd Edition is enhanced with inclusive, bias-free language, robust essential nursing competency learning features, and the most current perspectives on care to help students ensure positive outcomes for an increasingly diverse patient population.
Maternity, Newborn, and Women's Health Nursing: A Case-Based Approach (Coursepoint Series)
by Amy O'MearaPublisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Build the critical thinking capabilities essential to your success with this captivating, case-based approach. Maternity, Newborn, and Women’s Health Nursing: A Case-Based Approach brings the realities of nursing practice to life and helps you acquire the understanding and clinical reasoning skills to ensure effective patient-centered care. This innovative text immerses you in realistic, case-based narratives that help you experience maternity, newborn, and women’s health nursing concepts from the patient’s perspective and confidently prepare for your clinical rotations. Accompanying units leverage these patient stories to enrich your understanding of key concepts and reinforce their clinical relevance, giving you unparalleled preparation for the challenges you’ll face in your nursing career. Powerfully written case-based patient scenarios instill a clinically relevant understanding of essential concepts to prepare you for clinicals. Nurse’s Point of View sections in Unit 1 help you recognize the nursing considerations and challenges related to patient-based scenarios. Step-by-Step Skills tutorials clarify common procedures. Unfolding Patient Stories, written by the National League for Nursing, foster meaningful reflection on commonly encountered clinical scenarios. Analyze the Evidence callouts present conflicting research to hone your critical thinking capabilities. Patient Teaching boxes highlight important information to communicate to patients. Lab Values help you recognize the significance of out-of-range values and make appropriate nursing interventions. The Pharmacy features detail essential pharmaceutical information at a glance. Interactive learning resources, including Practice & Learn Case Studies and Watch & Learn Videos, reinforce skills and challenge you to apply what you’ve learned. Learning Objectives and bolded Key Terms help you maximize your study time. Think Critically questions instill the clinical reasoning and analytical skills essential to safe patient-centered practice. Suggested Readings point you to further research for more information and clinical guidance.
Math And Dosage Calculations For Healthcare Professionals
by Kathryn A. Booth James WhaleyMath and Dosage Calculations for Healthcare Professionals ( M&DC) introduces students to the concepts and skills they will need to move forward within their chosen health profession or nursing curriculum. Students will need dynamic tools and multiple resources to ensure success and this product provides everything they need!
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
