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Metagenomics: Techniques, Applications, Challenges and Opportunities
by Neeta Raj Sharma Reena Singh Chopra Chirag ChopraThis book summarizes the various areas of research in metagenomics and their potential applications in medicine, the environment and biotechnology. The book presents the recent advances in theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of metagenomics and highlights their applications in the fields of environmental microbial forensics, bioremediation, drug-discovery and agriculture. In addition, the book discusses various metagenomics approaches used for understanding the microbial physiology and biochemistry. Lastly the book describes a range of bioinformatics tools and computational methods for metagenomics analysis as well as the functional diversity and dynamics of microbial communities colonizing the human skin.
Metal Allergy: From Dermatitis To Implant And Device Failure
by Jacob P. Thyssen Jennifer K ChenThis volume opens by providing a comprehensive overview of the use and regulation of metals in our society, metal properties, and available testing methodologies. Common and uncommon metal allergens and sources of exposure are then reviewed in depth, detailing allergic responses and paying special consideration to select patient populations. In the general population, the prevalence of metal allergy is high. Environmental sources of metal exposure include jewelry, clothing, electronic devices, coins, leather, diet, and occupational exposure. Metal allergy may result in allergic contact dermatitis and systemic contact dermatitis, as well as several less common manifestations. Further, metal allergy has been associated with device failure and/or dermatitis following implantation of medical devices and dental implants. As metals are ubiquitous, this book will be indispensable for a wide range of clinicians and investigators. This handy reference will meet the needs of all health professionals and investigators who are interested in metal allergy and its diagnosis and management.
Metal Carcinogenesis Testing
by Max CostaThis text offers a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental biological, chemical and epidemiological principles of metal carcinogenesis and its assay as these are presently understood. It addresses problems of human exposure, the induction of tumors in experimental animals, and the effects of metal on "in vitro" systems. This book should be of interest to pharmacologists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, biologist, pathologist, industrial hygienists and those needing actively to assay metals and their compounds for carcinogenicity.
Metal Ion in Stroke
by John H. Zhang Yang V. LiStroke is a major cause of death and disability in the U.S. and worldwide. A variety of pathophysiologic episodes or cellular medications occur following a stroke, and knowledge of these aftermath events can lead to potential therapeutic strategies that may reverse or attenuate stroke injury. Cellular events that occur following stroke include the excessive releases of excitatory amino acids, alterations in the genomic responses, mitochondrial injury producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS), and secondary injury, often in the setting of reperfusion.
Metal Ions In Biological Systems, Volume 44: Biogeochemistry, Availability, and Transport of Metals in the Environment
by Helmut Sigel Roland SigelVolume 44, devoted solely to the vital research areas concerning the biogeochemistry of metals and their transport in the environment and availability to living systems, offers 9 timely and authoritative chapters on these fascinating topics by 19 internationally recognized experts.
Metal Ions in Biochemistry: 2nd Edition
by Pabitra Krishna Bhattacharya Prakash B. SamnaniThe second edition of Metal Ions in Biochemistry deals with the multidisciplinary subject of bio-inorganic chemistry, encompassing the disciplines of inorganic chemistry, biochemistry and medicine. The book deals with the role of metal ions in biochemistry, emphasising that biochemistry is mainly the chemistry of metal-biochemical complexes. Hence, the book starts with the structures of biochemicals and the identification of their metal binding sites. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the complexes are explained from the point of view of the nature of metal-ligand bonds. Various catalytic and structural roles of metal ions in biochemicals are discussed in detail. Features The role of Na+ and K+ in brain chemistry. The role of zinc insulin in glucose metabolism and its enhancement by vanadium and chromium compounds. Discussion of the role of zinc signals, zinc fingers and cascade effect in biochemistry. Haemoglobin synthesis and the role of vitamin B12 in it. The role of lanthanides in biochemical systems. A detailed discussion of the role of non-metals in biochemistry, a topic missing in most of the books on bio-inorganic chemistry. The study of bio-inorganic chemistry makes biochemists rethink the mechanistic pathways of biochemical reactions mediated by metal ions. There is a realisation of the role of metal complexes and inorganic ions as therapeutics such as iron in leukaemia, thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia, iodine in hypothyroidism and zinc, vanadium and chromium in glucose metabolism. The most recent realisation is of the use of zinc in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems, Volume 43 - Biogeochemical Cycles of Elements: Volume 29: Biological Properties Of Metal Alkyl Derivatives (Metal Ions In Biological Systems Ser. #29)
by Astrid Sigel; Helmut SigelMetal Ions in Biological Systems is devoted to increasing our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes. The volumes reflect the interdisciplinary nature of bioinorganic chemistry and coordinate the efforts of researchers in the fields of biochemistry, inorganic chemistry, coordination chemis
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 21: Applications of Magnetic Resonance to Paramagnetic Species (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelThis book facilitates a wider use of nuclear magnetic resonance in studies of paramagnetic species. It summarizes studies of magnetically coupled metalloproteins, of paramagnetic heme proteins, and of metal-porphyrin-induced dipolar shifts for conformational analysis.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 28: Degradation of Environmental Pollutants by Microorganisms and Their Metalloenzymes (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelContinuing to explore the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes, this volume in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems series examines the degradation of environmental pollutants by micro-organisms. It covers the action of micro-organisms and metalloenzymes on lignin, tannins, hemicelluloses, cellulose and aromatic compounds, as well as on halogenated aromatics and aliphatics; analyzes mechanistic aspects; considers the role of metalloproteases in biotechnology and wastewater sludge treatment; and describes the metal-dependent conversion of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur compounds.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 30: Metalloenzymes Involving Amino Acid-residue and Related Radicals (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelThis volume is devoted solely to the research area of metalloenzymes involving amino acid-residue and related radicals. Topics covered include: general considerations; structure, function and engineering of peroxidases; and ribonucleotide reductase in mammalian systems.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 37: Manganese and Its Role in Biological Processes (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Helmut Sigel"Highlights the availability of magnesium to organisms, its uptake and transport in microorganisms and plants as well as its role in health and disease of animals and humans including its toxicology."
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 38: Probing of Proteins by Metal Ions and Their Low-Molecular-Weight Complexes (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelVolume 38: Probing of Proteins by Metal Ions and Their Low-Molecular-Weight Complexes focuses on the vibrant area of probing enzymes or proteins by metal ions and small complexes. It offers a summary of the basic characteristics of the amide bond, emphasizing its proton and metal ion interactions, including a quantitative analysis of its hydrolysis and formation. Topics include Peptide bonds, footprinting, protein degradation, protein complexes, and protein cross-linking.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 40: The Lanthanides and Their Interrelations with Biosystems (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelMany may know lanthanides under the homier name of rare earth elements, but that is less used scientifically because they are, in fact, not at all rare. Highlighting fast-moving research on lanthanides and their interrelations with biosystems, this book emphasizes the recent impact of these metals in biochemical, biological, and medical research, including in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first two chapters outline their abundance and distribution, chemical properties such as oxidation states and ionic radii, and their mobilization through microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. It is written by 38 internationally recognized experts and enriched with nearly 200 illustrations and 1900 references.
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 41: Metal Ions and Their Complexes in Medication (Metal Ions in Biological Systems #Vol. 41)
by Patrick Graupp Robert J. WronaMetal ions are currently used for such applications as diabetes, anti-inflammatory, rheumatoid arthritis, psychiatric, and anti-ulcer medications, using compounds of vanadium, copper and zinc, gold, lithium, and bismuth, respectively. This text explores these applications in addition to an assessment of chelation therapy, uses in environmental scie
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 42: Metal Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and as Anticancer Agents (Metal Ions In Biological Systems Ser. #28)
by Astrid Sigel Helmut SigelOffering an authoritative and timely account by twenty-nine internationally recognized experts, Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Metal Complexes in Tumor Diagnosis and as Anticancer Agents is devoted solely to the vital research area concerning metal complexes in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In fourteen stimulating chapters, the book focuses on d
Metal Ions in Biological Systems: Volume 9: Amino Acids and Derivatives as Ambivalent Ligands (Metal Ions in Biological Systems)
by Helmut SigelThis book focuses on the connection between the chemistry of metal ions and their role for life, and covers complexes with a number of amino acids with chelatable side chain donor atoms. It discusses metal ion-protein interactions and the ligating ambivalency of nucleotides.
Metal Ions in Neurological Systems
by Henryk Kozlowski Wolfgang LinertMetal ions in the brain are a necessity as well as a poison. The presence of metal ions in the active sites of biological catalysts or metalloproteins and in the biological functioning of nucleic acids is very well documented and they are required for brain activity. On the other hand, metals are very effective in generating oxidative stress. This effect does not only play a role in immunology but also is the root of practically all neurodegenerative disorders by inducing disease via the death of neurons. Managing metal ions in the brain could therefore be an important strategy in the search for therapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This new title gives an overview to key topics in the area of metal ions in the brain. It focuses on the role of metal ions in neurological systems by describing their advantageous functions as well as their poisonous features. It is therefore of interest for scientists in biochemistry and biophysics, physiology, toxicology as well as for physicians focused on this topic.
Metal Nanocomposites in Nanotherapeutics for Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic Disorders (Emerging Materials and Technologies)
by Anindita BeheraThis book highlights the role and mechanism of different metal nanocomposites toward oxidative stress-induced metabolic disorders including metabolic pathways affected by oxidative stress and related pathophysiology. The book includes an illustrative discussion about the methods of synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of metal nanocomposites. It focuses on the therapeutic approaches for metabolic disorders due to oxidative stress by nano delivery systems. Moreover, the book includes chapters on nanotherapeutic approaches toward different diseases, including diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in nanocomposites, nano delivery systems, and bioengineering. Features Discusses nanocomposites in the field of therapy for diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers Details the pathophysiology of oxidative stress-induced metabolic disorder Explains mechanisms of the antioxidant potential of metal nanocomposites Discusses pathways to elucidate the therapeutic activity Reviews specific and precise applications of metal nanocomposites against lifestyle-induced disorders
Metal Nanoparticles in Microbiology
by Mahendra Rai Nelson DuranFollowing an introduction to biogenic metal nanoparticles, this book presents how they can be biosynthesized using bacteria, fungi and yeast, as well as their potential applications in biomedicine. It is shown that the synthesis of nanoparticles using microbes is eco-friendly and results in reproducible metal nanoparticles of well-defined sizes, shapes and structures. This biotechnological approach based on the process of biomineralization exploits the effectiveness and flexibility of biological systems. Chapters include practical protocols for microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and microbial screening methods for isolating a specific nanoparticle producer as well as reviews on process optimization, industrial scale production, biomolecule-nanoparticle interactions, magnetosomes, silver nanoparticles and their numerous applications in medicine, and the application of gold nanoparticles in developing sensitive biosensors.
Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma
by Mahendra Rai Ranjita ShegokarCompletely dedicated to the biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles, this book covers the different toxicity problems found in healthcare situations and also provides comprehensive info on the use of metal nanoparticles in treating various diseases. Metal Nanoparticles in Pharma is the first edited volume to set up the discussion for a clinical setting and to target a pharmaceutical audience of academic and industry-based researchers.
Metal Toxicology Handbook
by Debasis Bagchi and Manashi BagchiHeavy metals and metalloids, singly or in combination, induce toxic manifestations either through acute or chronic pathology. In particular, long-term chronic exposure to diverse heavy metals and metalloids to humans and animals can lead to numerous physical, muscular, neurological, nephrological, and diverse degenerative diseases and dysfunctions, including multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and several others. Recognized heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and hexavalent chromium are known for enormous toxicity. The immediate vital signs of acute heavy metal exposure include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and acute abdominal pain. Mercury has been identified as the most toxic heavy metal, and mercury poisoning is known as acrodynia or pink disease. Similarly, lead, another toxic heavy metal, was at one time an integral part of painting. Metal Toxicology Handbook further explains and discusses the varying attributes of metals, discussing toxicity, safety, and proper human utilization of metals. Beginning with a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration and going further into the roles, benefits, and toxicity of metals with each section, the text contains 28 chapters from eminent researchers and scientists in their respective fields and is a must-have for anyone researching the potential toxicity in metals. Key Features Discusses the pathology of metal toxicity Highlights the benefits of metals Explains the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis Highlights dose-dependent beneficial and adverse effects of vanadium safety and toxicity The initial introductory section provides a broad overview of metals, metalloids, redox biology, and neurodegeneration. The second section discusses the pathology of metal toxicity in two chapters, while the third section highlights the mechanism and salient features of restoring metabolic homeostasis in two chapters. The fourth section demonstrates the aspect of radionuclides toxicity. In a change of pace, the fifth section discusses the benefits of metals in four chapters. The sixth section, titled "Toxic Manifestations by Diverse Heavy Metals and Metalloids," provides fourteen chapters that discuss the toxicological mechanism and manifestation of individual metals. The editors have crafted a commentary titled "A Treatise on Metal Toxicity" and summarized a vivid scenario of metal toxicity and its consequences.
Metal and Bone Drilling - The Thermal Aspects
by Rui Li Albert J. Shih Bruce L. TaiThis book introduces state-of-the-art experimental and numerical methods and examples for evaluating the drilling performance of engineering and biological materials, particularly in thermal aspects. The authors use a common pathway to present the technological and analytical methods for both industry (metal) drilling and orthopaedic surgery (bone) drilling research, making this book a resource for both industrial and clinical readers who wish to understand the evolution of technologies, techniques and challenges in drilling. The authors also focus on advanced engineering materials, such as titanium alloys and high-strength cast irons, which have broad applications in the automotive, aerospace, medical device and sports industries. This book is a must-read for a broad audience, including engineering students in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses that involve machining processes; for surgery residents, fellows, and practicing surgeons; and for engineers in the medical device industry who develop new bone cutting tools.Bridges the knowledge on drilling from the manufacturing industry to healthcare;Covers the experimental and modeling aspects of drilling thermal analysis;Includes experimental studies that contain parameters and data that emulate practical production and clinical drilling.
Metal, Metal Oxides and Metal Sulphides for Biomedical Applications (Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World #58)
by Eric Lichtfouse Mu. Naushad Saravanan Rajendran D. DurgalakshmiThis book presents recent advances in inorganic nanomaterials for healthcare, with focus on the synthesis, medical applications and toxicity of metals, metal oxides and metal sulfides. Major applications include diagnosis, bioimaging, biosensing, healing and therapy in cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dentistry and antimicrobials.
Metal-Based Neurodegeneration
by Robert Crichton Roberta WardNeurodegenerative diseases of the human brain appear in various forms, resulting in disorders of movement and coordination, cognitive deterioration and psychiatric disturbances. Many of the key factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases are similar, including the dysfunction of metal ion homeostasis, redox-active metal ions generating oxidative stress, and intracellular inclusion bodies.Metal-based Neurodegeneration presents a detailed survey of the molecular origins of neurodegenerative diseases. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific disease, presenting the latest scientific findings, including details of their biochemical actors (proteins or peptides), their normal and pathological conformations, and a description of the diseases characteristics, with an emphasis on the role of metal-induced oxidative stress, which can result in the production of intracellular aggregates of target proteins and peptides. Topics covered include:Brain function, physiology and the blood-brain barrierImmune system and neuroinflammationAging and mild cognitive impairment, MCIParkinson's DiseaseAlzheimer's DiseaseCreutzfelt-Jakob and related prion diseasesAlcoholic Brain DamageTherapeutic strategies to combat the onset and progression of neurological diseasesThis extensively updated, full colour, second edition of Metal-based Neurodegeneration is an essential text for research scientists and clinicians working in gerontology, neuropathology, neurochemistry, and metalloprotein mechanisms.
Metal-Organic Frameworks as Forensic Detectors
by Vivek Mishra Amarnath MishraThis book illustrates the application of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) based detectors and scientific methods in the Forensic sciences. The introductory chapter provides metal-organic frameworks as materials for applications in sensors and reviews their photochemical and electrochemical properties. The subsequent chapter probes the interaction between Metal-Organic Frameworks and forensic samples. Further, the chapters discuss the applications of the metal-organic framework for the detection of fingerprint latent, lip-print, palm-print, pesticides, and antibiotics in forensic samples. Further, the chapters review the use of metal-organic frameworks for the detection of drugs of abuse, explosives, hazardous chemicals, and gunshots residual. Towards the end, the chapter reviews the advantages and disadvantages of MOFs during forensic sample detection and current challenges and prospects. This book provides useful information on applications of metal-organic Frameworks for forensic scientists and legal professionals.