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Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man Vol. II: Tumor Pathology (CRC Press Revivals)
by Gerd Reznik Sherman F. StinsonThis Monograph brings together within one cover the current knowledge about tumors of the nasal passages in man, in domestic and nondomestic animals, and in the rodents which are commonly employed in carcinogenesis studies in the laboratory.
Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man Vol. III: Experimental Nasal Carcinogenesis (CRC Press Revivals)
by Gerd Reznik D. V. M. Stinson Sherman F.This Monograph brings together within one cover the current knowledge about tumors of the nasal passages in man, in domestic and nondomestic animals. and in the rodents which are commonly employed in carcinogenesis studies in the laboratory.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer
by Jay S. Cooper Anne W. Lee Jiade J. LuNasopharyngeal Cancer - Multidisciplinary Management provides a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge on nasopharyngeal cancer and its multidisciplinary management. The first ten chapters document contain essential background information on subjects such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, pathology, and the use of imaging in diagnosis and staging. Subsequently, the various treatment options and combinations in a range of settings are examined in depth. Detailed attention is given to the roles of concurrent, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and advanced radiotherapy techniques. Further chapters then explore surgical treatment, follow-up, treatment of metastatic disease, treatment-related complications, and nasopharyngeal cancer in children. This is an important book that will prove essential reading for the radiation oncology community worldwide and meet the need for substantial improvements in knowledge of modern techniques.
Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Practical Guide on Diagnosis and Treatment (Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology)
by Jun Ma Jiade J. Lu Nancy Y. LeeThis book provides up-to-date guidance that will assist radiation oncologists during the day-to-day management of nasopharyngeal cancer. After discussion of diagnosis and staging, target delineation techniques and treatment planning are described for both intensity-modulated and particle radiation therapy. Detailed information is then presented on the application of radiation therapy in different disease settings, from early stage disease to metastatic disease. Due attention is paid to the role of multimodality treatment and new and advanced technologies in particular circumstances, such as local recurrence. In addition, follow-up and the management of late toxicities are explained and management strategies are documented for special situations and groups, including pediatric patients. The book is published within the Springer series Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology. Like other volumes in the series, it is designed for hands-on use by both radiation oncology residents and practicing radiation oncologists. It will also be of value for head and neck physicians.
National Center for Military Deployment Health Research
by Committee on a National Center on War-Related Illnesses Postdeployment Health IssuesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
National Emergency Care Enterprise: Advancing Care through Collaboration - Workshop Summary
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesIn 2006, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released a series of three books on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System. These reports contained recommendations that called on the federal government and private stakeholders to initiate changes aimed at improving the emergency care system. Three years later, in May 2009, the IOM convened a workshop to examine the progress to date in achieving these objectives, and to help assess priorities for future action. The May 2009 workshop, summarized in this volume, brought stakeholders and policy makers together to discuss which among the many challenges facing emergency care are most amenable to coordinated federal action. The workshop sought to foster information exchange among federal officials involved in advancing emergency care and key stakeholder groups from around the country.
National Geographic Guide to Medicinal Herbs: The World's Most Effective Healing Plants
by Steven Foster Rebecca L. Johnson Tieraona Low Dog"This excellent guide is the work of a team of highly qualified botanical and medical experts, including two of my colleagues from the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine. It offers reliable, up-to-date, practical information about 72 of the most important medicinal herbs." --Andrew Weil, M.D., from the Foreword. There is a world of health and healing all around you--in your spice rack, your backyard, and on the shelves of health food and grocery stores. This informative guide is a reference you will keep at the ready, connecting 72 of the world's most common and useful medicinal herbs with the body systems they help and heal.Eight chapters focus on body systems:1. Mental Health & the Nervous System2. Respiratory System3. Heart & Circulation4. Digestive System5. Joints, Muscles & Skin6. Urinary & Male Health7. Female Health8. Wellness & PerceptionEach chapter begins with an overview of how plants can bring health to that part of the body, with stories about traditional herbal remedies from around the world and current scientific findings on herbal remedies for specific illnesses. Then each chapter highlights nine plants, combining botanical and medical information--therapeutic uses, effectiveness, preparations, cautions, and advice, including a round-up of current science about the active ingredients in the plant. Every chapter includes a photo gallery showing how one of its herbs is cultivated and processed commercially--the story behind the contents of that bottle you buy in the store. Special features include "Over the Kitchen Counter"--quick and easy ways to use herbs in your everyday life, and time lines for every herb, showing how today's use of herbal remedies collects wisdom from the centuries and around the world. A functional appendix includes an illustrated index to all the plants in the book, an ailment-by-ailment therapeutic index, a glossary, and an index.
National Health Services of Western Europe: Challenges, Reforms and Future Perspectives (Routledge Studies in Health and Social Welfare)
by Mike Saks Guido GiarelliThis book draws on research within neo-Weberian and neo-institutionalist perspectives to critically analyse National Health Services (NHSs) in Western Europe. Exploring the challenges posed by neo-liberal policies, it also looks at the impact of the role of the state, the medical profession, the public and the medical–industrial complex in their development. Bringing together a top-line range of expert international contributors, this book includes national studies from three European macro-regions: Britain, Scandinavia and the Mediterranean. In the first part, the NHSs of each country considered are examined historically and in a contemporary context in face of emerging challenges – from cost containment to governance. The second part looks across the macro-regions at the influence of the main actors involved in their evolution and sustainability. Comparing and contrasting the NHSs of Western Europe, the book ends with a discussion of future directions. This book makes a vital contribution at a time when health services globally have been under great pressure in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is written for academics and advanced students of healthcare, management, public policy, social policy and sociology – in addition to health professionals and policymakers.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH
by John J. Mcgowan Vassil St. Georgiev Karl WesternFor over 50 years, the mission of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has been to conduct and support basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases with the ultimate goal of improving the health of individuals in the United States and around the world. As part of its mission to foster biomedical discovery and to reduce the burden of human disease, NIAID is committed to encouraging the accelerated translation of biomedical discoveries into effective clinical care and public health practice throughout the world. In pursuit of this goal and its disease-specific scientific objectives, NIAID seeks to broaden research opportunities and collaborations involving scientists and institutions outside the United States. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume 1, Frontiers in Research contains presentations given at the 2006 NIAID Research Conference held in Opatija, Croatia which brought internationally known researchers from the United States and Central and Eastern Europe to focus together on shared interests in microbiology, infectious disease, HIV/AIDS, and basic and clinical immunology. Some of the topics covered include emerging and re-emerging infections, the development of infectious disease prophylactics and therapeutics, drug resistance, and various topics in immunomodulation, autoimmunity, infections and immunity, and the development of vaccines. Extensive and in-depth, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume 1, Frontiers in Research is a valuable, comprehensive guide to the state of research today.
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH
by Vassil St. GeorgievNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH: Volume III: Intramural Research contains a broad overview of the research activity of the NIAID intramural scientists working in the Division of Intramural Research (DIR) and the Vaccine Research Center (VRC), both in the Bethesda campus, and the Rocky Mountains Research Laboratories. Each of these laboratories employs scientists internationally recognized as leaders in their fields of biomedical research. This volume focuses on individual research contributions by internationally known scientists doing research in the NIAID laboratories.
National Occupational Therapy Assistant Certification Exam Review and Study Guide (3rd Edition)
by Rita P. Fleming-CastaldyThe TherapyEd National Occupational Therapy Assistant Certification Exam Review and Study Guide is designed to assist graduates of accredited occupational therapy assistant (OTA) education programs in their preparation for the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy examination for certified occupational therapy assistants. This Review and Study Guide provides a comprehensive overview of the depth and breadth of current occupational therapy practice according to the field's seminal textbooks, the American Occupational Therapy Association's Practice Framework, Guide to Occupational Therapy Practice, and Standards of Practice. The text chapters cover all of the practice domains established by the NBCOT's most current examination blueprint.
National Registry Paramedic Examination Strategies, Practice & Review
by Kaplan MedicalFor the first time, study with Kaplan for the National Registry Paramedic Examination! Kaplan has brought its time-tested review practices to the National Registry Paramedic Exam (NRPE). Emergency response careers are on the rise with more and more EMTs moving up into paramedic positions, yet there is little guidance available to students preparing for the national exam. NRPE Strategies, Practice & Review is a comprehensive study tool designed to tackle the NRPE head-on. Content is presented in dynamic, reader-friendly sections with hundreds of full-color figures and tables to improve understanding and retention. Kaplan’s NRPE Strategies, Practice & Review provides test-taking strategies and review for this complex exam. This first edition features: * Overview of the NRPE and test-taking strategies * Content weighted to match the NRPE * Concise review of the material tested on the exam, including: Physiology, Pharmacology, Respiratory Emergencies, Cardiac Emergencies, Shock, Trauma, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, the Psychomotor Exam, and more! * Board-style Q&A with detailed answer explanations in each chapter * Full-color figures and tables to aid in understanding and retention
National Registry Paramedic Prep: Practice + Proven Strategies (Kaplan Test Prep)
by Kaplan MedicalKaplan's National Registry Paramedic Prep provides essential content and focused review to help you master the national paramedic exam. This second edition features comprehensive content review, board-style practice questions, and test-taking tips to help you face the exam with confidence.Essential ReviewContent is weighted to match the NRP so you can focus your study where it counts the mostConcise review of the material tested on the exam, including physiology, pharmacology, respiratory emergencies, cardiac emergencies, shock, trauma, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, the psychomotor exam, and moreFull-color figures and tables to aid in understanding and retentionRealistic practice questions with detailed answer explanations in each chapterOverview of the exam to help you avoid surprises on test dayExpert GuidanceWe invented test prep—Kaplan (www.kaptest.com) has been helping students for 80 years, and our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreams
National Registry Paramedic Prep: Practice + Proven Strategies (Kaplan Test Prep)
by Kaplan MedicalKaplan's National Registry Paramedic Prep provides essential content and focused review to help you master the national paramedic exam. This new edition features comprehensive content review, board-style practice questions, and test-taking tips to help you face the exam with confidence.Essential ReviewNew EMS Operations chapter with practice questionsConcise review of the material tested on the NRP exam, including physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, cardiology, respiratory and medical emergencies, shock, trauma, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, the psychomotor exam, and moreFull-color figures and tables to aid in understanding and retentionRealistic practice questions with detailed answer explanations in each chapterOverview of the exam to help you avoid surprises on test dayExpert GuidanceWe invented test prep—Kaplan (www.kaptest.com) has been helping students for 80 years, and our proven strategies have helped legions of students achieve their dreams
National Systems of Child Protection: Understanding the International Variability and Context for Developing Policy and Practice (Child Maltreatment #8)
by Richard D. Krugman Lisa Merkel-Holguin John D. FlukeThis volume provides a wide spectrum description analysis of the contemporary and well established child protection systems in a range of countries, such as Australia, Canada, Netherlands and Spain. It presents a brief orientation about the public and private systems involved in protecting children in each country. Further the book identifies current key policy and implementation drivers that orient the systems of child protection, such as children’s rights, family preservation, use of evidence and public health orientation. Finally it presents a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of the systems, as well as, strategies for prospects for improving outcomes for children and their families.
Nationwide Response Issues After an Improvised Nuclear Device Attack
by Institute of Medicine Board on Health Sciences Policy Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events Miriam Davis Bruce Altevogt Megan ReeveOur nation faces the distinct possibility of a catastrophic terrorist attack using an improvised nuclear device (IND), according to international and U.S. intelligence. Detonation of an IND in a major U.S. city would result in tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of victims and would overwhelm public health, emergency response, and health care systems, not to mention creating unprecedented social and economic challenges. While preparing for an IND may seem futile at first glance, thousands of lives can be saved by informed planning and decision making prior to and following an attack. In 2009, the Institute of Medicine published the proceedings of a workshop assessing the health and medical preparedness for responding to an IND detonation. Since that time, multiple federal and other publications have added layers of detail to this conceptual framework, resulting in a significant body of literature and guidance. However, there has been only limited planning effort at the local level as much of the federal guidance has not been translated into action for states, cities and counties. According to an informal survey of community preparedness by the National Association of City and County Health Officials (NACCHO), planning for a radiation incident ranked lowest in priority among other hazards by 2,800 local health departments. The focus of Nationwide Response Issues After an Improvised Nuclear Device Attack: Medical and Public Health Considerations for Neighboring Jurisdictions: Workshop Summary is on key response requirements faced by public health and health care systems in response to an IND detonation, especially those planning needs of outlying state and local jurisdictions from the detonation site. The specific meeting objectives were as follows: - Understand the differences between types of radiation incidents and implications of an IND attack on outlying communities. -Highlight current planning efforts at the federal, state, and local level as well as challenges to the implementation of operational plans. -Examine gaps in planning efforts and possible challenges and solutions. -Identify considerations for public health reception centers: how public health and health care interface with functions and staffing and how radiological assessments and triage be handled. -Discuss the possibilities and benefits of integration of disaster transport systems. -Explore roles of regional health care coalitions in coordination of health care response.
Natural & Herbal Remedies for Headaches: Storey's Country Wisdom Bulletin A-265 (Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin Ser.)
by Elizabeth Wotton N.D.Headaches, which range from mere annoyance to debilitating pain, are the most common health complaint in North America. Over-the-counter medications offer only temporary relief, and prescription drugs can cause serious side effects. Wouldn't you love to know how to treat - and prevent - your headaches effectively, safely, and naturally? In Natural & Herbal Remedies for Headaches, Elizabeth Wotton, a licensed naturopathic physician, explains the nature of headaches and offers all-natural preventives and treatments. She'll teach you how to: Figure out what kind of headache you're havingIdentify what's triggering your headachesSupplement your diet with headache-fighting nutrientsUse soothing herbal teas, tinctures, and baths to feel better fastBanish headaches from your life!
Natural Antibiotics and Antivirals: 18 Infection-Fighting Herbs and Essential Oils
by Christopher VaseyExplains how to use medicinal herbs and essential oils to fight infectious illness, strengthen the immune system, and combat antibiotic resistance • Presents 18 of the most potent antibiotic and antiviral herbs and one beehive remedy, propolis, detailing how to use them and what illnesses each is best suited to treat • Reveals how natural antibiotics have antiviral properties, lack side effects, and have no adverse effects on non-targeted bacteria, such as intestinal flora • Also includes info on restoring gut health with probiotics, strengthening your immune system to become less receptive to infections, and supporting natural antibiotics with detox treatments Nature offers us many natural antibiotics from the plant kingdom that work powerfully against germs while also being gentle on the body. Knowledge of these safe and natural antibiotics and antivirals is more crucial now than ever as modern antibiotics become less and less effective due to the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant germs. Natural antibiotics even offer an opportunity to reverse antibiotic resistance by reducing the use of pharmaceutical antibiotics to only the most critical cases. In this practical guide, Christopher Vasey presents 18 of the most potent antibiotic and antiviral herbs from around the world and one beehive remedy, propolis. He details how to use them effectively as mother tinctures and essential oils as well as what illnesses each is best suited to treat. Drawing on the latest research, he explains how microbes can’t build resistance against these natural substances due to the many molecules in their make-up and their large spectrum of action in the body, which makes them effective against viruses as well. He reveals that, unlike pharmaceutical antibiotics and antivirals whose list of side effects grows in proportion to their strength, natural antibiotics generally lack any malignant side effects and have no adverse effects on non-targeted bacteria, such as intestinal flora. The author also includes information on probiotics to restore gut health after the use of pharmaceutical antibiotics, ways to strengthen your immune system and become less receptive to infections, and guidance on detox treatments to support the natural antibiotics as they work. He also provides an index of more than 50 common ailments and diseases with the most effective medicinal plants and essential oils to use in each case. Offering a way to break free from the threat of antibiotic-resistant germs and improve the body’s immune system and internal terrain, this guide gives each of us the ability to fight infections naturally.
Natural Antibodies
by Jagadeesh Bayry Srinivas V. KaveriThis volume looks at the role of natural antibodies in pathogen elimination, cell survival, inflammation, cancer, and autoimmunity. The chapters in this book cover numerous topics, such as isolation of natural antibodies; methods for separating natural antibodies from human plasma, saliva, breast milk, and gastrointestinal fluids; functional properties of natural antibodies such as anti-tumor cytotoxic activity, and hydrolysis and dissolution of their target antigens; their utility in serological diagnosis of microbial antigens; and the role of natural antibodies in inhibiting viral vectors in the absence of prior exposure to the virus. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and thorough, Natural Antibodies: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and experts who are interested in further studies of natural antibodies.
Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture
by Joginder Singh Ajar Nath YadavThis book discusses various aspects of bioactive natural products employed in the agrochemical and agriculture sectors. It covers the use of plants, microorganisms, and microbial metabolites as eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable alternatives to chemicals in the field of agriculture. Written by active researchers and academics, the book highlights state-of-art products in the field, as well as the gaps, challenges, and obstacles associated with the use of plants, microbes and their products. Given its scope, it is a valuable resource for the scientific community and professionals in enterprises wanting insights into the latest developments and advances in the context of biological products, including their applications, traditional uses, modern practices, and strategies to harness their full potential.
Natural Biomarkers for Cellular Metabolism: Biology, Techniques, and Applications (Series in Cellular and Clinical Imaging)
by Vladimir V. Ghukasyan Ahmed A. HeikalFrom the Lab to Clinical Settings-Advances in Quantitative, Noninvasive Optical DiagnosticsNoninvasive fluorescence imaging techniques, novel fluorescent labels, and natural biomarkers are revolutionizing our knowledge of cellular processes, signaling and metabolic pathways, the underlying mechanisms for health problems, and the identification of n
Natural Causes: An Epidemic of Wellness, the Certainty of Dying, and Killing Ourselves to Live Longer
by Barbara Ehrenreich<P>Bestselling author of Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich explores how we are killing ourselves to live longer, not better. <P>A razor-sharp polemic which offers an entirely new understanding of our bodies, ourselves, and our place in the universe, Natural Causes describes how we over-prepare and worry way too much about what is inevitable. One by one, Ehrenreich topples the shibboleths that guide our attempts to live a long, healthy life -- from the importance of preventive medical screenings to the concepts of wellness and mindfulness, from dietary fads to fitness culture. <P>But Natural Causes goes deeper -- into the fundamental unreliability of our bodies and even our "mind-bodies," to use the fashionable term. Starting with the mysterious and seldom-acknowledged tendency of our own immune cells to promote deadly cancers, Ehrenreich looks into the cellular basis of aging, and shows how little control we actually have over it. We tend to believe we have agency over our bodies, our minds, and even over the manner of our deaths. But the latest science shows that the microscopic subunits of our bodies make their own "decisions," and not always in our favor. <P>We may buy expensive anti-aging products or cosmetic surgery, get preventive screenings and eat more kale, or throw ourselves into meditation and spirituality. But all these things offer only the illusion of control. How to live well, even joyously, while accepting our mortality -- that is the vitally important philosophical challenge of this book. <P>Drawing on varied sources, from personal experience and sociological trends to pop culture and current scientific literature, Natural Causes examines the ways in which we obsess over death, our bodies, and our health. Both funny and caustic, Ehrenreich then tackles the seemingly unsolvable problem of how we might better prepare ourselves for the end -- while still reveling in the lives that remain to us. <P><b>A New York Times Bestseller</b>
Natural Compounds Enabled Therapies
by Athanassios GiannisWe live in the golden age of medicine and patients benefit from a variety of valuable drugs that are successfully used as therapeutics for various diseases. They increase both life expectancy and quality of life and enable painless surgical interventions. Most of these drugs come directly or indirectly from nature and the narrative of their development and success are presented in this book. After a long scientific adventure, Streptomycin, a metabolite from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus turned out to be effective against tuberculosis, the scourge of mankind. At the same time, the famous PAS (a derivative of the naturally occurring salicylic acid) was developed as an equally effective agent against TB. The complex history and the many biological effects of aspirin are discussed in the light of new findings. Another chapter shows how the great German poet Wolfgang Goethe encountered atropine, an ancient poison. Also discussed is how nitric oxide and nitroglycerin (an explosive material) provide relief from angina pectoris and other heart diseases and how a deadly poison from spoiled sausages enabled not only a treatment of several previously untreatable diseases but also the opened the way for foundation of a billion-dollar health industry. Further chapters describe - discovery and mechanism of action of colchicine, an alkaloid from the plant Colchicum introduced in the therapy of gout. - the complex story behind the groundbreaking discovery of penicillin. - the development of L-DOPA for the treatment of Parkinson disease, and finally the history of discovery and use of digitalis in the therapy of heart failure. In total, there are 10 chapters, each with a disease, which is briefly described with a story. Historical backgrounds are discussed, and the people and character traits are briefly illuminated. The book also contains photos of people, plants, documents. It is an odyssey with stations in medicine, biology, chemistry, pharmacology, botany, mythology and archaeology. The book is written in a generally understandable way, and no prior knowledge is required. It is of interest to physicians and students of Medicine and Chemical Biology, researchers in the field of Life Sciences, and for people interested in the history of Science.
Natural Compounds as Therapeutic Agents for Amyloidogenic Diseases
by Neville VassalloThis edited volume concerns a group of devastating neurological disorders that share a common pathological mechanism, namely the aggregation and deposition of insoluble, proteinaceous lesions, termed 'amyloid'. Examples of cerebral amyloid disorders include common neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease-related dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as other less prevalent conditions like Huntington's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy and the transmissible prion disorders. A disease-modifying therapeutic agent is still lacking for all these diseases, and there are no approved therapies that target amyloid formation directly. Nevertheless, a large and complex group of natural aromatic compounds known as polyphenols are rapidly emerging as potentially potent anti-amyloidogenic agents. This book collectively presents a considerable body of experimental and epidemiological evidence from peer-reviewed scientific publications that support a role for natural compounds and herbal extracts in the chemoprevention and therapy of amyloidogenic disorders. Each contribution is written by scientific experts in the relevant field; chapters are devoted to Mediterranean diet and olive oil phenols, traditional Chinese medicine, herbal extracts, polyphenols (with a particular emphasis on epigallocatechin-3-gallate) and bi-flavonoids, amongst others. The topic of this book is relevant to a wide audience, from academia and university students in the biological and chemical sciences, to physicians and allied health professionals, as well as people working in the nutraceutical industry.
Natural Compounds: Alkaloids
by Shakhnoza S. Azimova Marat S. Yunusov'Natural Compounds: Plant Sources, Structure and Properties' details the properties of over 7,500 chemical compounds of pharmacological interest found in plants. Each volume systematically covers occurrence of the compounds in plants, illustrations of chemical structures plus physical-chemical, spectral, and pharmacological data. Entries are indexed by plant name, subject, and pharmacological property. This provides unique coverage of information on compounds isolated from some 3,000 plants, including many from central Asia and Russia, that are not well known elsewhere. The entries for each compound share a similar format. The entries are preceded by tabulated information on the occurrence of the compounds in plants etc. The highly experienced team of compilers from the renowned Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances in Tashkent have expertly assessed the international literature and include data only when confident of its validity, e.g. excluding data where measurement processes cause degradation of the original compound.