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Neuroblastoma: Discoveries and Challenges (Pediatric Oncology)
by Frank Westermann Shahab AsgharzadehThis book provides a state-of-the-art review of the biology, treatment, and other critical aspects of neuroblastoma, reflecting the dramatic advances that have been achieved in understanding and management. Topics are arranged according to the book’s dominant themes of the “seed” (tumor genomics, epigenetics, metabolism, and stem cells) and the “soil” (tumor microenvironment, adaptive and innate immunity, and exosomes) and how both of these influences can serve as rich targets for intervention, whether by targeted molecular therapy or immunotherapy. Therapeutic strategies that are currently in use or under consideration for the future are discussed in detail, with the focus on precision medicine. Further individual chapters are devoted to the biology and genetics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma and emerging methods of evaluating tumor burden. Finally, in keeping with the, albeit modest, increase in cure rates in high-risk disease, immune and cellular therapies are reviewed. This coverage of what is becoming a not-so-enigmatic tumor will appeal to a broad readership including both experimental oncologists and clinicians who care for patients with neuroblastoma.
Neurobrucellosis
by Mehmet Turgut Fuad Sami Haddad Oreste De DivitiisThis book provides an in-depth review of knowledge of neurobrucellosis, which remains common despite significant improvements in preventive measures, neuroradiological techniques, and treatment methods. The chapters are organized into five sections, the first three of which address cranial and intracranial brucellosis, spinal brucellosis, and brucellosis of the peripheral portions of the nervous system. The fourth section focuses on laboratory studies in neurobrucellosis, and the closing section is devoted to therapy, encompassing both medical approaches and the surgical procedures used to treat the complications associated with brucellosis involving the spine, brain, and peripheral nerves. Despite the impressive efforts to eradicate the disease, brucellosis still poses a great threat in the Mediterranean Basin, where it originated, as well as in South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa. Written and edited by leading international authorities in the field, this comprehensive book will be an ideal up-to-date reference for neurosurgeons, neurologists, and specialists in infectious disease who are seeking either basic or more advanced information on the disease and its diagnosis and treatment.
Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Akhlaq A. FarooquiCollectively, neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic and progressive loss of neurons in discrete areas of the brain, producing debilitating symptoms such as dementia, loss of memory, loss of sensory or motor capability, decreased overall quality of life eventually leading to premature death. Two types of cell death are known to occur during neurodegeneration: (a) apoptosis and (b) necrosis. The necrosis is characterized by the passive cell swelling, intense mitochondrial damage with rapid loss of ATP, alterations in neural membrane permeability, high calcium influx, and disruption of ion homeostasis. This type of cell death leads to membrane lysis and release of intracellular components that induce inflammatory reactions. Necrotic cell death normally occurs at the core of injury site. In contrast, apoptosis is an active process in which caspases (a group of endoproteases with specificity for aspartate residues in protein) are stimulated. Apoptotic cell death is accompanied by cell shrinkage, dynamic membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA laddering, loss of phospholipids asymmetry, low ATP levels, and mild calcium overload. This type of cell death normally occurs in penumbral region at the ischemic injury site and in different regions in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease
by John P. BlassThis newest volume of Advances in Neurobiology deals with the Neurochemistry of disease, with chapters covering both human diseases and animal "model" diseases.
Neurochemical Systems and Signaling: From Molecules to Networks
by Ghulam AshrafThe human brain is made up of billions of neurons that communicate with each other through chemical messengers, which are referred to as neuroactive substances. These neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Some neurotransmitters also act as neuromodulators and neurohormones. It is unlikely that there would ever be a consensus about the meanings of these neuroactive substances, including neurotransmitters, since the term ‘neurotransmitter’ has traditionally been used very loosely indeed, to include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators. Any alterations in the functioning of these neuroactive substances can cause diseases. The brain is the ultimate center that regulates all neurological and behavioral aspects of the body through neuronal communications mediated via various neurochemicals. Thus, neurological and psychiatric disorders are, in most cases, the result of disturbed neurochemical balance. Besides the multifaceted involvement of billions of neuronal cells, the central nervous system is a complex organization with a diverse number of neurotransmitter systems, as compared to the autonomic nervous system, in which the parasympathetic system works on the ‘rest and digest’ phenomenon, and the sympathetic system works on the ‘fight or flight’ phenomenon. There are more than 20 neurotransmitter systems and multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. Any alterations in neurochemical balance are expressed in the form of neurological or psychiatric disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, psychosis, depression, etc. Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5-HT are of the utmost importance among neurotransmitters for their profound role in the pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders in humans. Yet the involvement of various proteins and peptides, such as neurotrophic factors, growth factors, and endogenous chemical compounds, cannot be ignored. Day by day, the suffering of people due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters is increasing. Various factors, for example stress, diet, genetics, and toxins such as alcohol and nicotine, contribute to this imbalance. This imbalance may lead to mental health complaints. The main purpose of this book is to give a comprehensive overview of the neurological diseases associated with neurochemical imbalances. This book will help readers gain a comprehensive understanding of neuronal signaling and related neurological disorders, as well as status and future opportunities and challenges. It will provide a brief account of neurotransmission, as either a study or high-yield revision aid.
Neurochemistry & Clinical Disorders (Routledge Revivals)
by Fuad Lechin Bertha van der DijsFirst Published in 1989, this book offers a full, comprehensive guide to neurochemistry in certain mental health conditions and psychosomatic syndromes. Carefully compiled and filled with a vast repertoire of notes, diagrams, and references this book serves as a useful reference for students of medicine, and other practitioners in their respective fields.
Neurochemistry in Clinical Practice
by Pradeep C. BolluThis book offers a comprehensive overview of the most important neurochemicals and approaches everything from the neurochemical’s perspective. It attempts to integrate the biochemical pathways of synthesis and metabolism of these neurochemicals with the disease states and point out the avenues of diagnostic testing and therapeutic intervention. Each chapter focuses on a specific neurochemical and provides a brief history, the biochemical profile, metabolism, physiological functions, and the clinical aspects. The clinical part of each chapter includes a discussion on disease states with either increased or reduced activity of the neurochemical and either activation or inhibition of the relevant receptors. This book is targeted toward practitioners and students of neuroscience and is written to emphasize the importance of these neurochemicals in the brain. With this emphasis on background neurochemical processes, the readers will be pointed towards logical diagnostic studies, laboratory investigations, and therapies based on the neurochemical dysfunction that underlies various disease states.
Neurochemistry of Abused Drugs
by Steven B. KarchExtracted from the Drug Abuse Handbook, 2nd edition, to give you just the information you need at an affordable price.Beginning with a detailed look at individual drugs and their effects on the brain, Neurochemistry of Abused Drugs considers the changes in neurotransmitter levels and discusses the relationship of these
Neurochirurgie
by Nicol VaessenDe reeks 'Operatieve Zorg en Technieken' is bestemd voor de opleiding tot operatieassistent. Naast het basisboek bestaat de reeks uit een aantal vervolgdelen, waarin de verschillende subspecialismen van de chirurgie worden behandeld.Elk deel in de reeks heeft dezelfde indeling. Ieder hoofdstuk begint met een inleiding, gevolgd door een uitwerking van de pre-, per- en postoperatieve fase van de operatie. Bij alle operatiebeschrijvingen staat een vermelding van de operatie-indicatie en het doel van de operatie. De opstelling van het operatieteam wordt per operatiebeschrijving verduidelijkt door een afbeelding. Achter in het boek wordt altijd een selectie opgenomen van veelvoorkomend specifiek instrumentarium. De reeks 'Operatieve Zorg en Technieken' benadert de beroepsuitoefening van de operatieassistent zo dicht mogelijk. De talrijke afbeeldingen onderbouwen deze benadering.Neurochirurgie omvat 4 delen. In deel 1 Algemene principes en richtlijnen komen zaken aan de orde zoals apparatuur, liggingen en specifieke gebruiksmaterialen voor de neurochirurgie. Deel 2 bespreekt de aandoeningen van schedel en hersenen. Deel 3 wervelkolom en ruggenmerg. En in deel 4 wordt het perifere zenuwstelsel besproken. In de bijlage wordt uitleg gegeven over het specifieke neurochirurgisch instrumentarium. In het boek komen de meest voorkomende neurochirurgische operaties aan bod. De auteur geeft niet alleen beschrijvingen van de operaties maar ook verhelderende achtergrondinformatie. Waar nodig wordt in het begin van elk hoofdstuk aandacht besteed aan de anatomie. De vele gedetailleerde afbeeldingen verduidelijken de theorie. Neurochirurgie is bedoeld als leerboek voor de operatieassistenten in opleiding. Behalve als leerboek kan het boek dienstdoen als naslagwerk voor werkers op de ok en verpleegkundigen die werkzaam zijn op de afdeling neurochirurgie.
Neurochirurgie (Operatieve zorg en technieken)
by Nicol VaessenDit boek is een inleiding tot het specialisme neurochirurgie. Het is geschreven als studieboek voor operatieassistenten in opleiding, maar is ook van waarde voor verpleegkundigen, co-assistenten en beginnend assistenten. Neurochirurgie toont in vier delen de diversiteit van het specialisme. Het eerste deel behandelt algemene principes en richtlijnen van de neurochirurgie. Daarbij komen ook zaken aan de orde als apparatuur, liggingen en specifieke gebruiksmaterialen. Het tweede deel bespreekt de aandoeningen en operaties van schedel en hersenen, het derde deel van de wervelkolom en het ruggenmerg. Deel vier handelt over het perifere zenuwstelsel. Aan het begin van vrijwel elk hoofdstuk wordt aandacht besteed aan de anatomie. De chirurgische delen geven verder veel verhelderende achtergrondinformatie, en gedetailleerde afbeeldingen verduidelijken de theorie nog eens extra. In deze derde editie zijn twee hoofdstukken toegevoegd over breinchirurgie waarbij patiënten plaatselijk verdoofd worden. Dit zijn de zogenaamde wakkere craniotomie en de deep brain surgery (DBS). Ook gaat de auteur dieper in op navigatie, en op de anatomie en fysiologie van de wervelkolom.
Neurochirurgie bei älteren Patienten
by Eberhard Uhl Karsten SchöllerDie neurochirurgische Behandlung von Patienten, die das 65. Lebensjahr überschritten haben, weist zahlreiche Besonderheiten im Vergleich zur Behandlung jüngerer Patienten auf. Die Unterschiede, die beachtet werden sollten, sind von Experten detailliert und an der praktischen Tätigkeit orientiert in diesem Buch beschrieben. Die individuelle Belastbarkeit der Patienten muss bei allen Entscheidungen berücksichtigt werden. Das beginnt mit der Ansprache der Patienten und mit den präoperativen Maßnahmen und schließt den postoperativen Bereich bis zur Rehabilitation oder Palliativbehandlung ein. Für die wichtigsten Erkrankungen des Gehirns und der Wirbelsäule werden gezielte Empfehlungen für die Auswahl und Durchführung der Therapie gegeben. Ein eigenes Kapitel geht auf die typischen altersspezifischen Komplikationen ein.
Neurochirurgische Schmerztherapie: Schmerzsyndrome Und Therapieverfahren
by Volker TronnierDie operativen und interventionellen Verfahren der Schmerztherapie sowie die Therapie der wichtigsten Schmerzsyndrome sind systematisch und detailliert in diesem Buch dargestellt. Technik und Ausführung der einzelnen Methoden werden ausführlich beschrieben, dabei sind sowohl neuroläsionelle und neuromodulierende Verfahren als auch die neurochirurgischen Therapieoptionen bei Gesichts- und Kopfschmerzen berücksichtigt. Zahlreiche Hinweise auf Tipps und Tricks erleichtern die Durchführung und erhöhen die Sicherheit der Anwendung. Aus den publizierten Behandlungsergebnissen wird der Stellenwert der Verfahren für die möglichen Indikationen abgeleitet. Therapieempfehlungen für die einzelnen Schmerzsyndrome beziehen alle Behandlungsmodalitäten ein und ermöglichen so ein indikationsspezifisches, patientenorientiertes Vorgehen.
Neurochirurgische Therapie des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas
by Uwe Spetzger Alexander KönigDas neurochirurgische Vorgehen bei Schädel-Hirn-Traumata wird detailliert und reich illustriert beschrieben: von der präklinischen und klinischen Erstversorgung über die indikationsspezifische Bildgebung bis zur Nachsorge und den Grundzügen der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Im Mittelpunkt steht die operative Versorgung des akuten Traumas, die für die typischen Verletzungsmuster Schritt für Schritt mit zahlreichen Illustrationen dargestellt wird. Zusätzlich gehen die Autoren auf die verschiedenen Formen der Kranioplastik zur Deckung des Kalottendefektes ein. Grundlage der Darstellung ist die umfassende Expertise der Autoren aus einem zertifizierten Traumazentrum.
Neurochirurgische Therapie von Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule: Grundlagen, Indikationsstellung, chirurgische Techniken
by Uwe Spetzger Alexander König Torsten RoedigerDas Buch vermittelt zunächst anatomische und biomechanische Grundlagen sowie die gängigen Klassifikationen von Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule, letztere an konkreten klinischen Beispielen mit umfangreicher Bebilderung. Danach werden präklinische sowie frühe klinische Behandlung von Patienten mit einem Halswirbelsäulentrauma erörtert. Anhand der Ergebnisse der initialen Diagnostik erfolgt die Indikationsstellung zur Operation bei allen instabilen Verletzungen einschließlich der Wahl des operativen Verfahrens. Schwerpunkt des Buches ist die ausführliche Darstellung der einzelnen chirurgischen Techniken: ventrale Versorgung mit Diskus- und Wirbelkörperersatz plus ventraler Plattenosteosynthese sowie dorsale Versorgung mit Fixateur interne. Ein ausführliches Unterkapitel wird der spinalen Navigation als moderne Hilfstechnik bei Wirbelsäuleninstrumentierungen gewidmet. Neben der fotografischen Darstellung der einzelnen chirurgischen Teilschritte sind auch immer wieder klinische Beispiele eingefügt. Den Abschluss bilden Ausführungen zur Rehabilitation von wirbelsäulenverletzten Patienten.
Neurocinema: When Film Meets Neurology
by Eelco WijdicksFilm directors recognize that neurologic disease impacts mind and motility and often use it in a plot or defining scene. It should be informative and educational to deconstruct neurologic representation in film. Neurocinema: When Film Meets Neurology is a collection of film essays that summarize the portrayal of major neurologic syndromes and clinical signs in cinema. Many films approach the reality of disease quite closely, and as a result, are deeply moving and memorable. Equally important, these films say as much about consequences as they say about the disorder. Therefore, the main themes include sudden confrontation with a major neurologic illness, disability from chronic neurologic disease, and failure to lead a normal life. <P><P>More than 100 fiction films and documentaries are discussed in this completely original and definitive work on how film meets neurology. The book includes nearly 50 neurology topics, explains them, and places them in a broader context. The book is accessible for all health care workers and general readership.
Neurocinema—The Sequel: A History of Neurology on Screen
by Eelco F. WijdicksThe history of neurology as seen through the lens of the filmmaker is fascinating and extraordinary. Neurocinema-The Sequel is a review of the history of neurology as seen in film, starting with the early days of cinema and concluding with contemporary films now available in theaters and on streaming sites. The major themes of this book encompass how neurology has been represented in the history of cinema and how neurologic topics emerged and then disappeared, with some staging a comeback in more recent films. 180 films are assessed and rated, and many of these are exemplary depictions of neurological disorders. The author examines whether film, from a neurologic perspective, can provide insight and even debate. Each of the films discussed in this book demands serious attention by those who see and manage neurologic patients and support their families. Neurocinema - The Sequel chronicles this archive of neurologic representation, drawing readers in a rich collection of cinematic wonders of permanent cultural and historical value.
Neurocognitive Behavioral Disorders: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Patient-Centered Care
by Maureen Nash Sarah FoidelDementia, now known as major neurocognitive disorder, is not one monolithic disease. Nor is behavior disturbance driven by one particular neurocognitive dysfunction. In fact if we are able to understand it, behavior is an excellent form of nonverbal communication. There are many different causes of dementia. A major challenge with both researching and implementing interventions is viewing dementia and related behaviors as single entities. This approach leaves room for critical errors in the treatment of dementia patients, beginning with misdiagnosis. This book approaches dementia by reviewing cognitive and functional assessments to provide a more accurate diagnosis, which then allows physicians to design specific interventions that are tailored to the person and their challenges. Because person centered care is vital to quality of life and longevity to an aging patient, this understanding of individual needs is vital. Written by experts in the field, this book incorporates the latest evidence-based behavioral interventions matched to specific deficits. Behavioral management focuses not on controlling behavior, but using it to teach staff and caregivers how to interpret common actions and maximize function for people with major neurocognitive disorders. Quality of life and individualized care planning will be the theme and the book will provide practical case examples. The book begins by introducing dementia and other neurocognitive illnesses, contextualizing them both historically and contemporarily. Next, the text focuses on the comprehensive assessment of a person with neurocognitive challenges in order to identify strengths and understand what the person is trying to communicate with their behavior. This process allows individualized care planning and behavioral (non-pharmacologic) management to meet the cognitive challenges and maximize individual strengths and thereby improve outcomes, making this a cutting edge resource.
Neurocognitive Complications of HIV-Infection: Neuropathogenesis to Implications for Clinical Practice (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences #50)
by Lucette A. Cysique Sean B. RourkeThis volume aims at presenting the latest international research and discoveries in the neurocognitive aspects and complications in HIV/AIDS, and how this understanding can shape and inform how we think about clinical practice and patient care in HIV/AIDS as well as lead to a better understanding of the underlying neuropathogenesis.The chapter, "Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Impacts on the Pathophysiology and Phenotype of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders", of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com
Neurocognitive Music Therapy: Intersecting Music, Medicine and Technology for Health and Well-Being
by Rafael Ramírez-MeléndezFor thousands of years, music has acted as a powerful medium for evoking emotions, facilitating communication, and nurturing overall well-being. With the advent of new sophisticated neuroimaging technology, human responses to music and music therapy are being viewed through a new lens. As a consequence, new knowledge is being obtained about how music can produce significant improvements in cognitive, social, overt and agitated behaviours. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of neurocognitive music therapy, its impact and implications in the practice of evidence-based music interventions. The book seeks to provide researchers, psychologists, music therapists, musicians and physicians interested in the therapeutic applications of music, with a source of information about current techniques and novel music interventions. It is structured into several chapters, each of them presenting peer-reviewed research and evidence-based procedures carried out in a specific clinical context. Topics covered in the book include: Musical engagement for individuals with motor disabilities Enhancing emotional processing in autism through music Stroke rehabilitation via musical interventions Musical neurofeedback for emotional disorders Emotional modulation with music therapy in palliative care AI-driven personalisation in music interventionsThe book highlights the profound capacity of music-based interventions to facilitate cognitive and emotional processing, enhance communication, and promote motor rehabilitation. At the same time, the book demonstrates how modern technologies offer new opportunities to evaluate, validate, and potentiate music-based interventions, allowing new and innovative possibilities and more personalised interventions. This book aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge in this field and inspire further research and innovation in the practice of music therapy.
Neurocritical Care
by Justin Mckinlay John P. Adams Dominic BellTraumatic brain injury is the leading cause of death in young people in the UK and USA. The vast majority of these patients will be initially managed outside the teaching hospital environment and many will remain there for the duration of their treatment. As clinicians, what happens during the first hours and days after injury can have a huge influence on the patient's chance of survival and also their quality of life after the injury. Results of a recent national survey have highlighted 2 main areas of major concern. Firstly, there are far too few specialist neurosurgical beds in out tertiary referral centers, which means that District General Hospital Intensive Care Units are frequently having to manage very seriously brain injured patients. Secondly, many clinicians do not know when they should be speaking to their Regional Neurosurgical Centre, do not fully understand how they should be managing these patients, do not know how to interpret the relevant physiological and radiological data, and have difficulty identifying when to escalate treatment and when the situation has become futile. Lives could therefore be saved and outcomes improved with the introduction of common treatment pathways and better defined lines of communication between referring hospitals and specialist centers.
Neurocritical Care
by Kosaku KinoshitaThis book discusses the factors that affect outcomes in patients requiring various types of neurocritical care. Neurocritical care was originally developed to manage patients with traumatic brain injury or stroke. Today, neurocritical care involves patients with a wide variety conditions, including not only brain injury, cerebrovascular disease and brain tumors but also post cardiac arrest syndrome, metabolic disorders, sepsis-related encephalopathy, degenerative diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities. Recently, there has been a focus on improving the outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Covering the latest topics in the field, and written by specialists such as neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists and neurologists, the book provides an update on therapeutic / management strategies for disorders requiring neurocritical care for emergency physicians, intensivists and critical care physicians.
Neurocritical Care
by Michel T. TorbeyEditor Torbey (neurology and neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin) and 57 contributors provide a reference for physicians who work with critically ill and neurosurgical patients. Specifically, it is intended for those physicians who are not neurologists but who must treat patients in medical or surgical intensive care units--and offers guidance in management and treatment for those physicians. The authors address the principles of neurocritical care, management of specific disorders in the neurocritical care unit, neuromonitoring, and management of medical disorders. The book is very well written and formatted. Chapters include extensive references and illustrations are clear and nicely explained. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Neurocritical Care
by Michel T. TorbeyA significant number of critically ill neurological and neurosurgical patients are still managed in the medical or surgical ICU by non-neurointensivists, who have a hard time appreciating the delicate needs of these patients. This dynamic guide reviews current topics facing neurocritical care providers in a straight-forward, structured, and practical way. Providing clear summaries in the management of neuro critical care conditions, this text allows for accessible, highly structured, and focused protocols for the assessment, day-to-day management, and treatment of critically ill patients in various ICU settings. This comprehensive, thorough guide to the management and treatment of neurologic and neurosurgical patients, is an excellent companion for trainees preparing for the Neurovascular Boards, Neurologists, Neurosurgeons and critical care physicians, alike. Designed by leaders in their field, this thorough guide presents practical, state-of-the-art suggestions for physicians, worldwide.
Neurocritical Care (Cambridge Manuals in Neurology)
by Andrew M. NaidechEvents in a neurological intensive care unit are not always predictable and patients can often be unstable. This practical manual is a clear and concise guide for recognising and managing neurological emergencies. Each chapter covers a crucial topic in neurocritical care, from understanding the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases, to neuroradiology used in diagnosis, and best practice for difficult decision making in the ICU. A variety of conditions are described such as haemorrhage (intracerebral, subdural, and subarachnoid), seizures, trauma and temperature dysregulation. An international team of experts have contributed chapters, providing a breadth of experience and knowledge for readers. This is an invaluable guide for clinicians on the front line of caring for patients with neurological emergencies who need life-saving answers quickly.
Neurocritical Care Essentials: A Practical Guide
by MPH Mypinder S. Sekhon Donald E. GriesdaleThis practical new resource uses a highly visual approach to summarise and simplify neurocritical care topics which can often seem daunting in their complexity. Diagrams, flowcharts, figures and tables highlight the main principles of disease pathophysiology, diagnosis and management, giving an easy-to-understand insight into this new and exciting field of medicine. Numerous high-quality radiographic images demonstrate the neuroimaging of neurological and neurosurgical diseases, and overviews of major clinical trials and studies provide an evidence-based perspective. Incorporating a full grounding in the fundamentals of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and examination, and summaries of key points and suggested reading for each chapter, this book is a concise yet thorough reference for all those working in neurocritical care. Ideal for both trainees and specialists in neurology, neurosurgery, intensive care, anaesthesiology, emergency medicine and internal medicine.