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Neuroepigenomics in Aging and Disease
by Raul Delgado-MoralesEpigenetic mechanisms (DNA modifications, histone alterations and non-coding RNAs) are crucial for transcriptional regulation and alterations of the "physiological epigenome" are increasingly associated with human diseases. During the last decade the emerging field of neuroepigenomics have started to impact tremendously in areas such learning and memory, addiction or neurodegeneration. This expert volume covers the role of epigenetic molecular mechanism in regulation of central nervous system's function, one of the most exciting areas of contemporary molecular neuroscience. The book describes the current knowledge on the epigenetic basis of human disease covering the complete lifespan: from neurodevelopment/childhood (Rett Syndrome, Rubinstein-Taybi, autism), adolescence (eating disorders, drug addiction, anxiety), adulthood (depression, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease) and elderly (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease). The book also covers the three major players on neuroepigenomic mechanisms: histones alterations, DNA modifications and non-coding RNAs, their roles at the molecular and cellular level and the impact of their alterations on neuronal function and behavior. Finally, a special chapter on state-of-the-art technologies helps the reader not only to understand epigenetic driven changes in human cognition and diseases but also the methodology that will help to generate paradigm shifts on our understanding of brain function and the role of the neuroepigenome in human diseases.
Neuroergonomics: Principles and Practice (Cognitive Science and Technology)
by Chang S. NamThis book sums up key research findings, and theoretical and technological advances having a direct bearing on neuroergonomics. Neuroergonomics is an emerging area whose Neuroergonomics is an emerging area that is collectively defined as the study of human brain function and behaviour in relation to behavioural performance in natural environments and everyday settings. It helps readers to understand neural mechanisms of human cognition in the context of human interaction with complex systems, as well as understanding the change of perception, decision-making and training in humans. The authors give new insights into augmenting human performance, reflecting upon the opportunities provided through neuroergonomics research and development. Computer systems acting on data from behavioural-output, physiological, and neurological sensing technologies are used to determine the user’s cognitive state and adapt the systems to change, support, and monitor human cognition. Various domains and case studies delve into the field of neuroergonomics in detail. These include, but are not limited to:an evaluation of technologies in health, workplace, and education settings, to show the different impacts of neuroergonomics in everyday lives;assessment of real-time cognitive measures;dynamic casual interactions between inhibition and updating functions, through analysis of behavioral, neurophysiological and effective connectivity metrics; and applications in human performance modelling and assessment of mental workload, showing the reader how to train and improve working memory capacity.Neuroergonomics: Principles and Practice provides academic practitioners and graduate students with a single go-to handbook that will be of significant assistance in research associated with human factors and ergonomics, human-computer interaction, human-systems engineering and cognitive neuroscience.
Neuroethical Policy Design: A Lifetime’s Exploration of Public Policy and Human Brains (Studies in Brain and Mind #20)
by Dana Lee Baker Raquel Lisette BakerThis volume focuses on the emergent field of neuroethics comparing and contrasting how two democracies, Canada and the United States, have begun adapting public policy design to better fit human minds. The book focuses on issues relevant to all members of the general population and discusses a series of policy issues arranged roughly in the order in which they become relevant in a typical person’s lifetime. After the introductory chapter each chapter considers an area of public policy particularly relevant to a different stage of life—from early childhood education policy, to policies for higher education and the workplace, to end of life decisions in living wills and advance directives. The author puts forth that making the shift towards more neurologically appropriate policy will likely be a gradual process hampered primarily by two issues. The first is the inability of neuroscientists to come to agreement on increasingly sophisticated research findings. The second issue points out that bringing policy and neurology into a more synchronous relationship requires a commitment to prolonged effort involves the largely unrecognized reality of entrenched neurological interests. The first chapter introduces the concept of disconnect between policy design with traditional understandings of the brain and goes on to highlight developments in the science of human neurology in recent years. To help contextualize the book, examples of neurological misperceptions are explored in this introductory chapter. Chapters Two through Eleven each explores a specific type of policy, incorporating understandings of the human brain which, modern neuroscience suggests, are debatable.
Neuroethics and Nonhuman Animals (Advances in Neuroethics)
by Andrew Fenton L. Syd M Johnson Adam ShriverThis edited volume represents a unique addition to the available literature on animal ethics, animal studies, and neuroethics. Its goal is to expand discussions on animal ethics and neuroethics by weaving together different threads: philosophy of mind and animal minds, neuroscientific study of animal minds, and animal ethics. Neuroethical questions concerning animals’ moral status, animal minds and consciousness, animal pain, and the adequacy of animal models for neuropsychiatric disease have long been topics of debate in philosophy and ethics, and more recently also in neuroscientific research. The book presents a transdisciplinary blend of voices, underscoring different perspectives on the broad questions of how neuroscience can contribute to our understanding of nonhuman minds, and on debates over the moral status of nonhuman animals. All chapters were written by outstanding scholars in philosophy, neuroscience, animal behavior, biology, neuroethics, and bioethics, and cover a range of issues and species/taxa. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists and students interested in the debate on animal ethics, while also offering an important resource for future researchers. Chapter 13 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Neuroethics: An Introduction with Readings
by Martha J. Farah A. Robert Jean L. ToddieExplores the ethical, legal, and societal issues arising from brain imaging, psychopharmacology, and other new developments in neuroscience. Neuroscience increasingly allows us to explain, predict, and even control aspects of human behavior. The ethical issues that arise from these developments extend beyond the boundaries of conventional bioethics into philosophy of mind, psychology, theology, public policy, and the law. This broader set of concerns is the subject matter of neuroethics. In this book, leading neuroscientist Martha Farah introduces the reader to the key issues of neuroethics, placing them in scientific and cultural context and presenting a carefully chosen set of essays, articles, and excerpts from longer works that explore specific problems in neuroethics from the perspectives of a diverse set of authors. Included are writings by such leading scientists, philosophers, and legal scholars as Carl Elliot, Joshua Greene, Steven Hyman, Peter Kramer, and Elizabeth Phelps. Topics include the ethical dilemmas of cognitive enhancement; issues of personality, memory and identity; the ability of brain imaging to both persuade and reveal; the legal implications of neuroscience; and the many ways in which neuroscience challenges our conception of what it means to be a person. Neuroethics is an essential guide to the most intellectually challenging and socially significant issues at the interface of neuroscience and society. Farah's clear writing and well-chosen readings will be appreciated by scientist and humanist alike, and the inclusion of questions for discussion in each section makes the book suitable for classroom use. Contributors Zenab Amin, Ofek Bar-Ilan, Richard G. Boire, Philip Campbell, Turhan Canli, Jonathan Cohen, Robert Cook-Degan, Lawrence H. Diller, Carl Elliott, Martha J. Farah, Rod Flower, Kenneth R. Foster, Howard Gardner, Michael Gazzaniga, Jeremy R. Gray, Henry Greely, Joshua Greene, John Harris, Andrea S. Heberlein, Steven E. Hyman, Judy Iles, Eric Kandel, Ronald C. Kessler, Patricia King, Adam J. Kolber, Peter D. Kramer, Daniel D. Langleben, Steven Laureys, Stephen J. Morse, Nancey Murphy, Eric Parens, Sidney Perkowitz, Elizabeth A. Phelps, President's Council on Bioethics, Eric Racine, Barbara Sahakian, Laura A. Thomas, Paul M. Thompson, Stacey A. Tovino, Paul Root Wolpe
Neuroethics: Mapping the Field
by Steven J. MarcusThis volume contains the proceedings of a two-day multidisciplinary conference on the ethical implications of brain research organized by Stanford University and the University of California, San Francisco. Leaders in neuroscience, journalism, law, and philosophy, among other fields, engaged in a freewheeling debate on the social and individual effects of the research. Steven Marcus has edited their formal and informal deliberations to present a compelling first-hand account of the proceedings, providing a highly readable front-row seat about the first-ever symposium on neuroethics.
Neurofibromatoses in Clinical Practice
by D. Gareth Evans Susan Huson Rosalie E FernerNeurofibromatoses in Clinical Practice provides a succinct, accessible guide to the neurofibromatoses including diagnosis, management protocols and indications for referral to specialist centers. Neurocutaneous diseases are complex to diagnose and treat and many patients require specialist multidisciplinary management and surveillance. Due to multiple disease manifestations, patients can present to different clinicians without specialist expertise - general practitioners, pediatricians, neurologists, geneticists, surgeons and ophthalmologists. The clinically focused format will enable rapid consultation during clinics, facilitate disease pattern recognition, and indicate care pathways. The clinical quiz highlights common pitfalls in diagnosis and management and a glossary and reference section provide details for access to specialist NF clinics throughout the UK and internationally. Written by experts in the field Neurofibromatoses in Clinical Practice is a succinct and practical guide for consultants in training and practice, general practitioners and specialist nurses.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
by Meena Upadhyaya David N CooperNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), caused by mutational inactivation of the NF1 tumour suppressor gene, is one of the most common dominantly inherited human disorders, affecting 1 in 3000 individuals worldwide. This book presents in concise fashion, but as comprehensively as possible, our current state of knowledge on the molecular genetics, molecular biology and cellular biology of this tumour predisposition syndrome. Written by internationally recognized experts in the field, the 44 chapters that constitute this edited volume provide the reader with a broad overview of the clinical features of the disease, the structure and expression of the NF1 gene, its germ line and somatic mutational spectra and genotype-phenotype relationships, the structure and function of its protein product (neurofibromin), NF1 modifying loci, the molecular pathology of NF1-associated tumours, animal models of the disease, psycho-social aspects and future prospects for therapeutic treatment.
Neurogenesis and Neural Plasticity
by Catherine Belzung Peter WigmoreThis volume brings together authors working on a wide range of topics to provide an up to date account of the underlying mechanisms and functions of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in the adult brain. With an increasing understanding of the role of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis it is possible to envisage improvements or novel treatments for a number of diseases and the possibility of harnessing these phenomena to reduce the impact of ageing and to provide mechanisms to repair the brain.
Neurogenesis in the Adult Brain II
by Arturo Alvarez-Buylla Tatsunori Seki Jack M. Parent Kazunobu SawamotoThe discovery of adult neurogenesis caused a paradigm shift in the neurosciences. For more than 100 years, it was believed that adult neurons do not regenerate. Joseph Altman and Fernando Nottebohm found proof to the contrary and changed the course of history. Their research, included here, provides the foundations of the field. Today, adult neurogenesis is a rapidly expanding discipline applicable to the study of brain development and diseases, learning and memory, aging, and neuropsychiatric disorders. With multiple authors, the 27 chapters of this book contain the latest work in two volumes. The first presents the basic biology of adult neurogenesis in non-mammalian vertebrates and in the mammalian hippocampus and olfactory bulb, and the second discusses clinical implications and delves into adult neurogenesis and brain injury as well as neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric pathologies. With details of the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of the two neurogenic brain regions, this book provides indispensable knowledge for many areas of neuroscience and for experimental and clinical applications of adult neurogenesis to brain therapy.
Neurogenetics
by Nicholas T. PotterAn international panel of recognized academic physicians, researchers, and clinical laboratory diagnosticians describe their best methods for characterizing neurologically relevant genes, their mutations, and their proteins. Providing detailed step-by-step instructions to assure successful experimental results, these experts cover the key methods for mutation detection and screening, including discussions of quantitative PCR, trinucleotide repeat detection, sequence-based mutation detection, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in vitro protein expression systems, and studies of protein expression and function.
Neurogenetics of Psychiatric Disorders (Medical Psychiatry Series)
by Akira Sawa Melvin G. McInnisTranslating bench-based research into effective bedside practice, this source provides a clear understanding of the neurobiology and neurogenetics of psychiatric disorders, the genes responsible for specific psychiatric disorders, and the implications of genetic roots and underlying biology on the development of new diagnostic approaches and treatment therapies.
Neurogenetics: A Guide for Clinicians
by Nicholas W. WoodProgress in genetic knowledge is profoundly affecting medical practice, and no clinical specialty has more diseases associated with genetic mutations than neurology. As a more complete picture of the genes which give rise to neurological disease is obtained, trainee and practising neurologists need a guide to basic principles and the more important clinical entities with a genetic component. It is against this background that Neurogenetics: A Guide for Clinicians has been written. The book opens with coverage of genetic testing and counselling. Subsequent chapters discuss genetic factors for all the major neurological diseases, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and muscular dystrophies. No book in this field can hope to be fully up to date with the latest research; rather this work provides a framework on which to add new genetic discoveries. Neurogenetics: A Guide for Clinicians provides a synoptic overview for neurologists, medical geneticists and scientists working in the field.
Neurogenetics: Current Topics in Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology (Learning Materials in Biosciences)
by Boris EggerThis textbook provides students with knowledge of neurogenetics, neurogenesis, neuronal specification and function, neuronal networks, learning and memory formation, brain evolution, and neurodegenerative diseases.Students are introduced to topics of classical developmental genetics as well as modern molecular and neurogenetic methods. Using a wealth of examples from current research, the textbook takes a strong applied approach. Using animal models such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans as well as mammalian systems, the interrelationships between genes, neurons, nervous systems, and behaviour under normal and pathological conditions are illustrated. The textbook aims encourage students to address biological questions in neurogenetics and to think about the design of their own experiments. It targets primarily master and graduate students in neurobiology, but is also a valuable teaching tool for instructors in these fields.
Neurogenetics: Scientific and Clinical Advances (Neurological Disease and Therapy)
by David R. LynchStanding at the forefront of neurogenetic medicine, this reference supplies the tools and information required by clinicians to become familiar with modern neurogenetic approaches and apply the data gleaned from these technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of neurogenetic disorders, as well as traditionally non-genetic conditions such as Parki
Neurogenic Dysphagia
by Tobias Warnecke Rainer Dziewas Susan LangmoreThis book is a clinical manual that covers the whole spectrum of swallowing and its disorders. It starts with physiology of swallowing, pathophysiology of disordered deglutition, diagnostic methods (clinical and instrumental) and ends with an in-depth’s and up-to-date presentation of current treatment options. The clinically most relevant topics of dysphagia management on the stroke unit and the intensive care unit are dealt with in separate chapters. Also the closely intertwined issue of nutritional management is specifically addressed. Most importantly, the book covers all obligatory topics of the Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)-curriculum, an educational initiative that started in Germany in 2014 and is currently being extended to other European and non-European countries. The book is richly illustrated and an online video section provides a number of typical patient cases. FEES is probably the most commonly chosen method for the objective assessment of swallowing and its disorders. It is used in stroke units, intensive care facilities, geriatric wards but also in rehabilitation clinics and within dedicated outpatient services. This book on neurogenic dysphagia therefore addresses a wide range of different medical disciplines, such as neurologists, geriatricians, intensive care physicians, rehabilitation physicians, gastroenterologists, otolaryngologists, phoniatrists and also speech-language pathologists.
Neurogeriatrie: ICF-basierte Diagnose und Behandlung
by John E. Morley Jürgen Bauer Walter Maetzler Richard Dodel Andreas H. Jacobs Günther DeuschlIn diesem Buch werden die Funktionseinschränkungen des Alters beschrieben, die führend durch Erkrankungen des Nervensystems bedingt sind. Basierend auf der Internationalen Klassifikation der Funktionsfähigkeit, Behinderung und Gesundheit (ICF) werden die einzelnen Themen in Bezug auf Diagnose und Therapie dargestellt. Der Behandler wird so geschult, den Fokus der Arbeits- und Denkweise der Altersmedizin nicht primär auf die Grunderkrankung, sondern auf die Funktionseinbuße zu lenken und damit das Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis einer medizinischen Maßnahme sorgfältig abzuwägen
Neuroglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1175)
by Vladimir Parpura Alexei Verkhratsky Margaret S. Ho Robert ZorecThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of neuroglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia are the most abundant cells in the nervous system and consist of several distinct cell types, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,and microglia. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuroglia participate in the neurodegenerative process, and as such are essential players in a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. Intended for researchers and students, the book presents recent advances concerning the biology of neuroglia as well as their interaction with neurons during disease progression. In addition, to highlight the function of neuroglia in different types of neurodegenerative disease, it also discusses their mechanisms and effects on protecting or damaging neurons.
Neurohistology and Imaging Techniques (Neuromethods #153)
by Wolfgang Walz Radek Pelc J. Ronald DoucetteThis volume explores major light microscopic imaging modalities that can be used to view nervous tissue, and discusses the steps needed to use each of them, and ways to interpret the data. The chapters in this book cover topics such as atlasing of insect brain; neuroanatomical tracing through fluorochrome expression; fluorescent probes for amyloids; or optical clearing for ultramicroscopy of GFP-expressing tissues. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neurohistology and Imaging Techniques is a valuable resource for both expert and novice users of major light microscopic imaging techniques, and those interested in exploring alternate imaging tools.
Neurohospitalist Medicine
by S. Andrew Josephson W. David Freeman David J. LikoskyOver the past decade, the hospitalist model has become a dominant system for the delivery of inpatient care. Forces such as national mandates to improve safety and quality, and intense pressure to safely reduce length of hospital stays, are now exerting pressure on neurologists. To meet these challenges, a new neurohospitalist model is emerging. This is the first authoritative text to detail the advances and strategies for treating neurologic disease in a hospital setting. It includes chapters on specific acute neurologic diseases including stroke, epilepsy, neuromuscular disease and traumatic brain injury and also addresses common reasons for neurologic consultation in the hospital including encephalopathy, electrolyte disturbances and neurologic complications of pregnancy. Ethical and structural issues commonly encountered in neurologic inpatients are also addressed. This will be a key resource for any clinician or trainee caring for neurologic patients in the hospital including practising neurologists, internists and trainees across multiple subspecialities.
Neuroimaging Diagnosis for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
by Hiroshi Matsuda Takashi Asada Aya Midori TokumaruThis book describes the latest modalities such as tau PET imaging for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and also provides information on handling and analyzing imaging data that is not found in other books. In addition, it introduces routine imaging studies in the management of dementia in Japan. The prevalence of dementia has increased over the past few decades, either because of greater awareness and more accurate diagnosis, or because increased longevity has created a larger population of the elderly, the age group most commonly affected. Although only clinical assessment can lead to a diagnosis of dementia, neuroimaging in dementia is recommended by most clinical guidelines, and its adjunct role has traditionally been to exclude a mass lesion rather than to support a specific diagnosis. Neuroimaging may be also helpful for developing new strategies to achieve diagnoses as early as possible for therapies aimed at slowing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases manifesting dementia. Under these conditions, all clinicians and researchers who are involved in neuroimaging for dementia should decide which patients to scan, when imaging patients is most useful, which modality to use, how to handle imaging data from many institutions, and which analytical tool to use. This edition comprises contributions from leading Japanese experts in their fields.
Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia
by Daniel Thomas Ginat Juan E. Small Pamela Whitney SchaeferThis book reviews the imaging features associated with selected classes of pharmaceuticals and drugs on brain, head and neck, and spine and explains the implications of the imaging findings for the neuroradiologist and the clinician. Some agents produce characteristic abnormalities with distinctive imaging features, while others have a spectrum of manifestations on imaging. Still further agents produce rather nonspecific changes on imaging, requiring a differential diagnosis. In this book, informative cases are depicted by rich images, with concise accompanying explanatory text that reviews the class of agent and the mechanism of action and discusses image interpretation and its significance.
Neuroimaging Pharmacopoeia
by Daniel Thomas Ginat Juan E. Small Pamela Whitney SchaeferThis book, now in a revised and updated second edition, reviews the imaging-relevant features of selected classes of pharmaceuticals and drugs regarding CNS and head and neck images. The agents discussed belong to classes like Drugs and Alcohol; Contrast Agents; Chemotherapy; Immunotherapy; Antibiotics, Antiviral Agents, and Vaccines; Antiepilectic and Antipsychotic Agents; and Hematologic Agents, each of which is addressed in a separate chapter. The book’s closing part addresses agents from various other classes. For each class, concise texts and rich images review and illustrate the mechanism of action. All chapters from the previous edition have been extensively updated, and new chapters on certain pharmaceuticals have been added. Highlighting the implications of these agents for imaging findings, the book offers an excellent resource for neuroradiologists and clinicians alike.
Neuroimaging Techniques in Clinical Practice: Physical Concepts and Clinical Applications
by Manoj Mannil Sebastian F.-X. WinklhoferThis book provides a concise overview of emerging technologies in the field of modern neuroimaging. Fundamental principles of the main imaging modalities are described as well as advanced imaging techniqes including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, arterial spin labeling, diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, and artificial intelligence. The physical concepts underlying each imaging technique are carefully and clearly explained in a way suited to a medical audience without prior technical knowledge. In addition, the clinical applications of the various techniques are described with the aid of illustrative clinical examples. Helpful background information is also presented on the core principles of MRI and the evolution of neuroimaging, and important references to current medical research are highlighted. The book will meet the needs of a range of non-technological professionals with an interest in advanced neuroimaging, including radiology researchers and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.
Neuroimaging in Addiction
by Elliot A. Stein Bryon AdinoffNeuroimaging in Addiction presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the functional and structural imaging human studies that have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex disorder. Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions.The internationally recognized contributors to this volume are leaders in clinical imaging with expertise that spans the addiction spectrum.Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis and treatment of addictive disorders.Scientists and clinicians will find the material in this volume invaluable in their work towards understanding the addicted brain, with the overall goal of improved prevention and treatment outcomes for patients.Features a Foreword by Edythe London, Director of the Center for Addictive Behaviors, University of California at Los Angeles.