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Neuronal Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2311)
by Martyn K. White Shohreh AminiThis second edition volume details the latest aspects of neural cells covering the practical and theoretical considerations of each techniques involved. Chapters guide readers through a general overview of the neuronal culturing principles, cell line models for neural cells, the isolation and propagation of primary cultures, stem cells, transfection and transduction of neural cultures, and other more advanced techniques. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and easy to use, Neuronal Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be of interest to scientists at all levels studying cell culture models for neuroscientific studies.
Neuronal Cell Death
by Adalberto Merighi Laura LossiThis volume represents a valuable and readily reproducible collection of established and emerging techniques for neuronal cell death research. Conveniently divided into four parts, sections cover a series of techniques for the molecular, structural, functional and genomic characterization of dying neurons, a number of protocols that are of primary interest in neuropathology and in experimental neuropathology, a series of gene engineering techniques to obtain and manipulate neuronal stem cells and progenitors, to prepare HSV-1 vectors for the gene therapy, and to CNS transplantation of bone marrow stem cells, and finally, some very interesting protocols for the study of cell death in non-mammalian models. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve a large audience of scientists that are currently active in the field or are willing to enter such an exciting and still expanding area of neurobiology.
Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2515)
by Arezu Jahani-AslThis volume covers comprehensive methods on ways to assess structural and ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and microglia using state-of-the-art microscopy techniques including super-resolution imaging, electron microscopy, and ultra-high field MRI. The chapters in this book cover topics such as analysis of neurodegeneration in the post-mortem characterization of preclinical animal models, in vivo modeling in cell death in different model systems and brain organoids, single cell clonal analysis using Mosaic Analysis with Double Markers in genetic mouse models, and genome and proteomic methods for analysis of mRNA dynamics and quantitation of targeted peptides. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Neuronal Cell Death: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any scientist and researcher interested in learning more about this developing field.
Neuronal Dynamics
by Wulfram Gerstner Werner M. Kistler Richard Naud Liam PaninskiWhat happens in our brain when we make a decision? What triggers a neuron to send out a signal? What is the neural code? This textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students provides a thorough and up-to-date introduction to the fields of computational and theoretical neuroscience. It covers classical topics, including the Hodgkin-Huxley equations and Hopfield model, as well as modern developments in the field such as Generalized Linear Models and decision theory. Concepts are introduced using clear step-by-step explanations suitable for readers with only a basic knowledge of differential equations and probabilities, and are richly illustrated by figures and worked-out examples. End-of-chapter summaries and classroom-tested exercises make the book ideal for courses or for self-study. The authors also give pointers to the literature and an extensive bibliography, which will prove invaluable to readers interested in further study.
Neuronal Network Analysis
by Tommaso Fellin Michael HalassaIn the last few years, technologies that allow for monitoring and manipulating neuronal networks at a single cell resolution have been rapidly expanding. In Neuronal Network Analysis: Concepts and Experimental Approaches, experts in the field provide an overview of some of the most advanced techniques for the study of neuronal circuits, highlighting current technical limitations and providing a vision of what is yet to come. Broken into six convenient, interdependent section, this volume covers optical approaches, electrophysiological approaches, both in vitro and in vivo, optogenetics, morpho-functional approaches, and neuronal network analysis in humans. As a volume in the Neuromethods series, this work provides the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Neuronal Network Analysis: Concepts and Experimental Approaches will be useful for early career neuroscientists, as well as for experienced neuroscientists, by providing a practical framework for studying the brain as an organ while maintaining an appreciation for its cellular diversity.
Neuronal Network Dynamics in 2D and 3D in vitro Neuroengineered Systems
by Monica FregaThe bookpresents a new, powerful model of neuronal networks, consisting of athree-dimensional neuronal culture in which 3D neuronal networks are coupled tomicro-electrode-arrays (MEAs). It discusses the main advantages of thethree-dimensional system compared to its two-dimensional counterpart, and showsthat the network dynamics, recorded during both spontaneous and stimulatedactivity, differs between the two models, with the 3D system being better ableto emulate the in vivo behaviour of neural networks. The book offers anextensive analysis of the system, from the theoretical background, to itsdesign and applications in neuro-pharmacological studies. Moreover, itincludes a concise yet comprehensive introduction to both 2D and 3D neuronalnetworks coupled to MEAs, and discusses the advantages, limitations andchallenges of their applications as cellular and tissue-like in vitro experimental model systems.
Neuronal Oscillations of Wakefulness and Sleep: Windows on Spontaneous Activity of the Brain
by Thien Thanh Dang-Vu Richard CourtemancheThe purpose of this work is to review recent findings highlighting the mechanisms and functions of the neuronal oscillations that structure brain activity across the sleep-wake cycle. An increasing number of studies conducted in humans and animals, and using a variety of techniques ranging from intracellular recording to functional neuroimaging, has provided important insight into the mechanisms and functional properties of these brain rhythms. Studies of these rhythms are fundamental not only for basic neuroscience, but also for clinical neuroscience. At the basic science level, neuronal oscillations shape the interactions between different areas of the brain and profoundly impact neural responses to the environment, thereby mediating the processing of information in the brain. At the clinical level, brain oscillations are affected in numerous neurological conditions and might provide useful biomarkers that inform about patients’ evolution and vulnerability. During sleep, these brain rhythms could provide functional support to internal states that govern the basic maintenance of local circuit and systemic interactions. During wake, the rhythmicity of cortical and subcortical circuits have been linked with sensory processing, cognitive operations, and preparation for action. This book will attempt to link together these sleep and wake functional roles at the level of neuroimaging and electroencephalographic measures, local field potentials, and even at the cellular level.
Neurons and the DHA Principle
by Raymond C. Valentine David L. ValentineStudies with bacteria and other systems suggest that the omega-3 fatty acid DHA confers great benefits to neurons in maximizing both speed of neural impulses and energy efficiency. Unfortunately, studies also show that DHA's ease of oxidation damages membrane integrity. Exploring this duality, Neurons and the DHA Principle proposes a new model for
Neuroophthalmologie: Differentialdiagnostik in 100 Fallbeispielen
by Heimo Steffen Carina Kelbsch Felix Tonagel Oliver Job100+ Fallbeispiele: Praxiswissen, das hängen bleibtHäufig haben Patienten mit neuro-ophthalmologischen Störungen bereits eine „Ärzte-Odyssee“ hinter sich, bis die richtige Diagnose gestellt und eine adäquate Therapie eingeleitet wird. Da Patienten mit neuro-ophthalmologischen Fragestellungen nicht häufig in der augenärztlichen Praxis sind, erfordern sie vom Arzt eine aufwändige Erstuntersuchung und viel Sorgfalt und Erfahrung in der Diagnostik.Das Buch gibt anhand von zahlreichen klinischen Fallbeispielen eine fundierte Einführung in das Fachgebiet, sodass das neu erworbene theoretische Wissen gleich einen Praxisbezug bekommt. Es werden nicht nur neue Erkenntnisse und Therapien berücksichtigt, sondern auch die Optische Kohärenztomographie und die neuroradiologische Diagnostik integriert, ohne die eine neuroophthalmologische Sprechstunde heute undenkbar wäre. Trotzdem liegt der Schwerpunkt bei allen klinischen Fällen in der Anamnese und dem klinischen Befund, da diese trotz der modernen Bildgebungsmöglichkeiten, häufig der Schlüssel zur richtigen Diagnose sind.Zahlreiche Experten haben ihr Wissen hier zusammengetragen und erstmals in einer Fallsammlung komprimiert. Grafiken und differenzialdiagnostische Tabellen erleichtern dem Leser die schnelle Informationsaufnahme. Zahlreiche Abbildungen veranschaulichen die Fallbeispiele. Jedes Kapitel schließt mit einer kurzen Zusammenfassung. Für Ophthalmolog*innen aus Klinik und Praxis, die auch in diesem Fachgebiet up-to-date sein wollen.
Neuroorthopädie - Disability Management: Multiprofessionelle Teamarbeit und interdisziplinäres Denken
by Walter Michael Strobl Nils Schikora Elisabeth Pitz Claudia AbelSie arbeiten in einem interdisziplinären Team, das Kinder und Erwachsene mit komplexen neuromotorischen Erkrankungen und Behinderungen betreut, begleitet und behandelt? Dann bietet dieses Lehr- und Praxisbuch, in dem renommierte Autoren ihren Erfahrungsschatz aus Forschung und Praxis systematisch zusammengetragen und didaktisch aufbereitet haben, die perfekte Arbeitsgrundlage.Profitieren Sie vom Expertenwissen für die gemeinsame Arbeit in Praxis, Institution und Klinik! Zum Thema Neuroorthopädie hat das renommierte Team Abel C., Pitz E., Schikora N. und Strobl W. im Springer-Verlag publiziert: Strobl W., Schikora N., Pitz E., Abel C. (2020) Neuroorthopädie _ Disability Management.Strobl W., Abel C., Pitz E., Schikora N. (2020) Therapeutisches Arbeiten in der Neuroorthopädie
Neuropalliative Care: A Guide To Improving The Lives Of Patients And Families Affected By Neurologic Disease
by Claire J. Creutzfeldt Benzi M. Kluger Robert G. HollowayThis comprehensive guide thoroughly covers all aspects of neuropalliative care, from symptom-specific considerations, to improving communication between clinicians, patients and families. Neuropalliative Care: A Guide to Improving the Lives of Patients and Families Affected by Neurologic Disease addresses clinical considerations for diseases such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, and severe acute brain injury, as well discussing the other challenges facing palliative care patients that are not currently sufficiently met under current models of care. This includes methods of effective communication, supporting the caregiver, how to make difficult treatment decisions in the face of uncertainty, managing grief, guilt and anger, and treating the pain itself. Written by leaders in the field of neuropalliative care, this book is an exceptional, well-rounded resource of neuropalliative care, serving as a reference for all clinicians caring for patients with neurological disease and their families: neurologists and palliative care specialists, physicians, nurses, chaplains, social workers, as well as trainees in these areas.
Neuropathic Pain
by Cory Toth Dwight E. MoulinCentral or peripheral neuropathic pain can be caused by a wide range of injuries, infections and diseases such as: spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, stroke, herpes zoster, diabetes and cancer. Many of these pain syndromes are difficult to treat, representing a challenge for many neurologists not routinely trained in pain management. Written by an international team of experts in the field, Neuropathic Pain: Causes, Management and Understanding gives readers an in-depth understanding of the multitude of conditions causing neuropathic pain. Epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, pathophysiology, outcome measurement and the best evidence-based management of individual and general neuropathic pain conditions are also described in depth. A unique chapter, written from a patient's viewpoint, gives new insight into how chronic neuropathic pain affects the lives of those patients with the condition. This book is essential reading for all pain specialists, neurologists, psychiatrists and anesthesiologists who wish to better understand their patients' neuropathic pain.
Neuropathologie des Drogenmissbrauchs
by Andreas BüttnerDieses Buch bietet einen umfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Wissensstand zu Neuropathologien infolge von Drogenmissbrauch. In den ersten Kapiteln erhält der Leser detaillierte Informationen über die neurobiologischen Grundlagen des Drogenmissbrauchs und die Ergebnisse von Neuroimaging-Studien bei Drogenabhängigen. Der Schwerpunkt des Werks liegt auf neuropathologischen Befunden bei Drogenabhängigen für die vorherrschenden Substanzen, zu denen Cannabis, Opiate, Kokain, Amphetamin, Methamphetamin und ein breites Spektrum von Designerdrogen gehören. Diese Befunde werden durch histologische Abbildungen untermauert und im Zusammenhang mit aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen diskutiert. Das Buch enthält auch ein Kapitel, das sich speziell an Kliniker richtet und die Auswirkungen auf die weitere Therapie aufzeigt. Eine unverzichtbare Lektüre für Neuropathologen, Neurologen, Neuroradiologen und Psychiater sowie für andere Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe und Wissenschaftler, die sich für das Problem des Drogenmissbrauchs interessieren und engagieren.
Neuropathology Review
by Richard A. Prayson Jared T. AhrendsenAs scientific research continues to expand the scope of Neuropathology, the amount of information that both students and practicing pathologists must assimilate and master can be challenging, and at times even daunting. The previous editions of this book summarized the essentials of neuropathology with the goal of providing an overview of neuropathology and to provide a framework for preparing for in-service and board examinations. This third edition summarizes the essentials of neuropathology in outline form. The objectives are twofold: 1) to provide an overview of neuropathology for those initially encountering the discipline and, 2) to provide a framework for review for those preparing for in-service and board examinations in the disciplines of neurology, neurosurgery, and pathology, which require some knowledge of neuropathology. The book provides an update of the essential elements of the neuropathology curriculum for all those seeking a concise, up-to-date overview of the subject. Topics range from basic information on the spectrum of neurologic-related disease to pertinent pictorial examples of many neuropathologic conditionsThe first part presents basic information on the spectrum of neurologic-related disease (Chapters 1-11). A set of self-assessment questions, some of which include key images for review, are included at the end of each chapter. These are designed to aid with comprehension and understanding of the material. The second part (Chapters 12 and 13) present pertinent pictorial examples of a spectrum of neuropathologic conditions in a question format with answers and brief explanations provided.Concise yet comprehensive, Neuropathology Review 3rd Edition provides an easy-to-use refresher course for those working pathologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons wishing to update their skills and knowledge.
Neuropathology Simplified
by David A. Hilton Aditya G. ShivaneThis book provides the reader with an up-to-date, practical and succinct overview of basic neuropathology. It does not replace large reference textbooks in neuropathology but emphasizes key concepts and basic principles including recent advances, genetics and classification, and discusses important aspects of specific neuropathological disorders. It also gives practical hints on aspects of neuropathology, including how to best use the neuropathology service and interpret the results of pathological tests. The reader will gain a sufficiently broad basic knowledge of neuropathology which will be of use in their future clinical careers. Neuropathology Simplified is aimed at trainees and residents in neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry around the world. It may also be of use to basic scientists involved in neuroscience research and also to general histopathology trainees and residents.
Neuropathology Simplified: A Guide for Clinicians and Neuroscientists
by David A. Hilton Aditya G. ShivaneThis updated second edition provides a practical and succinct overview of basic neuropathology. Key concepts and basic principles are covered and discussed with particular focus on recent advances, classification, and genetics. Practical points are included to detail how to best use the neuropathology service and interpret the results of pathological tests. Neuropathology Simplified aims to aid the development of multidisciplinary teams and help clinical trainees understand recent advances in neuropathological disorders. The book is also relevant to trainee and resident neurologists, pathologists, and neurosurgeons.
Neuropathology of Brain Tumors with Radiologic Correlates
by Meghana ChouguleThis highly illustrated book explores the pathological and radiological diagnosis of various brain tumors. Featuring nearly 500 high-quality colored images, it covers MR images, intra-operative squash cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry microphotographs of various brain and spine tumors, including differential diagnosis, as well as the molecular diagnosis and prognosis of each tumor. The book also presents case studies of typical and rare presentations, and introduces readers to a new procedure for intra-operative cytology: the modified fields stain, which stains the slide within 2 minutes, allowing quick, accurate reporting. This book uses concise text and a consistent point-wise format that makes reading and reviewing easy. The radiological and pathological correlates of brain and spine tumors serve as a ready-reference resource for residents, surgical and neuropathologists, neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists and research scientists.
Neuropathology of Drug Abuse
by Andreas BüttnerThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge concerning neuropathologies resulting from drug abuse. The first chapters offer readers detailed information on the neurobiological basics of drug abuse and the results of neuroimaging studies in drug abusers. The focus of the book is on neuropathological findings in drug abusers for the predominant substances, which include cannabis, opiates, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine and a broad spectrum of designer drugs. These findings are supported by histological illustrations and discussed in connection with recent scientific publications. A chapter specifically addressing clinicians is also included, and highlights the implications for further therapy. The book is essential reading for neuropathologists, neurologists, neuroradiologists and psychiatrists, as well as other health professionals and scientists interested and engaged in the problem of drug abuse. Although a great deal of data has been derived from animal models and from human neuroimaging studies, little is known about the morphological effects of drug abuse on the human brain. In recent years, fundamental drug-induced effects on the cellular elements of the brain have been detected. These alterations might not only be the substrate of the neuroimaging data but might also have implications for clinical research and therapy. In addition, drug abuse may induce premature neurodegeneration.
Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases
by Gabor G. KovacsThis practical guide to the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases discusses modern molecular techniques, morphological classification, fundamentals of clinical symptomology, diagnostic pitfalls and immunostaining protocols. It is based on the proteinopathy concept of neurodegenerative disease, which has influenced classification and provides new strategies for therapy. Numerous high-quality images, including histopathology photomicrographs and neuroradiology scans, accompany the description of morphologic alterations and interpretation of immunoreactivities. Diagnostic methods and criteria are placed within recent developments in neuropathology, including the now widespread application of immunohistochemistry. To aid daily practice, the guide includes diagnostic algorithms and offers personal insights from experienced experts in the field. Special focus is given to the way brain tissue should be handled during diagnosis. This is a must-have reference for medical specialists and specialist medical trainees in the fields of pathology, neuropathology and neurology working with neuropathologic features of neurodegenerative diseases.
Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Routledge Revivals)
by Edwin E. DanielFirst published in 1991: This book assimilates and evaluates the rapidly accumulating information regarding neuropeptides in the gut, their chemistry; genetic control; processing in enteric nerves; the projections of their nerves; their actions at the tissue, cell, and molecular levels; and their roles in controlling gut motility in health and disease. Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract is directed to scientists in all disciplines who work with neuropeptides, as well as physiologists interested in the neural and smooth muscle actions of neuropeptides.
Neuropeptide Protocols
by G. Brent Irvine Carvell H. WilliamsLeading scientists offer an unprecedented suite of master protocols for analyzing neuropeptide structure and function using optimized classic methods and the latest state-of-the-art techniques. This comprehensive collection includes valuable techniques for extracting and purifying neuropeptides from biological sources, for their sequence determination by Edman degradation and PCR, and for the solid-phase synthesis and purification of peptides and peptide analogs. Also covered are physical techniques for the characterization of synthetic or natural peptides, methods for immunocytochemical sample preparation and visualization at both light and electron levels, and techniques for neuropeptide-receptor interaction. Chapters on molecular modeling, radioisotopic labeling, production of antisera, the measurement of efflux from brain to blood, and the assay and inhibition of neuropeptidases complete this indispensable collection of readily reproducible protocols.
Neuropeptide Techniques
by Illana GozesNeuropeptides exhibit multiple functions as hormones and regulators. As such, many techniques are required to understand the contribution and functions of neuropeptides in health and disease processes. Research in the neuropeptide field is aimed toward a better understanding of the physiology of the human body and toward the development of better diagnostics and therapeutics. This book will familiarize the audience with forefront techniques in the field.
Neuropeptide Y Protocols
by Ambikaipakan BalasubramaniamA strong cohort of established investigators from a variety of disciplines detail their best techniques for advancing NPY research. Among the many readily reproducible methods described are those for cloning, for the production of transgenic and knockout models, and for the use of antisense technology to define the receptors and the signal transduction pathways mediating NPY actions. A range of the major qualitative and quantitative techniques used to study tissue mRNA distribution are also included, as well as methods for radioligand binding. Highly practical and state-of-the-art, Neuropeptide Y Protocols constitutes a gold-standard collection of proven techniques for advancing today's understanding of this significant neuropeptide, as well as for developing the promising NPY-based therapeutics now emerging for many important disorders.
Neuropeptides
by Adalberto MerighiSince the early days, the field of neuropeptide biology has dramatically widened, and today the ultimate frontiers in neuropeptide research lie in the development of pharmacologically active compounds that are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier to exert their biological role(s) in vivo and in the construction of genetic vectors to be employed in gene therapy. Neuropeptides: Methods and Protocols presents a readily reproducible collection of established and emerging techniques for neuropeptide research as contributed by expert researchers in the field. The detailed methods presented cover subjects such as immunocytochemical localization, biochemical characterization, functional analysis, development and production of genetic probes, and the design of neuropeptide derivatives for cellular neurobiology as well as the potential therapeutic applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easy to follow, Neuropeptides: Methods and Protocols is intended for a large audience of scientists, including histologists, biochemists, cellular and molecular biologists, and electrophysiologists that are currently active in the field or are willing to enter this exciting and still expanding area of neurobiology.
Neuropeptides in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration
by Fred J. NybergAlthough the genomic era is no longer in its infancy, the life sciences are still facing questions about the role of endogenous proteins and peptides in homeostasis and pathologies. Delving into one of the most current fields of interest in biology and medicine, Neuropeptides in Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration describes the impact of neuropep