- Table View
- List View
Oversight and Review of Clinical Gene Transfer Protocols
by Rebecca N. Koehler Lawrence O. Gostin Board on Health Sciences Policy Institute of Medicine Committee on the Independent Review and Assessment of the Activities of the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee Bruce M. AltevogtGene transfer research is a rapidly advancing field that involves the introduction of a genetic sequence into a human subject for research or diagnostic purposes. Clinical gene transfer trials are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at the federal level and to oversight by institutional review boards (IRBs) and institutional biosafety committees (IBCs) at the local level before human subjects can be enrolled. In addition, at present all researchers and institutions funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are required by NIH guidelines to submit human gene transfer protocols for advisory review by the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC). Some protocols are then selected for individual review and public discussion. Oversight and Review of Clinical Gene Transfer Protocols provides an assessment of the state of existing gene transfer science and the current regulatory and policy context under which research is investigated. This report assesses whether the current oversight of individual gene transfer protocols by the RAC continues to be necessary and offers recommendations concerning the criteria the NIH should employ to determine whether individual protocols should receive public review. The focus of this report is on the standards the RAC and NIH should use in exercising its oversight function. Oversight and Review of Clinical Gene Transfer Protocols will assist not only the RAC, but also research institutions and the general public with respect to utilizing and improving existing oversight processes.
Overtraining Syndrome in Athletes: A Comprehensive Review and Novel Perspectives
by Flavio CadegianiThis book discusses major changes in our understanding of the most prevalent non-orthopedic, sports-related condition – overtraining syndrome (OTS), arguing that it should be considered as the manifestation of burnout in athletes, rather than simply the result of excessive training. While the chronic adaptations of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems to exercise are well documented, those of the endocrine system are less well known, and adaptations of the hormonal ranges for athletes are yet to be determined. There is also a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, consistent assessment methods and biomarkers. This book offers a systematic review of the hormonal aspects of overtraining syndrome, and a comparison with sports-related syndromes triggered by chronic deprivation of different sorts, including the female athlete triad (and its derivative, RED-S) and burnout syndrome of the athlete (BSA). It demonstrates that these conditions, although studied separately from each other, may all be different manifestations of the same condition, leading to ‘maladaptive’ (dysfunctional forced adaptations to a hostile environment) changes in response to chronic depletion of energy and mechanisms of repair, causing multiple dysfunctions. The author proposes that OTS/Paradoxical Deconditioning Syndrome (PDS), RED-S/TRIAD and BSA are parts of a same condition, or at least a group of similar conditions. Further, the book offers a chronological overview of OTS, based on preliminary research. Given its broad scope, this concise reference book will appeal to a range of health professionals. It allows readers, including those without a strong academic background, to gain a systematic understanding of OTS.
Ovulation Induction: Evidence Based Guidelines for Daily Practice (Reproductive Medicine and Assisted Reproductive Techniques Series)
by Ben J. Cohlen, Evert J. P. van Santbrink and Joop S. E. LavenAnovulation – one of the most common causes of infertility – is here given a thorough review, with classification of the different subtypes, how they are diagnosed, how they are treated, and the possible complications and outcomes involved. This is a comprehensive evidence-based summary from an international expert team, with guidelines for daily practice clearly stated and summarized for your convenience.
Ovulation Induction and Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
by Roy HomburgOvulation induction and controlled ovarian stimulation lie at the very heart of treatment for infertility, but have been subject to a bewildering variety of variations and improvements over recent years. The Second Edition of this highly successful book updates the reader on the progress and developments in this area. Furthermore, it provides the busy clinician with a reliable overview of the principles involved and the management needed. As with the previous edition, the emphasis throughout this book is on logical evidence and evidence-based solutions supplemented with Professor Homburg's extensive clinical experience gleaned from more than forty years working in the field. A number of highly useful algorithms and explanatory tables reinforce this approach, ensuring that the reader is presented with easy-to-grasp, well-presented information that maximizes clarity and understanding This book offers a concise, no-nonsense, practical guide to ovulation induction and controlled ovarian stimulation and will be an essential resource for the general gynaecologists, fertility specialists and trainees, health workers and students.
Ovulation Stimulation with Gonadotropins
by Jean-Claude EmperaireHow does one learn to stimulate ovulation? Often by oneself, when there is no opportunity to benefit from a mentor's experience. But options abound regarding the evaluation strategy, protocol design, gonadotropin preparations, posology, treatment duration, and when and how to trigger ovulation. Proper, safe stimulation requires critical anticipation of ovarian reactions. There seems to be little evidence-based consensus in the field of ovarian stimulation. Though they all face the same situation, there seem to be nearly as many procedures as there are clinicians in the field; as a result, approaches may vary within a given fertility center or even in the same team. Even though efforts have been made to arrive at a general consensus, the basic guidelines are often reinterpreted according to individual inclinations; hence the need to turn to experience-based decisions. This book is based on the author's experience gathered over forty years and more than 30,000 cycles of classical and IVF ovulation stimulations, particularly the thousand most recent cycles that resulted in a clinical pregnancy. It is not intended as a "perfect solution", as other approaches certainly remain valid. Rather, the book presents the author's own analysis and insights gained from managing thousands of stimulation cycles.
The Owner's Manual Diet
by Michael F. Roizen Mehmet OzBetween your full-length mirror and high-school biology class, you probably think you know a lot about the human body. While it's true that we live in an age when we're as obsessed with our bodies as we are with celebrity hairstyles, the reality is that most of us know very little about what chugs, churns, and thumps throughout this miraculous, scientific, and artistic system of anatomy. Yes, you've owned your skin-covered shell for decades, but you probably know more about your cell-phone plan than you do about your own body. When it comes to your longevity and quality of life, understanding your internal systems gives you the power, authority, and ability to live a healthier, younger, and better life. The flagship book of the YOU series, which spawned three subsequent New York Times bestsellers, has now been expanded and updated to make you understand your body even better-perhaps too well. YOU: The Owner's Manual, Updated and Expanded Edition challenges your preconceived notions about how the human body works and ages, then takes you on a tour through all of the highways, back roads, and landmarks inside of you. In this update, the doctors have included a new chapter on the liver and pancreas, which will finally demystify the most exotic parts of our bodies; a new workout chapter that will finally get you moving; and nearly one hundred Q&As asked by you, the reader. It has also been updated throughout to give you up-to-the-minute know-how to not just understand what to do to keep fit, but also why and how. The book opens with a quiz, "How Well Do You Know Your Body?," which sets the stage for the following chapters. After taking the quiz, you'll learn about all of your blood-pumping, food-digesting, and keys-remembering systems and organs, including the heart, brain, lungs, immune system, bones, and sensory organs. Each chapter also contains common myths of the particular body part that the authors will debunk. Just as important, you'll get the facts and advice you need to keep your body running long and strong. You'll find out how diseases start and how they affect your body-as well as advice on how to prevent and beat conditions that threaten your quality of life. Complete with exercise tips, nutritional guidelines, simple lifestyle changes, and alternative approaches, YOU: The Owner's Manual, Updated and Expanded Edition gives you an easy, comprehensive, and life-changing how-to plan for fending off the gremlins of aging. To top it off, this new edition includes even more great-tasting and calorie-saving recipes as part of the Owner's Manual Diet-an eating plan that is designed with only one goal in mind: to help you live a younger life. Welcome to your body. Why don't you come on in and take a look around?
Owning the Sun: A People's History of Monopoly Medicine from Aspirin to COVID-19 Vaccines
by Alexander ZaitchikFor readers of Bad Blood and Empire of Pain, an authoritative look at monopoly medicine from the dawn of patents through the race for COVID-19 vaccines and how the privatization of public science has prioritized profits over peopleOwning the Sun tells the story of one of the most contentious fights in human history: the legal right to produce lifesaving medicines. Medical science began as a discipline geared toward the betterment of all human life, but the merging of research with intellectual property and the rise of the pharmaceutical industry warped and eventually undermined its ethical foundations. Since World War II, federally funded research has facilitated most major medical breakthroughs, yet these drugs are often wholly controlled by price-gouging corporations with growing international ambitions. Why does the U.S. government fund the development of medical science in the name of the public only to relinquish exclusive rights to drug companies, and how does such a system impoverish us, weaken our responses to crises, and, as in the cases of AIDS and COVID-19, put the world at risk? Outlining how generations of public health and science advocates have attempted to hold the line against Big Pharma and their allies in government, Alexander Zaitchik&’s first-of-its-kind history documents the rise of privatized medicine in the United States and its subsequent globalization. From the controversial arrival of patent-wielding German drug firms in the late nineteenth century to present-day coordination between industry and philanthropic organizations—including the influential Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation—that stymie international efforts to vaccinate the world against COVID-19, Owning the Sun tells one of the most important and least understood histories of our time.
The Oxford Handbook Of Clinical Psychology (Oxford Library Of Psychology)
by David H. BarlowThe exponential growth of clinical psychology since the late 1960s can be measured in part by the extensive-perhaps exhaustive-literature on the subject. This proliferation of writing has continued into the new century, and the field has come to be defined as much by its many topics as its many voices. <p><p> In addition to core sections on topics such as training, assessment, diagnosis, and intervention, the handbook includes valuable chapters devoted to new and emerging issues in the clinical field, including heath care reforms, cultural factors, and technological innovations and challenges. Each chapter offers a review of the most pertinent literature, outlining current issues and identifying possibilities for future research. <p> Featuring two chapters by Editor David H. Barlow -- one on changes during his own 40-year odyssey in the field, the other projecting ten themes for the future of clinical psychology -- The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology is a landmark publication that is sure to serve as the field's benchmark reference publication for years to come. It is an essential resource for students, clinicians, and researchers across the ever-growing clinical psychology community.
The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency (Oxford Library of Psychology Series)
by Philip Gable Matthew Miller Edward BernatThe use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study the human mind has seen tremendous growth across a vast array of disciplines due to increased ease of use and affordability of the technology. Typically, researchers study how the magnitude of the waves changes over time or how the rhythm (frequency) of the waves changes over time. <p><p>The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency is arguably the first book to comprehensively describe the ways to study how the frequency of the waves changes over time and how changes in frequency are linked to cognitive, affective, and motor processes.
The Oxford Handbook of Social Work in Health and Aging
by Daniel Kaplan Barbara BerkmanThis Second Edition of the Handbook addresses the evolving interdisciplinary health care context and the broader social work practice environment, as well as advances in the knowledge base which guides social work service delivery in health and aging. This includes recent enhancements in the theories of gerontology, innovations in clinical interventions, and major developments in the social policies that structure and finance health care and senior services. <p><p>In addition, the policy reforms of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act set in motion a host of changes in the United States healthcare system with potentially profound implications for the programs and services which provide care to older adults and their families. <p><p>In this volume, the most experienced and prominent gerontological health care scholars address a variety of populations that social workers serve, and the arenas in which they practice, followed by detailed recommendations of best practices for an array of physical and mental health conditions. The volume's unprecedented attention to diversity, health care trends, and implications for practice, research, policy make the publication a major event in the field of gerontological social work. <p><p>This is a Must-Read for all social work social work educators, practitioners, and students interested in older adults and their families.
Oxidants, Antioxidants And Free Radicals
by Steven I. Baskin and Harry SalemThis volume collates articles investigating antioxidant, oxidant and free radical research. It examines the role of such research in health and disease, particulary with respect to developing greater understanding about the many interactions between oxidants and antioxidants, and how such substances may act as natural protectants and /or natural toxicants.
Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology (Oxidative Stress and Disease #47)
by James N. CobleyOxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology unravels key physiological responses and adaptations to different redox-regulated exercise paradigms at the cell, tissue, and whole-body level in model systems and humans in health and disease. While the mechanistic details are still unclear, key intracellular redox indices seem to be dysregulated with age. Consequently, beneficial molecular responses to acute endurance exercise decline in older individuals. Recent research suggests that manipulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis by supplementing with the mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q10 for six weeks markedly improves physical function in older adults; i.e. it may be possible to maximise the benefits of exercise by manipulating the redox environment. The research described in this book suggests that significant translational potential exists with respect to cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. An international team of researchers documents the importance of redox biology in health and disease, especially when exercise is a clinically useful tool for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Features Defines essential redox biology reactions and concepts in exercise physiology Assesses key redox parameters in an in vivo human exercise context Identifies the challenges, opportunities and boundaries of current knowledge Includes a critique of the underlying mechanisms Summarises examples of translationally important research relating to disease states Related Titles Draper, N. & H. Marshall. Exercise Physiology for Health and Sports Performance (ISBN 978-0-2737-7872-1) Wackerhage, H., ed. Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction (ISBN 978-0-4156-0788-9)
Oxidative Neural Injury
by Sigrid C. VeaseyThis book examines the current evidence and research supporting the importance of oxidative injury in selected animal models of both neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury. Each chapter discusses oxidative injury in a selected model, analyzing the major cellular mechanisms that underpin the progression of neural injury. In addition to the analysis of these models, each chapter's purpose is to not only relate, but to also contrast the specific injury across models as a way of identifying the common and unique pathways of oxidative neural injury. Through this, each author presents possible fertile future directions for translational research for the identification of possible therapeutics.
Oxidative Stress: Human Diseases and Medicine
by Canhua Huang Yuanyuan ZhangThis book offers a systematic review of the cutting-edge knowledge in stress medicine. Cellular redox imbalance, resulting from overproduction of reactive oxide species (ROS), leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, pain, etc. In addition, ROS can induce post-translational modification of proteins and play roles through redox signaling pathways. In this book, the authors attempt to re-define the key concepts in oxidative stress, such as oxidative eustress and oxidative distress, revisit the pivotal signaling of oxidative stress in human diseases, and discuss the debate in current anti-oxidant strategies, such as natural products and drug repurposing. This book serves as a reference to graduate students and researchers in this growing field.
Oxidative Stress and Cardiorespiratory Function
by Mieczyslaw PokorskiCardiorespiratory function is prominently affected by oxidative stress. Cigarette smoking is the archetype of oxidative and nitrative stress and free radical formation. New adverse effects of smoking keep on propping up in research. The chapters provide the comprehensive view of new developments in this area regarding cardiovascular and lung function and muscle catabolism. Alterations in inflammatory cytokines and proteins as well as degradation of muscle proteins due to smoking, by far unrecognized, caused by oxidative stress also are presented. Much less is known about the effect of cognitive stress on vagally-mediated cardiorespiratory function and surprisingly, on vagal immune pathway. The experimental studies also show that clinically important meconium aspiration syndrome contains an oxidative trait which is amenable to antioxidative treatment. This volume creates a source of information on the damaging role of oxidative stress in cardiorespiratory function that has by far not been available.
Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Damage in Neurology
by Natan Gadoth Hans Hilmar GöbelThe role of free radicals and oxidative stress in neurological disorders has only recently been recognized, leaving clinical neurologists to seek in vain for information on the subject even in major textbooks. What published information there is may consist of brief reminders of the possible association of superoxidase dismutase with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and nitrous oxide with migraine. With luck they may also find information on the purported role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury. Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Damage in Neurology sets the record straight, focusing on clinical and research issues regarding the interplay of free radicals and the human nervous system. Crucially, the chapters cover numerous antioxidants and their possible therapeutic role in neurological disorders. Key illnesses such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's are analyzed, and chapters also examine more general issues such as the link between free radicals and inflammation of the central nervous system. Clinicians and laboratory researchers alike will find that this book augments their understanding not only of the widespread involvement of free radicals in the central nervous system but also of some uncertainties surrounding whether free radical damage in neurology plays a primary or secondary role.
Oxidative Stress and Hormesis in Evolutionary Ecology and Physiology
by David CostantiniThis book discusses oxidative stress and hormesis from the perspective of an evolutionary ecologist or physiologist. In the first of ten chapters, general historical information, definitions, and background of research on oxidative stress physiology, hormesis, and life history are provided. Chapters 2-10 highlight the different solutions that organisms have evolved to cope with the oxidative threats posed by their environments and lifestyles. The author illustrates how oxidative stress and hormesis have shaped diversity in organism life-histories, behavioral profiles, morphological phenotypes, and aging mechanisms. The book offers fascinating insights into how organisms work and how they evolve to sustain their physiological functions under a vast array of environmental conditions.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases - Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics
by Jordi CampsOxidative stress and inflammation underpin most diseases; their mechanisms are inextricably linked. For example, chronic inflammation is associated with oxidation, anti-inflammatory cascades are linked to decreased oxidation, increased oxidative stress triggers inflammation and redox balance inhibits the inflammatory cellular response. Whether or not oxidative stress and inflammation represent the causes or the consequences of cellular pathology, they contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of non-communicable diseases. The incidence of obesity and other related metabolic disturbances are rising, as are age-related diseases due to progressively aging populations. Interrelations between the mechanisms of oxidative stress and of inflammatory signaling and metabolism are, in the broad sense of energy transformation, being increasingly recognized as part of the problem in non-communicable diseases. The book Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Non-communicable Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives in Therapeutics is an update on the latest research on the molecular basis of non-communicable diseases and the search for possible therapeutic alternatives. The authors of this monograph are experts in their field and the book as a whole, provides an overview of the biochemical alterations underlying diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, renal disease, neurological diseases and diabetes, emphasizing those aspects that they share in common. We hope that this book will be useful for researchers in biomedicine and also for physicians interested in finding the root causes of the disease, as well as for post-graduate students in biochemistry, molecular biology, nutrition or medicine.
Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation
by Ursula Jakob Dana ReichmannMany physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.
Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Reproductive Biology and Medicine: A Comprehensive Update on Male Infertility- Volume One (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1358)
by Kavindra Kumar Kesari Shubhadeep RoychoudhuryThis book discusses the role of oxidative stress in human reproduction with a focus on men’s health. The physiological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in male fertility are the focus in this book. This topic is important because oxidative stress is a result of the imbalance between ROS and antioxidants in the body which may lead to sperm damage (DNA or count), deformity, and eventually, male infertility. Therefore, for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to male genotoxicity and its regulation in infertility, this book provides an up-to-date view on the impact of oxidative stress factors in male reproduction . The main aim of this book is to collect a series of research articles and reviews from a diverse group of scientists to share their research work on the role of ROS or oxidative stress in physiological and pathological states in relation to (in)fertility in the male. This book presents various state-of-the-art chapters of the recent progress in the field of cellular toxicology and clinical manifestations of various issues related to men’s health and fertility. Topics include cell signaling, DNA damage and infertility, the pathophysiology of disease instigation and distribution, immune toxicity and prevention.
Oxidative Stress and Toxicity in Reproductive Biology and Medicine: A Comprehensive Update on Male Infertility Volume II (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #1391)
by Shubhadeep Roychoudhury Kavindra Kumar KesariVolume Two advances the exploration of the fundamental principles of oxidative stress and toxicity on male (and female) reproduction. It includes the advances in research on male reproductive health, the impact of environmental factors, the protective measures using bioactive compounds and traditional medicines, and how to limit toxic exposure. It includes coverage of: Oxidative stress and male infertilityEnvironmental stressors and sexual healthHeavy metals, pesticides, fine particle toxicity and male reproductionProtective measures against oxidative stress in gametes/embryos by using bioactive compounds/phytomedicines in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)Role of reactive oxygen species on female reproductionRadiation and mutagenic factors affecting the male reproductive systemBoth volumes provide a comprehensive look at the most basic concepts and advanced research being conducted by world famous scientists and researchers in male infertility and reproduction.
Oxidative Stress in Aging
by Florian Muller Kenneth Bruce Beckman Satomi MiwaHuman aging is a complex phenomenon. This state-of-the-art book discusses the role of free radicals in aging in different animal models, as well as the relevance of free radicals on age-related diseases and pathological conditions in humans (following an introduction section of the basics and theory of free radicals). In addition, the major interventions trials of antioxidant supplements in age-related disease, cancer and so forth are reviewed and discussed.
Oxidative Stress in Cancer Biology and Therapy
by Kenneth J. Dornfeld Koyamangalath Krishnan David Gius Douglas R. SpitzDuring the last 30 years it has become clearly evident that oxidative stress and free radical biology play key roles in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, cancer therapy, and normal tissue damage that limits treatment efficacy during cancer therapy. These mechanistic observations have led to the realization that free radical biology and cancer biology are two integrally related fields of investigation that can greatly benefit from cross fertilization of theoretical constructs. The current volume of scientific papers was assembled under the heading of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Biology and Therapy in order to stimulate the discussion of how the knowledge gained in the emerging field of oxidative stress in cancer biology can be utilized to more effectively design interventions to enhance therapeutic responses while causing fewer treatment limiting complications. The chapters contained in this volume provide highly informative emerging perspectives on how that selective enhancement of oxidative stress in cancerous tissues can be used as a target for enhancing therapeutic outcomes as well as how selective inhibition of oxidative stress could spare normal tissue damage and inhibit carcinogenesis. In this regard, the book represents an outstanding resource for both basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy.
Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases
by Sajal Chakraborti Naranjan S Dhalla Nirmal K Ganguly Madhu DikshitThis book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the area of heart disease. It describes a multidisciplinary approach, and demonstrates biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of redox signaling, which leads heart disease. Presenting recent studies on improved forms of ROS scavenging enzymes; specific inhibitors for different ROS generating enzymes; and oxidant induced signaling pathways and their antagonists that allow subtle modulation of redox signaling, it also discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, which are of vital importance in developing better strategies for treating heart disease. Each chapter offers researchers valuable insights into identifying targets for drug development for different types of heart disease.
Oxidative Stress in Human Reproduction
by Ashok Agarwal Rakesh Sharma Sajal Gupta Avi Harlev Gulfam Ahmad Stefan S. Du Plessis Sandro C. Esteves Siew May Wang Damayanthi DurairajanayagamThis SpringerBrief discusses the role of oxidative stress in the reproductive system. The book reviews endogenous sources, methods of determining its levels in body fluid/tissues, the physiological roles of ROS, as well as its negative effects on the human reproductive processes. Also discussed are multiple extrinsic factors that could induce oxidative stress in the reproductive system. This brief covers various clinical pathologies related to the reproductive system that arise from or produce oxidative stress, both in the male and female. The use of antioxidants as a therapeutic measure to keep ROS levels in check are highlighted, describing the outcome of various clinical studies involving antioxidant supplementation in infertile patients. Infertility is a global disease that affects 15-25% of all couples, and oxidative stress arising from a multitude of sources has been implicated as one of the major contributing factors to the decline in human fertility. As such, this book provides an up-to-date review on the significance of ROS in human reproduction.