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Optical Tweezers
by Philip H. Jones Onofrio M. Maragò Giovanni VolpeCombining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach, this text provides a detailed and complete guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers. In-depth derivation of the theory of optical trapping and numerical modelling of optical forces are supported by a complete step-by-step design and construction guide for building optical tweezers, with detailed tutorials on collecting and analysing data. Also included are comprehensive reviews of optical tweezers research in fields ranging from cell biology to quantum physics. Featuring numerous exercises and problems throughout, this is an ideal self-contained learning package for advanced lecture and laboratory courses, and an invaluable guide to practitioners wanting to enter the field of optical manipulation. The text is supplemented by www. opticaltweezers. org, a forum for discussion and a source of additional material including free-to-download, customisable research-grade software (OTS) for calculation of optical forces, digital video microscopy, optical tweezers calibration and holographic optical tweezers.
Optical Whispering Gallery Modes for Biosensing: From Physical Principles to Applications
by Frank Vollmer Deshui YuThis interdisciplinary book covers the fundamentals of optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, light–matter interaction, and biomolecular structure with a focus on applications in biosensing. Novel biosensors based on the hybridization of WGM microcavities and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metal nanoparticles have emerged as the most sensitive microsystem biodetection technology that boasts single molecule detection capability without the need for amplification and labeling of the analyte. The book provides an ample survey of the physical mechanisms of WGMs and LSPRs for detecting affinity, concentration, size, shape and orientation of biomarkers, while informing the reader about different classes of biomolecules, their optical properties and their importance in label-free clinical diagnostics.This expanded and updated second edition features a new chapter that introduces the reader to advanced in vivo biosensing techniques using WGM microcavities, looking at photothermal sensing, methods for trapping neutral atoms around WGM microcavities, and practical aspects of optoplasmonic sensing. The second Edition now provides a comprehensive introduction to the use of WGM microcavities in physical sensing which includes measurements with frequency combs, macro and micro (one atom) lasers, gyroscopes, optomechanical and parity-time-symmetric sensor devices.Chapter-end problems round out this comprehensive and fundamental textbook, inspiring a host of up-and-coming physicists, bioengineers, and medical professionals to make their own breakthroughs in this blossoming new field. This textbook can be used for both introductory and advanced courses about the modern optics of optical microcavities.
Optical Whispering Gallery Modes for Biosensing: From Physical Principles to Applications (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Frank Vollmer Deshui YuThis interdisciplinary book covers the fundamentals of optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, light–matter interaction, and biomolecular structure with a focus on applications in biosensing. Novel biosensors based on the hybridization of WGM microcavities and localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in metal nanoparticles have emerged as the most sensitive microsystem biodetection technology that boasts single molecule detection capability without the need for amplification and labeling of the analyte. The book provides an ample survey of the physical mechanisms of WGMs and LSPRs for detecting affinity, concentration, size, shape and orientation of biomarkers, while informing the reader about different classes of biomolecules, their optical properties and their importance in label-free clinical diagnostics. For the more advanced reader, advanced applications of WGMs and LSPRs in exploring the fundamental nature of quantum physics are discussed.
Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue
by Ashley J. Welch Martin J.C. GemertThe second edition maintains the standard of excellence established in the first edition, while adjusting the content to reflect changes in tissue optics and medical applications since 1995. The material concerning light propagation now contains new chapters devoted to electromagnetic theory for coherent light. The material concerning thermal laser-tissue interactions contains a new chapter on pulse ablation of tissue. The medical applications section now includes several new chapters on Optical Coherent Tomography, acoustic imaging, molecular imaging, forensic optics and nerve stimulation. A detailed overview is provided of the optical and thermal response of tissue to laser irradiation along with diagnostic and therapeutic examples including fiber optics. Sufficient theory is included in the book so that it is suitable for a one or two semester graduate or for senior elective courses. Material covered includes (1) light propagation and diagnostic application; (2) the thermal response of tissue and therapeutic application; (3) denaturation; and (4) ablation. The theory and applications provide researchers with sufficient detail that this volume will become the primary reference for laser-tissue interactions and medical applications.
Optics for the New Millennium: An Absolute Review Textbook
by Kamran M. Riaz G. Vike Vicente Daniel WeeThis textbook serves as a comprehensive manual on Optics that includes both didactics and assessment questions in an easy-to-read format. It provides an educational and entertaining resource that reinforces the relevance of the subject matter to modern clinical and surgical ophthalmology practice. The book offers a one-stop compendium for students studying for certification exams and for practicing ophthalmologists to review and learn Optics that will have relevance to their day-to-day practice. Chapters are written in a teaching-oriented style and include hi-yield summaries, 375+ original figures, and 190+ review questions.The book is divided into three areas of focus:Written Exam PreparationOral Exam Preparation and Clinical PracticeOphthalmic Optics for Surgical PracticeOptics for the New Millennium is a must-have resource for ophthalmology residents as well as practicing ophthalmologists with clinical, surgical and testable relevance.
Optics, Retinoscopy, and Refractometry (The Basic Bookshelf for Eyecare Professionals)
by Al LensOptics, Retinoscopy, and Refractometry, Second Edition is a valuable and up-to-date reference that allows the reader to better understand and measure the patient's refractive error. Information is presented on each of the three important topics in an easy-to-read format. Al Lens, COMT begins Optics, Retinoscopy, and Refractometry with a focus on the basics of optics, providing the foundation for understanding retinoscopy. The detailed instructions and practical exercises help the beginning technician become proficient at the valuable skill of retinoscopy. This comprehensive resource concludes with a simplified approach to refractometry, including a section on refractive surgery from an optics perspective. New to this edition: A section on refractive surgery from an optical point of view. Discussion on wavefront technology. Updated text and diagrams. Features: Study icons throughout the text. Appendices containing data on the metric system, units of measurement, metric conversions, and abbreviations. Refractometry exercises. Whether you are a beginning technician looking for a basic overview or an experienced examiner in search of a clear-cut review, Optics, Retinoscopy, and Refractometry, Second Edition will suit all your optics needs.
Optimal Care in Childbirth: The Case for a Physiologic Approach
by Henci Goer Amy RomanoWhat practices and policies best promote safe, healthy, satisfying labor and birth? What harms do routine or frequent use of tests, procedures, and restrictions introduce? What nonmedical factors drive the current maternity care system? Meticulously documented, Optimal Care in Childbirth: The Case for a Physiologic Approach pulls back the curtain on medical-model management of childbirth. "This should be a textbook for everyone in maternity care!" - Penny Simkin, Co-author of the Labor Progress Handbook. "This long awaited book is a marvel. It is a 'must have' resource not just for childbirth educators, nurses, obstetricians, and women, but for hospital administrators, insurance companies, and policy makers." - Judith Lothian, PhD, RN "Goer & Romano have given the maternity care community a gift in their robust examination and synthesis of the evidence supporting best ways to achieve optimal, physiologic birth for women and infants." - Holly Powell Kennedy, PhD, CNM, Varney Professor of Midwifery, Yale School of Nursing "Optimal Care in Childbirth is a long overdue and very important contribution that will lead to a more safe, sane, and satisfying pregnancy care system." - Steve Calvin, MD, MFM, Co-chair, Human Rights and Health Program, University of Minnesota School of Public Health
Optimal Collaboration for the Occupational Therapist and Occupational Therapist Assistant
by Heather GillespieThis book acts as a guide for occupational therapists to develop and continually evaluate trusting working relationships with occupational therapist assistants (OTAs), resulting in more effective occupational therapy service delivery to clients. To combat the misunderstandings between occupational therapists and OTAs, this book provides theoretical knowledge, practical learning, and case study examples to guide and develop positive working relationships between occupational therapists and OTAs. The importance of developing this trusting intraprofessional relationship is discussed in detail, and recommended approaches are reviewed. Described methodologies can be utilized to determine appropriate involvement of OTAs in specific client treatments, allowing for a consistent and effective synergy within occupational therapy. This book is an ideal read for occupational therapist students and occupational therapists currently working in a clinical practice setting, as well as for rehabilitation managers and employers. It is also a beneficial resource for OTA students and OTAs working within the profession.
Optimal Control for Mathematical Models of Cancer Therapies
by Urszula Ledzewicz Heinz SchättlerThis book presents applications of geometric optimal control to real life biomedical problems with an emphasis on cancer treatments. A number of mathematical models for both classical and novel cancer treatments are presented as optimal control problems with the goal of constructing optimal protocols. The power of geometric methods is illustrated with fully worked out complete global solutions to these mathematically challenging problems. Elaborate constructions of optimal controls and corresponding system responses provide great examples of applications of the tools of geometric optimal control and the outcomes aid the design of simpler, practically realizable suboptimal protocols. The book blends mathematical rigor with practically important topics in an easily readable tutorial style. Graduate students and researchers in science and engineering, particularly biomathematics and more mathematical aspects of biomedical engineering, would find this book particularly useful.
Optimal Design for Nonlinear Response Models
by Valerii V. Fedorov Sergei L. LeonovOptimal Design for Nonlinear Response Models discusses the theory and applications of model-based experimental design with a strong emphasis on biopharmaceutical studies. The book draws on the authors' many years of experience in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. While the focus is on nonlinear models, the book begins with an explanation of
Optimal Impulsive Control for Cancer Therapy (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by João M. Lemos João P. BelfoThis Springer brief discusses the use of control engineering methods to plan a cancer therapy which tends to reduce tumour size in patients, striking a balance that minimizes the toxic effects of the treatment. The authors address the design and computation of impulsive control therapies, a methodology previously underexplored in the application of control methods to medical modelling. This allows simulation of such discrete events as taking a pill rather than relying on the supply of therapy being continuous and steady.The book begins with an introduction to the topic, before moving onto pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamical and tumour-growth models and explaining how they describe the relationship between a certain therapy plan and the evolution of cancer. This is placed firmly in the context of work introducing impulsive differential equations. The final chapter summarizes the research presented and suggests future areas of research to encourage readers in taking the subject forward. This book is of interest to biomedical engineers, researchers and students, particularly those with a background in systems and control engineering.
Optimal Pain Management for the Dental Team (BDJ Clinician’s Guides)
by Tara RentonThis book is a concise guide to the correct diagnosis and management of dental pain and anxiety. It covers psychology theories about pain, dentine sensitivity, hypersensitivity and cracked tooth syndrome. Chronic pain, temporomandibular disorders and local anesthesia are discussed, and optimal medical and perioperative pain management explained. The book is written by leading experts in the field and provides an up to date, pragmatic perspective on optimizing pain and anxiety management in the dental patient. It includes an overview of differential diagnoses of non-odontogenic orofacial pain. As well as meeting the needs of dentists, the book will be a “must read” for whole dental team.
Optimal Wellbeing of Ageing Wild Animals in Human Care
by Sarah Chapman Sabrina BrandoMany wild animals in human care live longer than their wild counterparts because of modern care and wellbeing programmes, leading to a growing demographic of ageing animals. This handbook is dedicated to their care. As an innovative expert publication, it integrates all aspects of professional care, including topics such as behaviour, ethics, environmental enrichment, training, veterinary care, nutrition and habitat design. Each animal is unique in their preferences, physical and emotional needs. Ageing animals may change their behaviour, alter the use space, and may also experience events and their relationships with their carers differently than they used to. The ageing process and death of an individual can be a significant event for others in their group, as well as the human carers.This book consolidates best practices for supporting and assessing optimal ageing animal wellbeing. It describes practical and science-informed approaches and philosophies regarding the care of ageing wild animals in zoos, aquariums, sanctuaries, universities and laboratories in a single source. This is an invaluable reference for veterinarians, animal care professionals, animal welfare researchers and students, and anyone with an interest in caring for animals.Personal stories and beautiful images of ageing individuals brightening the start of each chapter and remind us that what we do must be in the best interest of the animal and be at the heart of their care.
Optimization Problems in Radiotherapy for Hypoxic Tumors (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Alexei V. ChvetsovThis book highlights the mathematical aspects of treatment outcomes analysis and dose optimization in radiotherapy for heterogeneous hypoxic tumors. Hypoxia is a major factor of cancer resistance to radiotherapy treatment and is present in most tumors encountered in humans. The author tried to present a systematic consideration of radiotherapy for hypoxic tumors, but the emphasis was put on mathematical content of the problems. The book contains new approaches to the concepts of tumor control probability, equivalent uniform dose and radiotherapy dose optimization for hypoxic tumors developed by the author. Significant attention in this book is paid to comparison of models with measured and clinical data; therefore, the reduction of model parameters to overcome overfitting (model parsimony) was followed as much as possible.
Optimization in Drug Discovery
by Gary W. Caldwell Zhengyin YanA panel of researchers and experts from leading universities and major pharmaceutical companies from all over the world systematically describe cutting-edge experimental protocols for the early in vitro evaluation of new chemical entities (NCE). These readily reproducible assays measure such critical parameters as physicochemical properties, adsorption, plasma binding, metabolism, drug interactions, and toxicity. By uncovering early in the discovery stage the defects that can eliminate candidate drugs from preclinical and clinical development, these techniques can save millions of dollars in time and effort.
Optimization in Medicine and Biology (Engineering and Management Innovation)
by Gino J. Lim and Eva K. LeeThanks to recent advancements, optimization is now recognized as a crucial component in research and decision-making across a number of fields. Through optimization, scientists have made tremendous advances in cancer treatment planning, disease control, and drug development, as well as in sequencing DNA, and identifying protein structures.Op
Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) (Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences)
by Linda M. CollinsThis book presents a framework for development, optimization, and evaluation of behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions. Behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions are programs with the objective of improving and maintaining human health and well-being, broadly defined, in individuals, families, schools, organizations, or communities. These interventions may be aimed at, for example, preventing or treating disease, promoting physical and mental health, preventing violence, or improving academic achievement. This volume introduces the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), pioneered at The Methodology Center at the Pennsylvania State University, as an alternative to the classical approach of relying solely on the randomized controlled trial (RCT). MOST borrows heavily from perspectives taken and approaches used in engineering, and also integrates concepts from statistics and behavioral science, including the RCT. As described in detail in this book, MOST consists of three phases: preparation, in which the conceptual model underlying the intervention is articulated; optimization, in which experimentation is used to gather the information necessary to identify the optimized intervention; and evaluation, in which the optimized intervention is evaluated in a standard RCT. Through numerous examples, the book demonstrates that MOST can be used to develop interventions that are more effective, efficient, economical, and scalable.Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy is the first book to present a comprehensive introduction to MOST. It will be an essential resource for behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical scientists; statisticians, biostatisticians, and analysts working in epidemiology and public health; and graduate-level courses in development and evaluation of interventions.
Optimization of Pharmaceutical Processes (Springer Optimization and Its Applications #189)
by Panos M. Pardalos Rohit Ramachandran Antonios FytopoulosOptimization of Pharmaceutical Processes presents contributions from leading authorities in the fields of optimization and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Formulated within structured frameworks, practical examples and applications are given as guidance to apply optimization techniques to most aspects of pharmaceutical processes from design, to lab and pilot scale, and finally to manufacturing. The increasing demand for better quality, higher yield, more efficient-optimized and green pharmaceutical processes, indicates that optimal conditions for production must be applied to achieve simplicity, lower costs and superior yield. The application of such methods in the pharmaceutical industry is not trivial. Quality of the final product is of major importance to human health and the need for deep knowledge of the process parameters and the optimization of the processes are imperative. The volume, which includes new methods as well as review contributions will benefit a wide readership including engineers in pharmaceuticals, chemical, biological, to name just a few.
Optimization of Pharmaceutical R&D Programs and Portfolios
by Zoran AntonijevicVery little has been published on optimization of pharmaceutical portfolios. Moreover, most of published literature is coming from the commercial side, where probability of technical success (PoS) is treated as fixed, and not as a consequence of development strategy or design. In this book there is a strong focus on impact of study design on PoS and ultimately on the value of portfolio. Design options that are discussed in different chapters are dose-selection strategies, adaptive design and enrichment. Some development strategies that are discussed are indication sequencing, optimal number of programs and optimal decision criteria. This book includes chapters written by authors with very broad backgrounds including financial, clinical, statistical, decision sciences, commercial and regulatory. Many authors have long held executive positions and have been involved with decision making at a product or at a portfolio level. As such, it is expected that this book will attract a very broad audience, including decision makers in pharmaceutical R&D, commercial and financial departments. The intended audience also includes portfolio planners and managers, statisticians, decision scientists and clinicians. Early chapters describe approaches to portfolio optimization from big Pharma and Venture Capital standpoints. They have stronger focus on finances and processes. Later chapters present selected statistical and decision analysis methods for optimizing drug development programs and portfolios. Some methodological chapters are technical; however, with a few exceptions they require a relatively basic knowledge of statistics by a reader.
Optimizing Aesthetic Toxin Results (Series in Cosmetic and Laser Therapy)
by Yates Yen-Yu ChaoBotulinum toxin injections are the most used and best-known aesthetic treatment internationally, but there remain a number of problematic topics and suboptimal results. Here an internationally known expert and his contributors explain the scientific background and aesthetic principles that can help clinicians achieve better results in problem cases.
Optimizing Cognitive Rehabilitation
by Lyn Turkstra Mckay SohlbergRehabilitation professionals face a key challenge when working with clients with acquired cognitive impairments: how to teach new skills to individuals who have difficulty learning. Unique in its focus, this book presents evidence-based instructional methods specifically designed to help this population learn more efficiently. The expert authors show how to develop, implement, and evaluate an individualized training plan. They provide practical guidelines for teaching multistep procedures, cognitive strategies, the use of external aids, and more. User-friendly features include 17 sample worksheets and forms; blank forms can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
Optimizing Emergency Department Throughput: Operations Management Solutions for Health Care Decision Makers
by John M. Shiver David EitelAcross the country ambulances are turned away from emergency departments (EDs) and patients are waiting hours and sometimes days to be admitted to a hospital room. Hospitals are finding it hard to get specialist physicians to come to treat emergency patients. Our EDs demand a new way of thinking. They are not at a tipping point; they are at a break
Optimizing Hospital-wide Patient Scheduling
by Daniel GartnerDiagnosis-related groups (DRGs) are used in hospitals for the reimbursement of inpatient services. The assignment of a patient to a DRG can be distinguished into billing- and operations-driven DRG classification. The topic of this monograph is operations-driven DRG classification, in which DRGs of inpatients are employed to improve contribution margin-based patient scheduling decisions. In the first part, attribute selection and classification techniques are evaluated in order to increase early DRG classification accuracy. Employing mathematical programming, the hospital-wide flow of elective patients is modelled taking into account DRGs, clinical pathways and scarce hospital resources. The results of the early DRG classification part reveal that a small set of attributes is sufficient in order to substantially improve DRG classification accuracy as compared to the current approach of many hospitals. Moreover, the results of the patient scheduling part reveal that the contribution margin can be increased as compared to current practice.
Optimizing Housing for the Elderly: Homes Not Houses
by Leon A PastalanDiscover the diverse range of housing options available to the elderly population with this excellent new book. This timely volume addresses the public policy and design and development issues that must necessarily face those concerned with housing our steadily growing elderly population. The chapters cover a broad spectrum of populations including elderly people in “aging ghettoes” in suburbia, continuing care retirement community residents, full-time recreational vehicle travelers, and the homeless elderly. The authoritative contributors go beyond descriptions of wide-ranging elderly housing options and delve into the central themes that influence them all. Optimizing Housing for the Elderly explores some common considerations such as personal security, food and medical services, independence, and social interaction, that are important determining factors when selecting a style of housing, and addresses economic questions including advice on reducing costs in popular continuing care retirement communities, currently inaccessible to lower-income elderly people. Professionals involved in any aspect of housing for the elderly will benefit from the information in this insightful book.
Optimizing IUD Delivery for Adolescents and Young Adults: Counseling, Placement, and Management
by Mandy S. Coles Aisha MaysMany individuals worldwide initiate sexual activity during their adolescent and young adult (AYA) years and are in need of safe and effective contraceptive services. Because of their safety profile, ease of use, and privacy many international professional organizations recommend that long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), including intrauterine devices (IUDs), be included in contraception discussions with AYAs. IUDs are particularly advantageous because these methods are safe and highly effective (>99% efficacy), are easier to keep confidential because they are often undetectable to others, and do not require daily adherence or frequent visits for refills. Despite significant evidence of their safety, acceptability, and effectiveness among adolescents and AYAs, IUDs remain underutilized in this population. Written by experts in the field, Optimizing IUD Delivery for Adolescents and Young Adults provides a comprehensive framework that examines the history of IUDs, counseling, initiation, placement, and follow-up techniques that are unique to AYA populations. The text closes with resource chapters, including, expert clinical pearls for AYA IUD delivery, how to access IUD training, and information on IUD billing and reimbursement. In an effort to integrate the voice of youth, clinical case examples and patient stories are utilized throughout to provide both a clinical grounding for each chapter and context within which to apply the chapter material.