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Organs for Sale: Bioethics, Neoliberalism, and Public Moral Deliberation
by Ryan GillespieOrgans for Sale is a study of the bioethical question of how to increase human organ supply. But it is also an inquiry into public moral deliberation and the relationship between economic worth and the value systems of a society. Looking closely at human organ procurement debates, the author offers a critique of neoliberalism in bioethics and asks what kind of society we truly want. While society has shown concern over debates surrounding organ procurement, a better understanding of the rhetoric of advocates and philosophical underpinnings of the debate might indeed improve our public moral deliberation in general and organ policy more specifically. Examining public arguments, this book uses a range of source material, from medical journals to congressional hearings to newspaper op-eds, to provide the most up-to-date and thorough analysis of the topic. Organs for Sale posits that deciding together on the limits of markets, and on what is and ought to be for sale, sheds light on the moral fibre of our society and what it needs to thrive.
Organspende als Herausforderung gelingender Kommunikation (Medizin, Kultur, Gesellschaft)
by Elena Link Julia Inthorn Monika E. Fuchs Charlotte Koscielny Frank LogemannKommunikation im Kontext der Organspende gehört zu den sensibelsten und herausforderndsten Aufgaben im Klinikalltag. Angehörige und medizinisches Fachpersonal begegnen sich in einer äußerst belastenden Phase der Unsicherheit, Trauer und Verletzlichkeit. Dennoch müssen sie gemeinsam klären, ob ein Organspendeausweis vorliegt und das bereits intensivmedizinisch betreute Familienmitglied einer Organspende zustimmen würde. Die Interessen der Beteiligten unterscheiden sich und treffen sich zugleich in der Zielsetzung, den Willen des Patienten mit dieser Entscheidung umzusetzen. Der interdisziplinär angelegte Band reflektiert die im Feld bestehenden Kontingenzen. Er zielt auf eine Präzisierung der Wahrnehmung und erörtert Handlungsoptionen, die dazu beitragen können, diese spezifische Kommunikationssituation konkret zu entlasten.
Organspende – Geschenk oder moralische Pflicht? (#philosophieorientiert)
by Peter SchaberHaben wir eine moralische Pflicht, unsere Organe postmortal zu spenden? Oder handelt es sich dabei lediglich um einen Akt, der zwar wünschenswert, aber nicht gefordert ist? Und wie soll die Organspende geregelt werden? Soll man sich an der Zustimmungs- oder an der Widerspruchslösung orientieren und was genau sehen diese Regelungen jeweils vor? Und welche Rolle im Entscheidungsprozess soll den hinterbliebenen Angehörigen zukommen? Schaber argumentiert dafür, dass wir eine moralische Pflicht haben, unsere Organe postmortal zur Verfügung zu stellen, und dass die Organentnahme nach Maßgabe einer von ihm sogenannten ‚Erklärungslösung‘ geregelt werden sollte: Der Staat müsste die Bürger*innen regelmäßig darauf hinweisen, sich zur Organspende zu äußern, falls keine Bereitschaft zur Organentnahme vorliegt.
Organtransplantation mit Lebendspende
by Utz Settmacher Falk RauchfußAlle Aspekte der Lebendorganspende sind in diesem Buch fundiert und detailliert beschrieben. Die Kapitel wurden von Experten verfasst, die die aktuelle Literatur und ihre klinische Erfahrung in die Darstellung einbeziehen. Neben der Durchführung der Organ(teil)entnahme und –transplantation bei Kindern und Erwachsenen nehmen die Vor- und Nachbetreuung sowohl der Spender als auch der Empfänger breiten Raum ein. Dazu gehört auch, betroffene Patienten überhaupt auf die Möglichkeit einer Lebendspende anzusprechen. Zusätzlich zu den beiden häufigen Eingriffen (Nierenspende und Leberteilorganspende) werden seltene Verfahren der Teilorgantransplantation (Lunge, Pankreas, Darm, Uterus) dargestellt.Das Buch wendet sich an Ärzte in den Transplantationszentren sowie an die Kollegen, die Patienten vor der Transplantation bzw. der Indikationsstellung zur Transplantation betreuen.Angesichts des bestehenden Organmangels stellt die Lebendspende eine wichtige Therapieoption dar, um potentiellen Empfängern die Transplantation zu ermöglichen.
Orgullo enfermero: Ni héroes ni villanos, lo que siempre fuimos
by Enfermera SaturadaEl testimonio de cómo las enfermeras luchamos contra un virus que paralizó al mundo. 2020 fue el Año Internacional de las Enfermeras. Lo celebramos de un modo extraño y al que no estamos acostumbradas: luchando contra el coronavirus debajo de un EPI, siendo protagonistas en los balcones de cada casa, en los medios de comunicación y, finalmente, en los centros de vacunación. No hubo fiestas ni actos especiales en nuestro año ni en el siguiente, pero sí hubo un sentimiento de orgullo por saber que estábamos haciendo historia. Siempre habíamos estado ahí, pero pocas veces se nos había visto tanto. También seguiremos estando cuando se apaguen los focos. Esta es la historia de todo lo que sucedió después de la primera ola, cuando veíamos con desesperación cómo la Covid-19 volvía a llenar hospitales, de una pandemia que jamás olvidaremos y de la campaña de vacunación más grande que la humanidad ha vivido. Millones de dosis de esperanza administradas con orgullo por enfermeros y enfermeras alrededor del mundo, los mismos que primero lucharon armados con bolsas de basura y que lo hicieron después con una jeringuilla en la mano. Esta es la historia de una enfermera que luchó contra el coronavirus en primera línea, armada con una bolsa de basura y una mascarilla reutilizada. Pero, en realidad, es también la de todos los enfermeros y las enfermeras que plantaron cara al virus, esos a los que la sociedad llamó héroes, y por quienes aplaudía a las ocho, mientras ellos y ellas vivían con el miedo pegado a su espalda. Es el testimonio de sus lágrimas, temores y sacrificios, y a la vez de la inmensa felicidad que sentían cada vez que apagaban un respirador y entregaban el alta a un paciente. "El testimonio de cómo las enfermeras vivimos los días en que un virus paralizó el mundo en poco más de tres meses y sumió a España en la peor pandemia del siglo XXI."
Oriental Stories as Tools in Psychotherapy: The Merchant and the Parrot
by N. PeseschkianIf you give someone a fish, you feed him only once. If you teach him how to fish, he can feed himself forever. ---Oriental wisdom When a German or American comes home in the evening, he wants his peace and quiet. That, at least, is the general rule. He sits down in front of the television, drinks his hard-earned beer and reads his newspaper, as if to say, "Leave me in peace. After working so hard, I have a right to it." For him, this is relaxation. In the East, a man relaxes in a different way. By the time he comes home, his wife has already invited a few guests, relatives, or family and business friends. By chatting with his guests, he feels relaxed, as though freely translating the motto "Guests are a gift from God." Relaxation can thus mean many things. There is no set definition for everything that relaxation comprises. People relax in the way they have learned how, and the way they hav~earned is what is customary in their family or group, or in the social circle to which they belong.
Orientation And Mobility: Techniques For Independence
by Steve La Grow Richard LongSuccess-based programme of instruction to overcome limitations to independent movement in a range of situations including stairs, doors, narrow spaces and seating.
Origin Story: The Trials of Charles Darwin
by Howard MarkelA lively account of how Darwin’s work on natural selection transformed science and society, and an investigation into the mysterious illness that plagued its author. By early morning of June 30, 1860, a large crowd began to congregate in front of Oxford University’s brand-new Museum of Natural History. The occasion was the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and the subject of discussion was Charles Darwin’s new treatise: fact or fiction? Darwin, a simultaneously reclusive and intellectually audacious squire from Kent, claimed to have solved “that mystery of mysteries,” introducing a logical explanation of the origin of species—how they adapted, even transmogrified, through natural selection. At stake, on that summer’s day of spirited debate, was the very foundation of modern biology, not to mention the future of the church. Without fear of exaggeration, Darwin’s thesis would forever change our understanding of the life sciences and the natural world. And yet the author himself was nowhere to be found in the debate hall—instead, he was miles away, seeking respite from a spate of illnesses that had plagued him for much of his adult life. In Origin Story, medical historian Howard Markel recounts the two-year period (1858 to 1860) of Darwin’s writing of On the Origin of Species through its spectacular success and controversy. Simultaneously, Markel delves into the mysterious health symptoms Darwin developed, combing the literature to emerge with a cogent diagnosis of a case that has long fascinated medical historians. The result is a colorful portrait of the man, his friends and enemies, and his seminal work, which resonates to this day.
Origin and Development of Cerebral Vessels
by Gianni Boris BradacThis book is an extensive and unique study dedicated to the development of the cerebral vessels from the start to the final result in the adult, describing normal and anomalous evolution. The first part of the monography deals with the development of the vessels in which two periods have been identified: the embryogenic period starting after the fertilization to the embryo of 50-56 days of age and the fetal period up to the birth. The second part is the adult period in which the final development is described and documented on the basis of angiographic studies. The book will discuss the evolution of all arteries, including the intracerebral sectors as well as specific territories such as the ophthalmic artery. A separate chapter is dedicated to the veins. This richly illustrated book is a valuable resource to neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists specializing on cerebral vessels in their research and clinical practice.
Origin of Cancers
by Shi-Ming TuThe theory of a stem-cell origin of cancer is neither ground breaking nor earth shattering. Many prominent investigators have established the foundation for this concept and performed the vital experiments to support its validity and merit. The purpose of this book is to illustrate how this theory may completely transform our current views and perspective about cancer. It is anticipated that the variety of ramifications of a stem-cell origin of cancers will be embraced by the medical research community to bring new treatment modalities to the cancer patient.
Origin of Group Identity
by Luis P. VillarrealThe molecular evolution of viruses is fascinating and quite controversial, relevant to the evolution of living organisms, a determinant in pathogenesis by viruses, and amenable to detailed study in various laboratories around the globe. Evolution is the product of variation and selection. Genetic recombination is a major source of variation for evolutionary selection. Full understanding of virus evolution requires knowledge of the inventory of existing viruses, their distribution in biological space and time and their interactions with other viruses and living organisms. The basic focus of this volume will be to trace the evolution (or accumulation) of biological identity systems from molecules to microbes, through animals to primate and human social structure. Overall, the volume will be organized so that it will trace the evolution of group identification systems from simple unicellular life forms, through the 'tree of life' all the way to complex hominid social structures. Such an evolutionary tracing has not been previously published, thus the book will develop and present a unique organization of information. The focus of this book will also be to understand the mechanisms that allow group (social) identification and communication systems to function. Sensory identification systems, especially receptors, will be emphasized. In unicellular and early multicellular organisms, addiction modules (toxins and antitoxins, often from genetic parasites) are most commonly used as biological group identification systems. Later in evolution, odor receptors, in particular, provide a clear evolutionary trail that can be followed from microbes to humans. Photo and visual receptors are also considered along with the neurological systems that process receptor information. Visual and audio based social imprinting will also be presented. In addition, the book will seek to understand the underlying evolutionary forces that drive the creation of group identification systems. In particular, 'addiction' based molecular strategies will be examined. A unique element of this book will be to evaluate the role of genetic parasites in the origination of such addiction modules. The recent explosion of genomic databases and information will be called on heavily as evidence for this part of the book.
Origin of Intelligence in the Child: Selected Works vol 3 (Modern Psychology Ser.)
by Jean PiagetFirst published in 1997. This is Volume III of selected works of Jean Piaget which explores his concepts on the origins of intelligence in children. The theses developed in this volume, concern in particular the formation of the sensorimotor schemata and the mechanism of mental assimilation.
Origin of Life via Archaea: Shaped Droplets to Archaea First, with a Compendium of Archaea Micrographs (Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe)
by Richard GordonThis book surveys the models for the origin of life and presents a new model starting with shaped droplets and ending with life as polygonal Archaea; it collects the most published micrographs of Archaea (discovered only in 1977), which support this conclusion, and thus provides the first visual survey of Archaea. Origin of Life via Archaea’s purpose is to add a new hypothesis on what are called “shaped droplets”, as the starting point, for flat, polygonal Archaea, supporting the Vesicles First hypothesis. The book contains over 6000 distinct references and micrographs of 440 extant species of Archaea, 41% of which exhibit polygonal phenotypes. It surveys the intellectual battleground of the many ideas of the origin of life on earth, chemical equilibrium, autocatalysis, and biotic polymers. This book contains 17 chapters, some coauthored, on a wide range of topics on the origin of life, including Archaea’s origin, patterns, and species. It shows how various aspects of the origin of life may have occurred at chemical equilibrium, not requiring an energy source, contrary to the general assumption. For the reader’s value, its compendium of Archaea micrographs might also serve many other interesting questions about Archaea. One chapter presents a theory for the shape of flat, polygonal Archaea in terms of the energetics at the surface, edges and corners of the S-layer. Another shows how membrane peptides may have originated. The book also includes a large table of most extant Archaea, that is searchable in the electronic version. It ends with a chapter on problems needing further research. Audience This book will be used by astrobiologists, origin of life biologists, physicists of small systems, geologists, biochemists, theoretical and vesicle chemists.
Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition
by Merlin DonaldThis bold and brilliant book asks the ultimate question of the life sciences: How did the human mind acquire its incomparable power? In seeking the answer, Merlin Donald traces the evolution of human culture and cognition from primitive apes to artificial intelligence, presenting an enterprising and original theory of how the human mind evolved from its presymbolic form.
Ornamental Fisheries and Aquarium Keeping: Insights from the Indian Aquarium Industry
by Archana Sinha Atul Kumar Jain Abhinika Jain RaneThis valuable reference book provides an overview of the global aquarium industry, with insights from the Indian aquarium industry. It covers the different aspects of the aquarium industry including the culture of freshwater and marine ornamental fishes, invertebrates, farming of ornamental aquatic plants, manufacturing of aquarium accessories, export-import of ornamental fishes, capacity building, and human resource development, institutional support, and policy framework. It discusses historical review, global and national scenario, future scope, market potential, and policy support required to achieve these goals. The book is meant for professionals in the fisheries industry and academicians in fisheries science.
Ornamental Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates: Self-Assessment Color Review, Second Edition (Veterinary Self-Assessment Color Review Series)
by Gregory A. LewbartThis is a new edition in the Self-Assessment Colour Review series that covers ornamental fish. It includes 200 colour illustrated cases in random order, as they would be presented in practice. It presents questions based on each case with answers that fully explore the disease/disorder. This new edition contains 250 new cases. The book should appeal to candidates preparing for examinations and to practitioners in their continuing education.
Orofacial Disorders
by João N. A. R. Ferreira James Fricton Nelson RhodusThis cutting-edge book is a quick reference guide to the evidence-based evaluation, diagnosis, and management of the broad spectrum of orofacial disorders. Each chapter is devoted to a particular disease or disorder and presents advances in our understanding of the condition, the most recent evaluation and diagnostic strategies, and up-to-date treatment approaches. In addition, strategies for integration of care into routine dental practice are explained, and information provided on how to comprehensively diagnose and manage orofacial disorders. The coverage encompasses the latest technological advances in the field, such as novel pharmaceuticals, diagnostic tools, gene transfer techniques, radiotherapy modalities, and a vast array of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches including complementary and alternative therapies for orofacial disorders. Although the management of orofacial disorders is emerging as a distinct field of dentistry, many dentists and physicians are unfamiliar with recent advances in the care of patients with these disorders including orofacial pain, oral lesions and cancer, malodor, xerostomia, obstructive sleep apnea, bruxism and oral parafunctional behaviors, temporomandibular disorders, occlusal dysesthesias, orofacial neuropathic pains, and headaches. This book, written by world class experts, is deliberately geared to the level of understanding of a clinician. It will serve as an ideal evidence-based reference and source of specific clinical recommendations in daily practice.
Orofacial Pain
by Nalini Vadivelu Alan David Kaye Amarender VadiveluBecause diagnosing orofacial pain can be a challenge, the book describes the appropriate history-taking methods, detailed examinations, and relevant tests that will help clinicians to work through the differential diagnosis. Effective medical, surgical, and behavioral approaches are presented, and the importance of a multimodal approach is consistently emphasized throughout the book. The target audience includes pain physicians, anesthesiologists, dentists, neurologists, nurse practitioners, and physician's assistants.
Orofacial Pain
by Raymond A. Dionne Glenn T. ClarkOrofacial Pain: A Guide to Medications and Management brings together guidance and information on the rational use of medications for the treatment of chronic orofacial pain. Focusing on clinically relevant information throughout and aiming itself squarely at the needs of dentists and other clinicians working directly with orofacial pain, the book covers the use of oral, injectable and topical medications for managing neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain, headache, and uncommon orofacial pain disorders. Useful features, such as discussion of the top 60 medications prescribed for orofacial pain, are integrated with comprehensive coverage of drug types, pharmacolegal issues, and the interaction of medication management with other treatment strategies.
Orofacial Pain Biomarkers
by Jean-Paul Goulet Ana Miriam VellyThis book provides up-to-date information on all aspects of orofacial pain biomarkers, which are of evolving importance. The first section includes explanation of the neurobiological substrates underlying chronic orofacial pain and the potential role of biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Differences and similarities between saliva and serum biomarkers for pain are then explained, and assessment methods and statistical analyses used in evaluating biomarkers are considered. The main section of the book examines the contribution of clinical studies to the field of biomarkers for orofacial pain and discusses biomarkers for masticatory muscle pain, temporomandibular joint pain, neuropathic face pain, and autonomic nervous system involvement in trigeminal facial pain. The potential impacts of the immune system on orofacial pain biomarkers are also discussed, and the final section identifies future challenges and suggests new directions in the field.
Orofacial Supportive Care in Cancer: A Contemporary Oral Oncology Perspective
by Raj NairThis easy-to-use book equips clinicians and health care professionals with all the information that they will require in order to identify and manage orofacial complications of cancer therapy. Readers will find precise information on the presenting symptoms and signs associated with local or systemic complications associated with individual drugs or modes of therapy in cancer care. Guidance is provided whenever possible on the initial examinations to be performed in each circumstance and the investigations that can deliver a definitive diagnosis. The effective management of cancer complications are explained with the help of up to date clinical practice guidelines for the management of complications secondary to cancer therapy. In addition, an introductory section outlines contemporary principles of cancer management based on precision oral oncology principles. The text is supported by numerous highly informative clinical photographs, tables and a bibliography.
Orphan Lung Diseases
by Vincent Cottin Jean-Francois Cordier Luca RicheldiOrphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease provides a comprehensive, clinically focused textbook on rare and so-called 'orphan' pulmonary diseases. The book is oriented towards the diagnostic approach, including manifestations suggesting the disease, diagnostic criteria, methods of diagnostic confirmation, and differential diagnosis, with an overview of management.
Orphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease
by Vincent Cottin Luca Richeldi Francis X. McCormack Kevin BrownThe second edition comprehensively reviews the wide field of rare pulmonary diseases. Issues such as less common diseases affecting the airways, systematic disorders with lung involvement, interstitial lung diseases, and many other orphan conditions of the lungs are explored in this book. The progress and advances made in the field and the limited number of patients presenting each condition makes it very difficult for clinicians to be up-to-date in this field. Readers will discover how to diagnose and manage these rare orphan diseases. Orphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease is a practical, informative book written by a team of international authors with much experience in rare pulmonary diseases Orphan Lung Diseases: A Clinical Guide to Rare Lung Disease, second edition provides synthesized and easily accessible information about the main orphan lung diseases, to aid clinicians in charge of patients with rare disease, or who consider the diagnosis of a rare disease in their patient. It is a practical, informative guide written by a team of international experienced authors in rare pulmonary diseases.
Orphaned by the Colour of My Skin: A Stolen Generation Story
by Mary TerszakIn an invasive, paternalistic, federal public policy environment for Indigenous communities, this book provides an in-depth account of one person's experiences as a 'Stolen Generation' Aboriginal Australian. Told from the heart, the book speaks in the raw voice of a grandmother reflecting on her life, focusing on her childhood experiences, subsequent perceptions and life stories. The book presents a rare autobiographical journaling of the psychological impact of institutionalisation on an Indigenous woman, her search for family, community and identity, her psychological breakdown and her personal reconstruction through telling her story in a supportive educational environment. As an Appendix, the author provides us with a critical analysis and autoethnography - using her story as a case study - that provides deep insights into the personal experience of dealing with forced institutionalisation and social engineering to assimilate Aboriginal people.
Orphans and Incentives: Workshop Report
by Forum on Emerging InfectionsInfectious diseases remain a leading cause of prolonged illness, premature mortality, and soaring health costs. In the United States in 1995, infectious diseases were the third leading cause of death, right behind heart disease and cancer. Mortality is mounting over time, owing to HIV/AIDS, pneumonia, and septicemia, with drug resistance playing an ever-increasing role in each of these disease categories. This book, a report from a Forum on Emerging Infections workshop, focuses on product areas where returns from the market might be perceived as being too small or too complicated by other factors to compete in industrial portfolios with other demands for investment. Vaccines are quintessential examples of such products. The lessons learned fall into four areas, including what makes intersectoral collaboration a reality, the notion of a product life cycle, the implications of divergent sectoral mandates and concepts of risk, and the roles of advocacy and public education. The summary contains an examination of the Children's Vaccine Initiative and other models, an industry perspective on the emerging infections agenda, and legal and regulatory issues.