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Paradoxes of Care: Children and Global Medical Aid in Egypt (Stanford Studies in Middle Eastern and Islamic Societies and Cultures)
by Rania Kassab SweisEach year, billions of dollars are spent on global humanitarian health initiatives. These efforts are intended to care for suffering bodies, especially those of distressed children living in poverty. But as global medical aid can often overlook the local economic and political systems that cause bodily suffering, it can also unintentionally prolong the very conditions that hurt children and undermine local aid givers. Investigating medical humanitarian encounters in Egypt, Paradoxes of Care illustrates how child aid recipients and local aid experts grapple with global aid's shortcomings and its paradoxical outcomes. Rania Kassab Sweis examines how some of the world's largest aid organizations care for vulnerable children in Egypt, focusing on medical efforts with street children and out-of-school village girls. Her in-depth ethnographic study reveals how global medical aid fails to "save" these children according to its stated aims, and often maintains—or produces new—social disparities in children's lives. Foregrounding vulnerable children's responses to medical aid, Sweis moves past the unquestioned benevolence of global health to demonstrate how children must manage their own bodies and lives in the absence of adult care. With this book, she challenges readers to engage with the question of what medical caregivers and donors alike gain from such global humanitarian transactions.
Paradoxes of PrEP for HIV Prevention
by Morten SkovdalAvailable open access digitally under CC-BY licence. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a drug taken by HIV-negative people that reduces the risk of getting HIV. Comparing two case studies in Denmark and Zimbabwe, this book demonstrates six paradoxes that users often encounter in navigating their PrEP journey. These paradoxes lead to contentions, uncertainties, dilemmas and ambiguities that need to be carefully and pensively responded to through what the author terms ‘everyday PrEP negotiations’. The social nature and need for such everyday PrEP negotiations help explain why PrEP works for some people and not for others. This book argues that such insight is critical to make PrEP work for more people and to inform social public health responses.
Paralysed with Fear
by Gareth WilliamsFrom the award-winning author ofAngel of Death comes a comprehensive and engaging narrative of mankind's battle against polio. For much of the twentieth century, polio inspired terror as the 'morning paralysis' which could invade any home and disable or kill a previously healthy person. The cruelty of the disease is epitomised by the iconic images of the crippled child and the iron lung. This is the story of mankind's struggle against polio, is compelling, exciting and full of twists and pardoxes. One of the grand challenges of modern medicine, it was a battleground between good and bad science. Some research won Nobel Prizes; other work was flawed or fraudulent, holding up progress and endangering patients' lives. Gareth Williams takes an original view of the journey to understanding and defeating polio, exploring the profoundly moving experiences of victims alongside the medical and scientific landmarks in the history of the disease. Praise forAngel of Death: 'An engaging narrative, in which medical history is interweaved with social history and reflections on contemporary issues'BBC History Magazine 'Wonderful. Wonderfully-researched, vividly-written, an example of medical history at its absolute best. ' Michael Neve
Paralyzed But Not Powerless: Kate's Journey Revisited
by Kate AdamsonKate's Journey is a touching story of a woman's survival and recovery from a double brain-stem stroke. The book provides information on the warning signs of stroke and teaches us how to meet life threatening challenges with grace and valor. Kate's determination, humor and wisdom are inspiring. Her lessons are a model for anyone who struggles with a terminal illness to reach beyond the pain and fear to over come and celebrate life.
Paralyzing Summer: The True Story of the Ann Arbor V.A. Hospital Poisonings and Deaths
by Elizabeth Oneal S. Martin LindenauerIn the summer of 1975, an alarming number of patients at the Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Hospital began experiencing mysterious respiratory failures that left ten dead and over thirty more clinging to life. Doctors struggled to determine the cause of the attacks, and further analysis revealed each of the victims' intravenous drip bags had been contaminated with a powerful muscle relaxant named Pavulon--a drug traditionally used in hospitals when inserting patient breathing tubes in preparation for surgery. The discovery of Pavulon was particularly disturbing because hospital safeguards made it unlikely the chemical had been introduced to patients' drip bags by mistake. This suggested deliberate poisoning, but with no apparent connection between the victims, the motive behind the crime was unclear. The tangled investigation that followed gripped the nation's attention, particularly after the FBI narrowed its focus to two improbable suspects: a pair of well-liked nurses from the hospital's intensive care unit. Both were of Filipino decent, and the national media speculated racism was a major factor in the scrutiny placed on the nurses. Drawing extensively from court documents, news coverage from the time, and interviews with participants, Zibby Oneal and S. Martin Lindenauer's Paralyzing Summer presents a gripping account of the baffling case, following the incredible twists and turns that unfolded over a two and a half year period starting July 1975.
Paramedic Crash Course with Online Practice Test
by Christopher CoughlinREA’s Paramedic Crash Course®Everything You Need for the Exam – in a Fast Review Format!From the Author of REA’s Best-selling EMT Crash Course®REA’s Paramedic Crash Course® is the only book of its kind for the last-minute studier or any prospective Paramedic who wants a quick refresher before taking the National Registry Paramedic (NRP) Exam.Targeted, Focused Review – Study Only What You Need to Know Written by Dr. Christopher Coughlin, an EMS Program Director and paramedic with 27 years of experience, Paramedic Crash Course® relies on the author’s careful analysis of the exam’s content and actual test questions. It covers only the information tested on the exam, so you can make the most of your valuable study time. Our fully indexed targeted review covers all the official test categories including airway and breathing, medical emergencies, trauma, special patients, and EMS operations.Expert Test-taking Strategies Our experienced author explains the structure of the exam, so you know what to expect on test day. He also shares detailed question-level strategies and shows you the best way to answer questions. By following our expert tips and advice, you can score higher on every section of the exam.Full-length Online Practice Exam The book comes with a true-to-format online practice test with diagnostic feedback, topic-level scoring, and detailed answer explanations to help students gauge their test-readiness.No matter how or when you prepare for the Paramedic Exam, REA’s Paramedic Crash Course® will show you how to study efficiently and strategically, so you can get a great score!
Paramedic's Fling to Forever
by Sue MacKayIn Sue MacKay&’s latest medical romance, a temporary fling becomes complicated when the doctor becomes her new colleague… IT STARTED ONE WEEK IN BRISBANE… Paramedic Leesa&’s instant attraction to Dr. Nick while at a party is overwhelming and irresistible! Five days of fun is just what the doctor ordered—and all they can offer emotionally. But fate has other ideas when Nick takes a permanent job where Leesa works. Suddenly, there&’s no avoiding each other! And resuming their fling is inevitable… Yet, having been burned by difficult marriages, will they have the courage to take a chance on forever? From Harlequin Medical: Life and love in the world of modern medicine.
Paramedic's One-Night Baby Bombshell
by Amy RuttanIn the latest Harlequin Medical Romance by Amy Ruttan, an uncharacteristic one-night stand leads to an unexpected consequence for the doctor and the paramedic. But could their baby be the answer to their broken hearts? Can an unexpected baby… …heal two broken hearts? Widow Dr. Jo York seizes the chance to escape to a small island town. That&’s adventurous enough, but her uncharacteristic one-night stand with gorgeous paramedic Henrik exceeds expectations! And so do the consequences… Jo has always dreamed of being a mother, but never thought she&’d have children. If discovering she&’s pregnant rocks her well-ordered world, what will it do to guarded, no-strings Henrik when she tells him, I&’m pregnant. And the baby&’s yours…?From Harlequin Medical: Life and love in the world of modern medicine.
Paramedic's Reunion in Paradise
by Alison RobertsIn Alison Roberts&’s latest Harlequin Medical Romance, volunteering at Reki Island Children&’s Camp is one paramedic&’s idea of paradise…until the doctor who broke her heart signs up, too! A RISK WORTH TAKING…AGAIN? Paramedic and adrenaline junkie Maya treasures volunteering at Reki Island Children&’s Camp. But a reunion with her ex, the camp&’s latest recruit, was not on the agenda! It&’s been a decade since Dr. Eli broke her heart, yet their attraction reignites with just one glance… Which is very inconvenient, because the losses Eli&’s faced have made him more cautious and guarded than ever. Despite their differences and the echoes of old pain between them, Maya&’s soon reminded why she first fell for Eli. Trapped in paradise, could this be their sun-soaked second chance?From Harlequin Medical: Life and love in the world of modern medicine.
Paramedic: On the Front Lines of Medicine
by Peter CanningIn this unforgettable, dramatic account of one man's experience as an EMT, Peter Canning relives the nerve-racking seconds that can mean the difference between a patient's death and survival, as Canning struggles to make the right call, dispense the right medication, or keep a patient's heart beating long enough to reach the hospital. As Canning tells his graphic, gripping war stories--of the lives he saved and lost; of the fear, the nightmares, and the constant adrenaline-pumping thrill of action--we come away with an unforgettable portrait of what it means to be a hero.
Paramedics On and Off the Streets: Emergency Medical Services in the Age of Technological Governance
by Michael K. CormanIn Paramedics On and Off the Streets, Michael K. Corman embarks on an institutional ethnography of the complex, mundane, intricate, and exhilarating work of paramedics in Calgary, Alberta. Corman’s comprehensive research includes more than 200 hours of participant observation ride-alongs with paramedics over a period of eleven months, more than one hundred first hand interviews with paramedics, and thirty-six interviews with other emergency medical personnel including administrators, call-takers and dispatchers, nurses, and doctors. At the heart of this ethnography are questions about the role of paramedics in urban environments, the role of information and communication technologies in contemporary health care governance, and the organization and accountability of pre-hospital medical services. Paramedics On and Off the Streets is the first institutional ethnography to explore the role and increasing importance of paramedics in our healthcare system. It takes readers on a journey into the everyday lives of EMS personnel and provides an in-depth sociological analysis of the work of pre-hospital health care professionals in the twenty-first century.
Parameter Advising for Multiple Sequence Alignment
by Dan DeBlasio John KececiogluThis book develops a new approach called parameter advising for finding a parameter setting for a sequence aligner that yields a quality alignment of a given set of input sequences. In this framework, a parameter advisor is a procedure that automatically chooses a parameter setting for the input, and has two main ingredients: (a) the set of parameter choices considered by the advisor, and (b) an estimator of alignment accuracy used to rank alignments produced by the aligner. On coupling a parameter advisor with an aligner, once the advisor is trained in a learning phase, the user simply inputs sequences to align, and receives an output alignment from the aligner, where the advisor has automatically selected the parameter setting. The chapters first lay out the foundations of parameter advising, and then cover applications and extensions of advising. The content * examines formulations of parameter advising and their computational complexity, * develops methods for learning good accuracy estimators, * presents approximation algorithms for finding good sets of parameter choices, and * assesses software implementations of advising that perform well on real biological data. Also explored are applications of parameter advising to * adaptive local realignment, where advising is performed on local regions of the sequences to automatically adapt to varying mutation rates, and * ensemble alignment, where advising is applied to an ensemble of aligners to effectively yield a new aligner of higher quality than the individual aligners in the ensemble. The book concludes by offering future directions in advising research.
Paranoia: The madness that makes history
by Luigi ZojaLuigi Zoja presents an insightful analysis of the use and misuse of paranoia throughout history and in contemporary society. Zoja combines history with depth psychology, contemporary politics and tragic literature, resulting in a clear and balanced analysis presented with rare clarity. The devastating impact of paranoia on societies is explored in detail. Focusing on the contagious aspects of paranoia and its infectious, self-replicating dynamics, Zoja takes such diverse examples as Ajax and George W. Bush, Cain and the American Holocaust, Hitler, Stalin and Othello to illustrate his argument. He reconstructs the emblematic arguments that paranoia has promoted in Western history and examines how the power of the modern media and mass communication has affected how it spreads. Paranoia clearly examines how leaders lose control of their influence, how the collective unconscious acquires an autonomous life and how seductive its effects can be - more so than any political, religious or ideological discourse. This gripping study will be essential reading for depth and analytical psychologists, and academics and students of history, cultural studies, psychology, classical studies, literary studies, anthropology and sociology.
Paranormal: My Life in Pursuit of the Afterlife
by Paul Perry Raymond MoodyThe author of Life After Life present a look at his life spent researching near-death experiences in this fascinating memoir.Paranormal begins with a harrowing account of Moody’s suicide attempt—due to an undiagnosed illness that led him into depression—and proceeds to explore his lifelong fascination with life beyond our bodies. Moody traces the roots of his obsession with the point of death and how, at age twenty-three, he launched the entirely new medical field of near-death studies. He went on to explore the world of past lives and possible reincarnation before stumbling into the fascinating realm of facilitated visions. Moody’s rural research center, Theater of the Mind, dramatically advances paranormal research by melding ancient and modern techniques to arouse many of the transformative elements of the near-death experience in people who are still living.After more than four decades of studying death and the possibility of an afterlife, Moody still sees endless promise in the fringes of psychological sciences, where he continues to seek answers to what happens to our souls after death.Praise for Paranormal“A lucid, engrossing memoir from a psychologist and philosopher dedicated to the afterlife. . . . The fascinating life story of an impassioned mystical maverick.” —Kirkus Reviews“Best known as the man who coined the phrase “near-death experience” . . . Moody is candid and upfront about his life working with near-death experiences, past-life regression, and mirror gazing. . . . An interesting addition to any library.” —Library Journal“Moody radically changed the way modern humans think about the afterlife. Paranormal is a thrilling and inspiring literary experience.” —Larry Dossey, MD, author of Healing Words and The Power of Premonitions
Paranormale Behauptungen auf dem Prüfstand: Von Wünschelruten, Elektrosmog und Parapsychologie
by Michael JachanDieses Sachbuch bietet eine tiefgehende und verständliche Einführung in die Welt der Wissenschaft und Pseudowissenschaften. Mit praktischen Anleitungen zur Durchführung von Psi-Tests zu Hause, die nur Papier, Bleistift und eine Münze benötigen, vermittelt es auf einfache Weise die Prinzipien wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Lerne, wie Wissenschaftler*innen im Labor arbeiten, und, wie diese Techniken auf alltägliche Behauptungen angewendet werden können. Erfahre etwas über die skurrilen und oft irrtümlichen Überzeugungen, die auch renommierte Wissenschaftler*innen immer wieder hegen. Mit Themen wie Pseudowissenschaft, Doppelblindversuch, Placebo-Effekt, Psi-Test, Elektrosensibilität, Geistheilung und mehr, spannt das Buch einen Bogen von den alten Griechen über Isaac Newton bis ins 21. Jahrhundert. Es vermittelt die Grundlagen der Wissenschaftsgeschichte sowie -theorie und bietet einen praxisnahen Einblick in die Durchführung von Experimenten. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der Problemlösung: Leser*innen werden befähigt, sich und ihr Umfeld vor Scharlatan*innen zu schützen, indem sie lernen, paranormale Behauptungen kritisch zu hinterfragen. Entdecke, ob hinter Esoterik und Pseudomedizin tatsächlich etwas steckt und wie du mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden zu einer fundierten Beurteilung gelangen kannst.
Paraoxonases in Inflammation, Infection, and Toxicology
by Srinivasa T. ReddyThe pivotal role of the Paraoxonases (PON) family in a variety of inflammatory diseases, e.g. atherosclerosis, in preventing the toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents and a variety of other compounds has made them an interesting target for both clinicians and scientists alike. Research into the paraoxonase (PON) family of enzymes (PON1, PON2 and PON3) has increased exponentially over the last five years especially following the initiation of paraoxonase conferences. The objectives of the 3rd ICP remains the same as the previous two conferences: to disseminate the latest aspects of research into the genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, regulation of PONs and their roles in inflammatory diseases e.g. atherosclerosis with expert lectures from 20 invited plenary lecturers and another 30-40 short and poster presentations from young investigators. The conference organizers anticipate a global attendance at the conference of between 150- 200 persons. Particular aspects of this conference will include the Bert N La Du Memorial Lecture, 3 Memorial Traveling Fellowships for Young Investigators and a round table discussion on the impact of the latest research on PON. UCLA provides a great venue for students, postdoctoral fellows and clinical scientists to interact with experts in the PON fields of study. The explosion of research into the PON family makes this a timely conference to review recent exciting advances in the field and provide an environment for cross-fertilization of ideas, particularly important for researchers new to the field.
Paraproteinemia and Related Disorders
by Gaafar Ragab Hadi Goubran Luca QuartuccioThis book presents paraproteinemia and the highly complex scientific information behind it to clinicians in a way they can understand and, ultimately, apply to their diagnostic and treatment practices. Paraproteinemia or dysproteinemia is characterized by the overproduction of an immunoglobulin by clonal expansion of cells from the B cells lineage which includes the plasma cells. The resultant monoclonal protein can be composed of the entire immunoglobulin or of its components. The identification and categorization of the different representatives of this group of disorders have traveled a long distance, but despite its high prevalence there is surprisingly limited evidence, in some areas, to guide the best clinical practice both at the time of diagnosis and during follow up. This book seeks to fill that gap. The book is divided into three sections, introductory chapters, disease entities and experimental therapies. The text guides clinicians through these diseases and disorders. The group of renal diseases attributed to deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins or their components are arranged as one disease category in order to simplify the understanding of these complicated diseases in plasma cell dysplasia. In emulation of this practical approach, at a larger scale, the volume editors and chapter authors attempt to encompass the whole spectrum of the paraproteinemias in this text. This will have the dual benefit of offering the audience a panoramic view of this group of disorders and simultaneously keeping them focused on its individual representatives. There have been many recent advances in diagnosis, risk stratifications, and management of many members of this group of diseases and they are explored in depth here. This is an ideal guide for rheumatologists, hematologists, nephrologists, immunologists, oncologists, and relevant trainees caring for patients with paraproteinemia and related disorders.
Parasite Diversity and Diversification
by Serge Morand Serge Morand Boris R. Krasnov D. Timothy J. Littlewood Boris R. KrasnovThe development of molecular tools has dramatically increased our knowledge of parasite diversity and the vectors that transmit them. From viruses and protists to arthropods and helminths, each branch of the Tree of Life offers an insight into significant, yet cryptic, biodiversity. Alongside this, the studies of host-parasite interactions and parasitism have influenced many scientific disciplines, such as biogeography and evolutionary ecology, by using comparative methods based on phylogenetic information to unravel shared evolutionary histories. Parasite Diversity and Diversification brings together two active fields of research, phylogenetics and evolutionary ecology, to reveal and explain the patterns of parasite diversity and the diversification of their hosts. This book will encourage students and researchers in the fields of ecology and evolution of parasitism, as well as animal and human health, to integrate phylogenetics into the investigation of parasitism in evolutionary ecology, health ecology, medicine and conservation.
Parasite Genomics: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2369)
by Luis M. de Pablos Javier SotilloThis detailed book provides a comprehensive series of innovative research techniques and methodologies applied to the parasite genomics research area, all applying different approaches to analyzing parasite genomes and furthering the study of genetic complexity and the mechanisms of regulation. Beginning with chapters on novel sequencing and the bioinformatics pipeline, the volume continues by exploring diagnostic approaches using genomic tools, host-parasite interactions, as well as the genomics of parasite-derived extracellular vesicles. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Parasite Genomics: Methods and Protocols creates a detailed picture of genomic approaches for researchers seeking a better understanding of characterizing parasite nucleic acid content.
Parasite and Disease Spread by Major Rivers on Earth: Past and Future Perspectives (Parasitology Research Monographs #12)
by Sven Klimpel Heinz MehlhornThis book focuses on waterborne pathogens and significant diseases occurring along major rivers around the globe, including key examples like the Amazonas, Mekong River and Nile. Written by leading international experts, it offers unique insights into local riverine infection risks in times of global warming, and addressing these through advances in diagnosis, health management and the development of simple but effective control measures. It also sheds light on why former societies collapsed due to transmitted diseases during periods of climate change, droughts and floods, to help establish effective preventive measures for the future. The book appeals to a wide readership, from scientists in the field of parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, to healthcare managers and general readers with an interest in pathogen spread along the largest rivers on earth. It particularly highlights past and current control mechanisms in times of global warming and assesses potential future health hazards.
Parasiten: Insekten, Würmer, Einzeller – verdrängte Plagegeister? (essentials)
by Friedrich FrischknechtFriedrich Frischknecht gibt einen interessanten Einblick in die Lebensweisen von Parasiten. Vom kleinen Erreger der Malaria zum Bandwurm, vom Durchfall zur Verhaltensänderung des Wirts stellt er die faszinierende Welt der Parasiten vor. Dabei verdeutlicht er, warum Parasitismus eine so erfolgreiche Lebensweise darstellt und wie wir es trotzdem schaffen könnten, die schlimmsten Parasiten auszurotten.Der Autor:Prof. Dr. Friedrich Frischknecht hat nach dem Studium der Biochemie an der Freien Universität Berlin am Europäischen Molekularbiologischen Laboratorium (EMBL) in Heidelberg über Pockenviren promoviert. Nach einem Forschungsaufenthalt am Institut Pasteur in Paris leitet er seit 2005 eine Forschungsgruppe am Universitätsklinikum in Heidelberg und beschäftigt sich mit den molekularen Grundlagen der Bewegung von Malariaparasiten.
Parasites and Pets: A Veterinary Nursing Guide
by John McGarry Hany Elsheikha Dr Ian WrightThis book, primarily focussing on parasitic diseases of cats and dogs, is designed specifically for veterinary nurses and students and adopts an enquiry based approach essential for consolidating knowledge and a deep practical understanding of this important subject. The book goes beyond the conventional discourse of parasitology books, with each chapter addressing questions commonly posed by clients. It is illustrated throughout with colour figures and readers can assess their knowledge and areas for development by completing the end of chapter self-assessment questions. In this way, the veterinary nurse will be fully equipped to professionally support veterinary surgeons in achieving optimal strategies for management of parasitic diseases of companion animals. Provides a unique enquiry-based approach to assist veterinary nurses and technicians in gaining essential knowledge and practical understanding of parasites Contains self-assessment MCQ sections designed to encourage the reader to question their practice, rationales, and the evidence base of parasitology care delivery they provide to patients Focuses on the dog and cat, the most commonly seen pets
Parasites and Pets: A Veterinary Nursing Guide
by Ian Wright John McGarry Hany M. ElsheikhaThis book is designed specifically for veterinary nurses and veterinary nursing students, and adopts an inquiry-based approach to assist veterinary nurses in gaining the essential knowledge and practical understanding necessary to excel in supporting veterinary surgeons to achieve an optimal management of parasitic diseases of dogs and cats. Supported by figures and ending with learning outcomes, each chapter includes a number of questions and answers about a major group of parasites. Readers can also identify their own abilities and areas for development by completing the end-of-chapter self-assessment questions, answers to which can be found at the back of the book. The questions are designed to encourage veterinary nurses to question their practice, rationales, and the evidence base of parasitology care delivery they provide to the patients. By completing all chapters and associated exercises within this book, the readers will gain the essential parasitology knowledge and professional skills needed for parasitology practice.
Parasites and their vectors
by Yvonne Ai Lian Lim Indra VythilingamSoutheast Asia is a region where a myriad of infections are endemic. It is a hotspot region for parasitic diseases. Currently, information on parasitic infections and vectors found in Southeast Asia is sporadic and there has been no attempt to extensively collate and integrate these data. Gaps in our knowledge, which include disease patterns, transmission dynamics and vectors still exist. This book highlights parasitic diseases that are peculiar to Southeast Asia, pinpoints similarities and differences between disease patterns in the respective member countries and provide information on new emerging parasitic diseases in this region. Critically, this book will heighten understanding of parasitic diseases and their vectors in this diverse region and this knowledge will be significant for future regional research efforts in this field.
Parasites in Ecological Communities
by Melanie J. Hatcher Alison M. DunnInteractions between competitors, predators and their prey have traditionally been viewed as the foundation of community structure. Parasites - long ignored in community ecology - are now recognized as playing an important part in influencing species interactions and consequently affecting ecosystem function. Parasitism can interact with other ecological drivers, resulting in both detrimental and beneficial effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health. Species interactions involving parasites are also key to understanding many biological invasions and emerging infectious diseases. This book bridges the gap between community ecology and epidemiology to create a wide-ranging examination of how parasites and pathogens affect all aspects of ecological communities, enabling the new generation of ecologists to include parasites as a key consideration in their studies. This comprehensive guide to a newly emerging field is of relevance to academics, practitioners and graduates in biodiversity, conservation and population management, and animal and human health.