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Review Questions for MRI
by William H. Faulkner Jr. Carolyn Kaut RothMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the fastest growing modality in diagnostic imaging. There are now thousands of MRI facilities across the United States and around the world, employing huge numbers of technologists. The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists has, with the help of experts in the MRI and educational fields, devised a multiple choice examination that is intended to ensure that all technologists have the required level of knowledge to practice MRI safely and competently. Carolyn Kaut and William Faulkener, experts in the field of MRI education, have compiled this book to help students prepare for the registry examination. The questions follow the structure of the syllabus and are intended to help readers test their understanding of the subject and identify any gaps in their knowledge. The book is extremely comprehensive, covering all the aspects of the examination, including patient care and safety, imaging procedures, pulse sequences and data acquisition, and imaging artifacts and options.
Review Questions for MRI
by William H. Faulkner Jr. Carolyn Kaut Roth** New revised second edition now available, with errors corrected and content fully updated ** The second edition of the classic text has been revised and extended to meet the needs of today’s practising and training MRI technologists who intend to sit for the American Registry of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists (ARMRIT) examination. It provides Q&As on topics listed in the content specifications offered by the American Registry for Radiologic Technologists (AART) and offers the user with a comprehensive review of the principles and applications of MRI to prepare them for the examination.
Review Questions for Microbiology and Immunology: A Review for the USMLE, Step 1, 2 and 3 Examinations
by A.C. Reese C.N. Nair G.H. BrownellThis is a review text on medical microbiology and immunology containing approximately 625 board-type review questions on left-hand pages with answers and explanations on facing right-hand pages. It is designed for medical students taking microbiology as well as for those studying for Step 1 of the National Board Exams and is also useful for Step 3
Review Questions for Ultrasound: A Sonographer's Exam Guide
by J.A. MillerThis is a comprehensive, large-format review text with complete answers for the American national examination of the Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (RDMS). It contains 600 questions divided evenly between sections on physics, the abdomen and small parts, and obstetrics and gynecology. The authors combine many years of experience teaching diagnostic ultrasound and provide illustrative scans and drawings for added comprehension.
Review Questions for the USMLE, Step 3 Examination
by Arshad MajidThe United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 3 is the final step of the USMLE examination series. The focus of the Step 3 examination is on the clinical sciences, physical examination, data interpretation, and appropriate management in different clinical settings. Review Questions for The USMLE Step 3 Examination contains over 400 'high yield' questions carefully written to cover the material typically found on the actual exam, allowing you to identify areas that need greater focus in your preparation. In addition, like the actual exam, this review book contains high quality color plates in a special section of the book. It is clearly not possible for any text to cover all the material encountered on the actual examination. However, there are certain topics, because of their clinical importance, that are examined year after year. Providing coverage of favorite USMLE topics and an easy-to-use layout, this book familiarizes you with the format of the examination and the areas that need further study in your overall preparation. You can work through this book piece by piece, focusing on the subjects in any order that is convenient for you. Or you may work through the book by simulating the examination and becoming familiar with the format and time limit. Review Questions for the USMLE Step 3 Examination helps you focus and plan the time you need to study, and the areas in which you should put most of your efforts.
Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents
by Subcommittee on Toxicity Values for Selected Nerve Vesicant AgentsA Review of Acute Human-Toxicity Estimates for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents
Review of Disability Evaluation Study Design: Third Interim Report
by Committee to Review the Social Security Administration's Disability Decision Process ResearchThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Review of Radiologic Physics
by William SensakovicOffering a complete review for radiology residents and radiologic technologists preparing for certification, Review of Radiologic Physics, 5th Edition, by Dr. William F. Sensakovic, is a high-yield, efficient resource for today’s clinically focused exams. Now fully up to date, this edition covers x-ray production and interactions, projection and tomographic imaging, image quality, radiobiology, radiation protection, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance—all of the important physics information you need to understand the factors that improve or degrade image quality.
Review of Rheumatology
by Nona T. ColburnReview of Rheumatology is a synopsis of key areas of interest, making for an indispensable quick reference work. The material included reviews basic musculoskeletal anatomy, immunology, genetics, major rheumatic diseases and their pathophysiology, and major rheumatic therapeutics, as well as a unique chapter on the emerging autoinflammatory diseases. Review of Rheumatology is a clear and concise review book written in an outline format. This book is a quick and easily accessible reference not only for those preparing for the rheumatology board exams, but it also serves as a succinct reference for all health care workers interested in the field of rheumatology.
Review of the Department of Defense Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program Report
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesSoldiers deployed during the 1991 Persian Gulf War were exposed to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other airborne pollutants. Their exposures were largely the result of daily windblown dust, dust storms, and smoke from oil fires. On returning from deployment, many veterans complained of persistent respiratory symptoms. With the renewed activity in the Middle East over the last few years, deployed military personnel are again exposed to dust storms and daily windblown dust in addition to other types of PM, such as diesel exhaust and particles from open-pit burning. On the basis of the high concentrations observed and concerns about the potential health effects, DOD designed and implemented a study to characterize and quantify the PM in the ambient environment at 15 sites in the Middle East. The endeavor is known as the DOD Enhanced Particulate Matter Surveillance Program (EPMSP). The U.S. Army asked the National Research Council to review the EPMSP report. In response, the present evaluation considers the potential acute and chronic health implications on the basis of information presented in the report. It also considers epidemiologic and health-surveillance data collected by the USACHPPM, to assess potential health implications for deployed personnel, and recommends methods for reducing or characterizing health risks.
Review of the DoD-GEIS Influenza Programs: Strengthening Global Surveillance and Response
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Review of the Draft Interagency Report on the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States
by Engineering Medicine National Academies of ScienceThe U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA; Melillo et al., 2014) identified a number of ways in which climate change is affecting or is likely to affect, people, infrastructure, natural resources, and ecosystems. Those impacts in turn have the potential for important current and future consequences for human health. Research on these impacts is active, with strong evidence to support some aspects and research still in progress for others. Therefore, there is a need to assess our understanding of how the impacts of climate change on the environment can create stressors that can affect human health in a number of dimensions both now and in the future. <P> In response to this need, the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) has initiated an interagency Assessment on the Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States. The Assessment is intended to inform public health authorities, other planning and policy entities, and the general public. It extends the work begun under the 2008 Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.6 (USGCRP, 2008) Analyses of the Effects of Global Change on Human Health and Welfare and Human Systems and the third NCA released in 2014.
Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Tetrachloroethylene
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesTetrachloroethylene is a volatile, chlorinated organic hydrocarbon that is widely used as a solvent in the dry-cleaning and textile-processing industries and as an agent for degreasing metal parts. It is an environmental contaminant that has been detected in the air, groundwater, surface waters, and soil. In June 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency released its draft Toxicological Review of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) (CAS No. 127-18-4) in Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). The draft IRIS assessment provides quantitative estimates of cancer and noncancer effects of exposure to tetrachloreothylene, which will be used to establish airquality and water-quality standards to protect public health and to set cleanup standards for hazardous waste sites. At the request of EPA, the National Research Council conducted an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment of tetrachloroethylene from toxicologic, epidemiologic, and human clinical perspectives. The resulting book evaluates the adequacy of the EPA assessment, the data and methods used for deriving the noncancer values for inhalation and oral exposures and the oral and inhalation cancer unit risks posed by tetrachloroethylene; evaluates whether the key studies underlying the draft IRIS assessment are of requisite quality, reliability, and relevance to support the derivation of the reference values and cancer risks; evaluates whether the uncertainties in EPA's risk assessment were adequately described and, where possible, quantified; and identifies research that could reduce the uncertainty in the current understanding of human health effects associated with tetrachloroethylene exposure.
Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response Relationships as they Apply to Endocrine Disruptors
by National Research Council of the National AcademiesPotential health effects of chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern about their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biologic processes throughout the body and can be sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development—the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of the research has identified dose–response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose–response (NMDR) curves are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that toxic response decreases as dose decreases. The slope of a NMDR curve changes sign, and the function can take on the shape of a U, the shape of an inverted U, or another shape that has more than one inflection point. <P> The existence of NMDR curves has been controversial for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for the testing of chemicals and the assessment of risks posed by chemicals. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose–response relationships, so they are aimed at finding a dose that is high enough to elicit a response and exploring dose–response relationships by spacing lower doses to identify a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) or a lowest observed-adverse-effect level. One concern raised by NMDR relationships is that such studies as currently designed might not detect critical points (such as peaks and valleys) along a dose–response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the inflection point occurs below the doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDR relationships are found in connection with biologic effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDR relationships, changes in risk-assessment practices might be necessary.
Review of the Fialuridine (FIAU) Clinical Trials
by Committee to Review the Fialuridine (FIAU/FIAC) Clinical TrialsIn June 1993 a clinical trial of fialuridine (FIAU), a promising new medication for hepatitis B, was abruptly terminated when one of the 15 out-patients participating in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) study was suddenly hospitalized with liver failure. Although all the remaining patients were contacted and told to stop taking their medication, six more subsequently developed severe toxicity. Five patients died, and two others were probably saved from death only by having liver transplants. In response to a request from the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, the IOM committee has analyzed the FIAU clinical trials, making recommendations for additional safeguards for the conduct of future clinical trials. This evaluation included the review of documents pertaining to investigational new drug submissions, protocols and consent forms from other clinical trials, as well as information available from other clinical and preclinical experience with compounds related to FIAU and its parent drug, fiacitibine (FIAC), which is metabolized to FIAU. The committee does not seek to affix responsibility for the adverse outcome of this NIH trial, but instead focuses on whether any rules or procedures governing the clinical trials process itself need to be changed, and if so, what burdens or costs such changes might place on future clinical trials.
Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens
by Committee to Review the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on CarcinogensMany people in the United States are exposed to formaldehyde. Exposure can occur from environmental sources (for example, combustion processes, building materials, and tobacco smoke) or in occupational settings (for example, the furniture, textile, and construction industries). Formaldehyde exposure also has endogenous sources--it is produced intracellularly as a component of the one carbon pool intermediary metabolism pathway. Scientists have studied formaldehyde for decades to determine whether exogenous formaldehyde exposure may be associated with cancer in humans. In 1981, The National Toxicology Program (NTP) first listed formaldehyde in the 2nd Report on Carcinogens as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. " In 2011, NTP upgraded the listing of formaldehyde to "known to be a human carcinogen. " Following the new listing, Congress directed the Department of Health and Human Services to arrange for the National Academy of Sciences to independently review formaldehyde's substance profile and listing. This report presents the findings and conclusions of the committee formed in response to the congressional request. "Review of the Formaldehyde Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens" concurs with NTP that there is sufficient evidence in studies that had adequate characterization of relevant exposure metrics to enable a strong conclusion about the association between formaldehyde exposure and cancer in humans. Additionally, the authoring committee independently reviewed the scientific evidence from studies in humans, experimental animals, and other studies relevant to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and made level-of-evidence conclusions. This report finds clear and convincing epidemiologic evidence of an association between formaldehyde exposure and nasopharyngeal and sinonasal cancers in humans.
Review of the HIVNET 012 Perinatal HIV Prevention Study
by Institute of Medicine of the National AcademiesThe National Academies Press (NAP)--publisher for the National Academies--publishes more than 200 books a year offering the most authoritative views, definitive information, and groundbreaking recommendations on a wide range of topics in science, engineering, and health. Our books are unique in that they are authored by the nation's leading experts in every scientific field.
Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report
by National Research CouncilA Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report
Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens
by Committee to Review the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on CarcinogensMany people in the United States are exposed to styrene. Sources of environmental exposure included food (from migration of styrene from polymer packaging materials), cigarette smoke, vehicle exhaust and other forms of combustion and incineration of styrene polymers. Occupational exposure to humans can occur during the industrial processing of styrene. It is used to create a broad spectrum of products, including latex paints and coatings; synthetic rubbers; construction materials, such as pipes, fittings, and lighting fixtures; packaging; household goods, such as synthetic marble, flooring, and molded furnishings; and automotive parts. In 2011, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) listed styrene as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" in its 12th Report on Carcinogens, marking the first time that the substance was listed. Congress directed the Department of Health and Human Services to arrange for the National Academy of Sciences to independently review the substance profile of styrene and it listing in the NTP report. "Review of the Styrene Assessment in the National Toxicology Program 12th Report on Carcinogens" concurs with the NTP determination that there is limited but credible evidence that exposure to styrene in some occupational settings is associated with an increase in the frequency of lymphohematopoietic cancers. Additionally, the NRC report authoring committee independently reviewed the scientific evidence from studies in humans, experimental animals, and other studies relevant to the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and made level-of-evidence conclusions. Based on credible but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in traditional epidemiologic studies, on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animals, and on convincing evidence that styrene is genotoxic in exposed humans, this report finds that compelling evidence exists to support a listing of styrene as, at a minimum, "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. "
Reviews in Fluorescence 2008
by Chris D. GeddesThis is the fifth volume in the Reviews in Fluorescence series. To date, four volumes have been both published and well received by the scientific community. Several book reviews in the last few years have also favourably remarked on the series. In this 5th volume we continue the tradition of publishing leading edge and timely articles from authors around the world. We thank the authors for their timely and exciting contributions. We hope you will find this volume as useful as past volumes, which promises to be just as diverse with regard to fluorescence-based content.
Reviews in Fluorescence 2010
by Chris D. GeddesReviews in Fluorescence 2010, the seventh volume of the book serial from Springer, serves as a comprehensive collection of current trends and emerging hot topics in the field of fluorescence and closely related disciplines. It summarizes the year’s progress in fluorescence and its applications, with authoritative analytical reviews specialized enough to be attractive to professional researchers, yet also appealing to the wider audience of scientists in related disciplines of fluorescence. Reviews in Fluorescence offers an essential reference material for any lab working in the fluorescence field and related areas. All academics, bench scientists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in the continuously emerging field of fluorescence will find it an invaluable resource. Key features: Accessible utility in a single volume reference. chapters authored by known leading figures in the fluorescence field, new volume publishes annually, comprehensive coverage of the year's hottest and emerging topics, each Reviews in Fluorescence volume is citable (ISI) and indexed. Reviews in Fluorescence 2010 topics include: Novel Metal-based Luminophores for Biological Imaging. hydration Dynamics of Probes and Peptides in Captivity, how does tobacco etch viral mRNA get translated? A fluorescence study of competition, stability and kinetics, synchronous Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Its Applications in Clinical Analysis and Food Safety Evaluation, quantitative molecular imaging in living cells via FLIM, a Multiparametric Imaging of Cellular Coenzymes for Monitoring Metabolic and Mitochondrial Activities, optimal Conditions for Live Cell Microscopy and Raster Image Correlation Spectroscopy (RICS).
Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity
by Victor R. Preedy Ronald R. WatsonFoot and mouth disease, CJD, GM, and fears about modern methods of food production have put food safety in the spotlight. In addition, the food industry is increasingly reliant upon technological innovation, requiring anyone connected with food safety to keep abreast of the key issues and advances. Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Vo
Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 2
by Victor R. Preedy Ronald R. WatsonThis second volume of Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity follows on directly from the successes of the first volume published last year. This series disseminates important data pertaining to food and nutrition safety and toxicology that is relevant to humans. Chapters in this series extend from the introduction of toxins in the manufacture or p
Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 3
by Victor R. PreedyIncluding the latest reviews of the most current issues related to food and nutrition toxicity, Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 3 distills a wide range of research on food safety and food technology. Put together by a strong team with a wealth of broad experience, the continuation of this important new series includes contributions f
Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 4
by Victor R. Preedy Ronald Ross WatsonReviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity, Volume 4 includes the most recent reviews of current issues involved in the toxicity of food and nutrients. With contributors from the fields of medicine, public health, and environmental science, the continuation of this series distills a broad range of research on food safety and food technology. Vo