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The Ethics of Coercion in Mass Casualty Medicine
by Griffin TrotterDisasters, both natural and manufactured, provide ample opportunities for official coercion. Authorities may enact quarantines, force evacuations, and commandeer people and supplies—all in the name of the public's health. When might such extreme actions be justified, and how does a democratic society ensure that public officials exercise care and forethought to avoid running roughshod over human rights?In The Ethics of Coercion in Mass Casualty Medicine, Griffin Trotter explores these fundamental questions with skepticism, debunking myths in pursuit of an elusive ethical balance between individual liberties and public security. Through real-life and hypothetical case studies, Trotter discusses when forced compliance is justified and when it is not, how legitimate force should be exercised and implemented, and what societies can do to protect themselves against excessive coercion. The guidelines that emerge are both practical and practicable. Drawing on core concepts from bioethics, political philosophy, public health, sociology, and medicine, this timely book lays the groundwork for a new vision of official disaster response based on preventing and minimizing the need for coercive action.
The Ethics of Gender-Specific Disease (Routledge Annals of Bioethics)
by Mary Ann CutterOur understanding of gender carries significant bioethical implications. An errant account of gender-specific disease can lead to overgeneralizations, undergeneralizations, and misdiagnoses. It can also lead to problems in the structure of health-care delivery, the creation of policy, and the development of clinical curricula. In this volume, Cutter argues that gender-specific disease and related bioethical discourses are philosophically integrative. Gender-specific disease is integrative because the descriptive roles of gender, disease, and their relation are inextricably tied to their prescriptive roles within frames of reference. An integrative account of gender-specific disease carries ethical implications because our understanding of gender-specific disease is evaluative, and our evaluations of gender-specific disease entail judgments concerning the praiseworthiness and blameworthiness of a clinical event. Cutter supports a "both/and" emphasis on context and integration in relation to gender-specific disease and bioethical analyses. While the text mainly focuses on gender-specific diseases that affect women, Cutter also includes examples involving men, children, and members of the LGBT community.
The Ethics of Genetic Engineering (Routledge Annals of Bioethics #Vol. 4)
by Roberta M. BerryHuman genetic engineering may soon be possible. The gathering debate about this prospect already threatens to become mired in irresolvable disagreement. After surveying the scientific and technological developments that have brought us to this pass, The Ethics of Genetic Engineering focuses on the ethical and policy debate, noting the deep divide that separates proponents and opponents. The book locates the source of this divide in differing framing assumptions: reductionist pluralist on one side, holist communitarian on the other. The book argues that we must bridge this divide, drawing on the resources from both encampments, if we are to understand and cope with the distinctive problems posed by genetic engineering. These problems, termed "fractious problems," are novel, complex, ethically fraught, unavoidably of public concern, and unavoidably divisive. Berry examines three prominent ethical and political theories – utilitarianism, Kantianism, and virtue ethics – to consider their competency in bridging the divide and addressing these fractious problems. The book concludes that virtue ethics can best guide parental decision making and that a new policymaking approach sketched here, a "navigational approach," can best guide policymaking. These approaches enable us to gain a rich understanding of the problems posed and to craft resolutions adequate to their challenges.
The Ethics of Group Psychotherapy: Principles and Practical Strategies (AGPA Group Therapy Training and Practice Series)
by Virginia Brabender Rebecca MacNair-SemandsThe Ethics of Group Psychotherapy provides group psychotherapists with the ethical and legal foundation needed to engage in effective decision-making in their everyday group practices. This text provides readers with a framework for understanding ethical dilemmas through a review of major models of ethical thinking, including principlism, feminism and the ethics of care, and virtue ethics. The authors use this foundation to explore those problems emerging most routinely in group practice, among which are safeguarding members’ personal information, protecting members’ autonomy, and helping members to process differences—particularly those related to privilege and oppression—in a way that furthers interpersonal relations and social justice. Throughout the text, practical tools such as using assessments to aid in member selection and tracking progress and outcome through measurement-based care are offered that bolster the group psychotherapist’s effectiveness in ethical decision-making. Featuring questions for discussion and items to assess the reader’s master of the material, this text will be a valuable tool in classroom and small-group learning.
The Ethics of Medical Data Donation (Philosophical Studies Series #137)
by Luciano Floridi Jenny KrutzinnaThis open access book presents an ethical approach to utilizing personal medical data. It features essays that combine academic argument with practical application of ethical principles. The contributors are experts in ethics and law. They address the challenges in the re-use of medical data of the deceased on a voluntary basis. This pioneering study looks at the many factors involved when individuals and organizations wish to share information for research, policy-making, and humanitarian purposes. Today, it is easy to donate blood or even organs, but it is virtually impossible to donate one’s own medical data. This is seen as ethically unacceptable. Yet, data donation can greatly benefit the welfare of our societies. This collection provides timely interdisciplinary research on biomedical big data. Topics include the ethics of data donation, the legal and regulatory challenges, and the current and future collaborations. Readers will learn about the ethical and regulatory challenges associated with medical data donations. They will also better understand the special nature of using deceased data for research purposes with regard to ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice. In addition, the contributors identify the key governance issues of such a scheme. The essays also look at what we can learn in terms of best practice from existing medical data schemes.
The Ethics of Personalised Medicine: Critical Perspectives
by Verena Sandow Jan Schildmann Jochen VollmannIn recent times, the phrase ’personalised medicine’ has become the symbol of medical progress and a label for better health care in the future. However, a controversial debate has developed around whether these promises of better, more personal and more cost-efficient medicine are realistic. This book brings together leading researchers from across Europe and North America, from both normative and empirical disciplines, who take a more critical view of the often encountered hype associated with personalised medicine. Partially drawing on a four year collaborative research project funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research, the book presents a multidisciplinary debate on the current state of research on the ethical, legal and social implications of personalised medicine. At a time when future health care is a topic of much discussion, this book provides valuable policy recommendations for the way forward. This study will be of interest to researchers from various disciplines including philosophy, bioethics, law and social sciences.
The Ethics of Pregnancy, Abortion and Childbirth: Exploring Moral Choices in Childbearing (Routledge Annals of Bioethics)
by Helen WattThe Ethics of Pregnancy, Abortion and Childbirth addresses the unique moral questions raised by pregnancy and its intimate bodily nature. From assisted reproduction to abortion and ‘vital conflict’ resolution to more everyday concerns of the pregnant woman, this book argues for pregnancy as a close human relationship with the woman as guardian or custodian. Four approaches to pregnancy are explored: ‘uni-personal’, ‘neighborly’, ‘maternal’ and ‘spousal’. The author challenges not only the view that there is only one moral subject to consider in pregnancy, but also the idea that the location of the fetus lacks all inherent, unique significance. It is argued that the pregnant woman is not a mere ‘neighbor’ or helpful stranger to the fetus but is rather already in a real familial relationship bringing real familial rights and obligations. If the status of the fetus is conclusive for at least some moral questions raised by pregnancy, so too are facts about its bodily relationship with, and presence in, the woman who supports it. This lucid, accessible and original book explores fundamental ethical issues in a rich and often neglected area of philosophy in ways of interest also to those from other disciplines.
The Ethics of Rapid Tissue Donation: Constructing a Formal and Substantial Informed Consent Process (The International Library of Bioethics #85)
by Chiara MannelliThis book offers a reflection on the central role that the ethics of informed consent plays in Rapid Tissue Donation (RTD). RTD is an advanced oncology procedure that involves the procurement, for research purposes, of “fresh” tissues within two to six hours of a cancer patient’s death. Since RTD involves the retrieval of tissues after death, and since the collected tissues are of great importance for medical research, the need for any form of informed consent to regulate this procedure has been questioned. This book argues for the necessity of informed consent to govern RTD, and it provides the reader with a bespoke informed consent process applicable to cancer patients. The analysis unfolds at the intersection between applied ethics, public health ethics, and clinical ethics, and it is informed by philosophical theories of informed consent and by the social implications of individual choices. By viewing medical issues relating to informed consent in oncology from an ethical perspective, the book combines philosophical analysis with discussion of concrete cancer-related issues. As a result, the book is suitable for readers interested in ethical reasoning as well as for those with a medical background. It contributes to contemporary research by offering an original analysis that relies on a rigorous philosophical approach to address innovative issues at the cutting edge of medical research and policy making.
The Ethics of Screening in Health Care and Medicine: Serving Society or Serving the Patient?
by Niklas Juth Christian MuntheMedical or health-oriented screening programs are amongst the most debated aspects of health care and public health practices in health care and public health ethics, as well as health policy discussions. In spite of this, most treatments of screening in the research literature restrict themselves to isolated scientific aspects, sometimes complemented by economic analyses or loose speculations regarding policy aspects. At the same time, recent advances in medical genetics and technology, as well as a rapidly growing societal focus on public health concerns, inspires an increase in suggested or recently started screening programs. This book involves an in-depth analysis of the ethical, political and philosophical issues related to health-oriented screening programs. It explores the considerations that arise when heath care interacts with other societal institutions on a large scale, as is the case with screening: What values may be promoted or compromised by screening programs? What conflicts of values do typically arise " both internally and in relation to the goals of health care, on the one hand, and the goals of public health and the general society, on the other? What aspects of screening are relevant for determining whether it should be undertaken or not and how it should be organised in order to remain defensible? What implications does the ethics of screening have for health care ethics as a whole? These questions are addressed by applying philosophical methods of conceptual analysis, as well as models and theories from moral and political philosophy, medical ethics, and public health ethics, to a large number of ongoing and proposed screening programs which makes this book the first comprehensive work on the ethics of screening. Analyses and suggestions are made that are of potential interest to health care staff, medical researchers, policy makers and the general public.
The Ethics of Touch: The Hands-on Practitioner's Guide to Creating a Professional Safe and Enduring Practice (Second Edition)
by Cherie Sohnen-Moe Ben E. BenjaminThe authors directly address the difficult, confusing, and seldom-discussed-but-often-troubling dilemmas confronting touch therapy practitioners and help in expanding their knowledge about the field of ethics.
The Ethics of Vaccination (Palgrave Studies in Ethics and Public Policy)
by Alberto GiubiliniThis open access book discusses individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to vaccination from the perspective of philosophy and public health ethics. It addresses the issue of what it means for a collective to be morally responsible for the realisation of herd immunity and what the implications of collective responsibility are for individual and institutional responsibilities.The first chapter introduces some key concepts in the vaccination debate, such as ‘herd immunity’, ‘public goods’, and ‘vaccine refusal’; and explains why failure to vaccinate raises certain ethical issues. The second chapter analyses, from a philosophical perspective, the relationship between individual, collective, and institutional responsibilities with regard to the realisation of herd immunity. The third chapter is about the principle of least restrictive alternative in public health ethics and its implications for vaccination policies. Finally, the fourth chapter presents an ethical argument for unqualified compulsory vaccination, i.e. for compulsory vaccination that does not allow for any conscientious objection. The book will appeal to philosophers interested in public health ethics and the general public interested in the philosophical underpinning of different arguments about our moral obligations with regard to vaccination.
The Ethics of the New Eugenics
by Calum Mackellar Christopher BechtelStrategies or decisions aimed at affecting, in a manner considered to be positive, the genetic heritage of a child in the context of human reproduction are increasingly being accepted in contemporary society. As a result, unnerving similarities between earlier selection ideology so central to the discredited eugenic regimes of the 20th century and those now on offer suggest that a new era of eugenics has dawned. The time is ripe, therefore, for considering and evaluating from an ethical perspective both current and future selection practices. This inter-disciplinary volume blends research from embryology, genetics, philosophy, sociology, psychology, and history. In so doing, it constructs a thorough picture of the procedures emerging from today's reproductive developments, including a rigorous ethical argumentation concerning the possible advantages and risks related to the new eugenics.
The Ethnographic Radiographer
by Ruth M. StrudwickWritten from the perspective of a diagnostic radiography educator, this book introduces readers to ethnography as a methodology and examines how an ethnographic researcher sees the world in which they live.
The Ethology of Domestic Animals: An Introductory Text
by John Bradshaw Georgia Mason Daniel Weary Joy Mench Linda Keeling Marek Spinka Professor Michael Mendl Hanno Würbel Dr Deborah Wells Anna Valros Susan Held Hanne Løvlie Susanne Waiblinger Professor Daniel Mills Cassandra Tucker Cathy Dwyer Anne-Lene HovlandCompletely updated, revised and redesigned in colour throughout, this classic bestselling text continues to provide a concise introduction to the important fundamentals of animal behaviour from genetics, physiology, motivation, learning and cognition, through to social and reproductive behaviour, abnormal behaviour and human-animal interactions. - Concise but comprehensive coverage of all the fundamentals of animal behaviour in companion, farm and laboratory animals. - Expert authors and key opinion leaders from around the world provide the latest evidence-based information on animal behaviour and welfare. - A revised layout and design, means it is easy to find key information at a glance, making it an ideal rapid revision tool. - New for the third edition: new chapters on fur animals with the inclusion of more species and expanded sections on canine behaviour. This text remains a highly respected, essential resource for both students and lecturers in animal and veterinary science, animal welfare, zoology and psychology.
The Etiology of Atopic Dermatitis
by Herbert B. AllenThis book will present completely new, unique findings in eczema: sweat ducts that become occluded with staphylococcal biofilms trigger the innate immune system with TLR2 receptor activity and this leads to production of the "itching" and inflammation in this disease. Dermatologists and pediatricians treat eczema exceedingly well and this is ordinarily accomplished with corticosteroid containing topicals. However, after treatment, it is intriguing that aggressive moisturization and cautious bathing will in most instances prevent future flares of the disease, even though it is precipitated by bacteria and their biofilms. Diseases where eczema has been found with a completely unrelated disorder have shown occluded sweat ducts on histopathologic examination. These include Meyerson's nevus which has a nevus and eczema in the same biopsy and Doucas Kapetanakis-type of pigmented purpuric dermatosis that shows occluded sweat ducts along with the capillaritis.
The Etiopathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease: A Heretical Theory Based on Morphology, Second Edition
by Giorgio Baroldi Malcolm D. SilverThe natural history of a heretic viewpoint on the functional significance of morphologic findings. Comparative pathologic study.Natural history of the human coronary atherosclerotic plaque and related forms of myocardial injuries.Findings in acute coronary syndromes.Revisiting dogma related to coronary artery disease.Adrenergic stress.
The Eukaryotic RNA Exosome: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2062)
by John LaCava Štěpánka VaňáčováThis volume provides a cross-section of RNA exosome research protocols, applied to a diversity of model organisms. Chapters guide readers through methods that e.g. delineate eukaryotic exosomes’ origins in prokaryotes, probe its RNA substrates, adapter complexes and macromolecular interaction of networks, and establish critical structural-function relationships. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Eukaryotic RNA Exosome: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
The Eukaryotic Replisome: a Guide to Protein Structure and Function
by Stuart MacneillHigh-fidelity chromosomal DNA replication underpins all life on the planet. In humans, there are clear links between chromosome replication defects and genome instability, genetic disease and cancer, making a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of genome duplication vital for future advances in diagnosis and treatment. Building on recent exciting advances in protein structure determination, the book will take the reader on a guided journey through the intricate molecular machinery of eukaryotic chromosome replication and provide an invaluable source of information, ideas and inspiration for all those with an interest in chromosome replication, whether from a basic science, translational biology and medical research perspective.
The EuroQol Group after 25 years
by Richard BrooksThe EuroQol Group first met in Rotterdam in May 1987 determined to develop a standardised non-disease-specific instrument for valuing health-related quality of life. The book traces the activities of the Group over the next 25 years. The instrument constructed, eventually named the EQ-5D, was translated into many languages and used in a wide range of countries and settings. The book describes how the instrument's descriptive system was determined, how translation and language issues were handled, and how valuations were provided. Recent developments, in particular a 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L), and a youth version (EQ-5D-Y) are covered. The history of the institutional and administrative framework within which the Group operated is also treated.
The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses: Under The Auspices Of Ebmt
by Michelle Kenyon Aleksandra BabicThis book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This textbook, endorsed by the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), provides adult and paediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing, from basic principles to advanced concepts. It takes the reader on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This new volume specifically intended for nurses, complements the ESH-EBMT reference title, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational tool in its own right.This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the first book of its kind specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes in this area. This volume presents information that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to update their knowledge.
The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses: Under the Auspices of EBMT
by Michelle Kenyon Aleksandra BabicThis Open Access Second Edition textbook, endorsed by the EBMT, provides adult and pediatric nurses with a full and informative guide covering all aspects of transplant nursing including a new chapter dedicated to cellular therapy, nursing implications and care. This book takes the reader from basic principles to advanced concepts on a journey through the history of transplant nursing, including essential and progressive elements to help nurses improve their knowledge and benefit the patient experience, as well as a comprehensive introduction to research and auditing methods. This second edition specifically intended for nurses, complements the EBMT Handbook, a popular educational resource originally developed in 2003 for physicians to accompany an annual training course also serving as an educational reference tool in its own right.This title is designed to develop the knowledge of nurses in transplantation. It is the only one of its kind written by nurse experts, specifically targeted at nurses in this specialist field and acknowledges the valuable contribution that nursing makes to patient care in this area. This new volume presents updated content that is essential for the education of nurses new to transplantation, while also offering a valuable resource for more experienced nurses who wish to refresh their knowledge. This Textbook is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
The European Health Data Space: Examining A New Era in Data Protection
by Santa Slokenberga Katharina Ó Cathaoir Mahsa ShabaniThis timely volume provides a comprehensive examination of how the proposed new European Health Data Space (EHDS) legislation will impact upon health and genetic data, individual privacy and providers of health services.With the current legal framework recognised as insufficient in protecting data-related rights, the book spotlights the opportunities and challenges posed by the EHDS in balancing the interests of individuals with policymakers and researchers. It considers the impact on individual EU member states while highlighting issues such as changes to patients’ rights, wearable technology, developments in e-health and the secondary use of medical data. Critically, it also examines how the EHDS will operate within existing legal frameworks, including the General Data Protection Regulation, the Data Governance Act and the Data Act.Including contributions from some of the leading scholars in this area, this groundbreaking book will be key reading for students and researchers across law and public health.Chapters 2, 10 and 11 have been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Chapter 5 has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
The Evaluation Handbook for Health Professionals
by Anne LazenbattThis easy-to-use handbook is a useful resource for all health professionals engaged in processes of evaluation in a variety of contexts within the world of healthcare. Encouraging an evidence-based approach to practice, it provides:* guidelines on how to design and evaluate an intervention* examples of good practice* reliable and easy-to-use measures* advice on how to work effectively.Designed to prompt self-evaluation and group project evaluation, it illustrates how simple evaluation methods can help to break down the divisions between research and practice. It shows how more practitioners can apply such methods to improve the quality of care as well as the treatments and services which they offer their patients and clients. The examples, drawn from clinical settings, community practice and work in the voluntary sector, demonstrate the kind of evaluation that can be undertaken by a small-scale team or a single practitioner with limited resources.The Evaluation Handbook will be a useful source of reference for those new to evaluation as well as more experienced managers and researchers.
The Evaluation and Treatment of Eating Disorders
by Diane GibsonThis important volume addresses a growing problem prevalent in hospitalized patients--eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Experts present the latest findings on the theories, evaluation, and treatment of this pernicious syndrome. Clearly written and up-to-the-minute, this outstanding collection of interdisciplinary vantage points, overlapping theories, and program applications will be of great value to front-line clinicians. Also included are historical perspectives, the treatment and rehabilitation of eating disorders, characteristics of families with eating disorders, and much more.
The Evaluator's Cookbook: Exercises for participatory evaluation with children and young people
by Angus McCabe Katrice HorsleyParticipation is a vital element of working with children and young people – ensuring that services are meeting their needs as well as promoting citizenship, resilience and general well-being. The Evaluator’s Cookbook contains 21 participatory evaluation exercises for use with children, young people and families/community groups. Attractively and clearly presented, the exercises are very easy to use and come with suggestions for use and instructions on how to create the equipment needed. They will appeal to a wide range of people and can be used in a variety of informal and formal settings and most of the exercises are suitable for use with disabled children or children with special needs, as well as people with English as a second language. The book also explores why, how and where participatory research and evaluation should take place and provides suggestions on how the findings can be presented in imaginative ways. This unique book is an invaluable resource for those wishing to consult with children and families or evaluate social, health and education services in diverse cultural settings.