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Synaptic Vesicles: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology #2417)
by Jana Dahlmanns Marc DahlmannsThis book provides protocols on the preparation of synaptic vesicles from different model systems and provides instructions for functional investigations of their transport and formation, scaffolding, filling and priming, release, recycling, and degradation. Chapters guide readers through computational approaches, simulating different aspects of synaptic vesicle anatomy and function. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Synaptic Vesicles: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researchers to help further their study in this field.
SynBio
by Leslie A HorvitzScientists now have the capacity to hack into DNA the same way that hackers can infiltrate computer systems, manipulating organisms by inserting new DNA or exploiting genetic mutations that can trigger fatal heart attacks or induce bipolar illness or Alzheimer’s. These “biohackers,” as they’re known, can perform their experiments in their kitchens using equipment purchased for next to nothing on eBay.Most of these biohackers are like Seth Stringer in Cambridge, Massachusetts, who’s made a name for himself exploring the frontiers of genetic manipulation. He’s young, brash, ambitious, and obsessed with his work, but also a little naive. When his former professor Marcus Adair holds out the possibility of coming to London and going to work for an international pharmaceutical company called Chimera, he jumps at the chance. He can make good money and cement his relationship with his girlfriend, who has misgivings about his future prospects as a breadwinner. He fails to realize until too late that the principal business of Chimera isn’t the manufacture of generic drugs but the production of lethal genetic products for well-heeled clients. These are used to assassinate or debilitate presidents, prime ministers, and CEOs using their own DNA against them—a method that not only makes it difficult to identify the perpetrator (a cold virus can deliver the engineered DNA) but makes it almost impossible to determine that a crime has been committed in the first place.
Synbio and Human Health
by Iñigo Miguel Beriain Carlos María Romeo CasabonaSince 2010, the Inter-university chair in law and the Human Genome has been involved in an EU 7th Framework Programme funded Project called Sybhel, leading work package 5. The aim of this work package was to face the issues related to synthetic biology and intellectual property rights. In these years, the Chair organized two international workshops devoted to this topic, collecting a number of high level unpublished papers redacted by some of the most prominent experts in this field worldwide, including Stephen Maurer, Joachim Henkel, Ingrid Schneider, etc. We consider that it would be extremely interesting to have them all gathered in a unique contributed volume, which would be the first book exclusively dedicated to analyze the implications that Synbio may involve in what refers to the currently existing intellectual property rights system.
Synbiotics for the Management of Cancer
by Neeraj Mishra Shvetank Bhatt Keshav Raj Paudel Philip M Hansbro Kamal DuaThis book illustrates the significance of probiotics and prebiotics for the management of various types of cancers. The up-to-date chapters provide recent information about the effect of anticancer treatment approaches on gut microbiota, the correlation between ROS and synbiotics for effective cancer treatment, and the influence of synbiotics on inflammation and immune microenvironment for cancer treatment. It also describes the regulatory issues about synbiotics in the management of cancer. This book is an essential resource for scientists working in the field of cancer, pharmaceutical & clinical sciences, and cancer clinicians. This book is also very useful for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Pharmacy and Biotechnology and medical researchers, mainly working in microbiology, immunology, and cancer biology.
Synbiotics in Human Health: Biology to Drug Delivery
by Kamal DuaThis reference book discusses the role of synbiotics in a wide range of disease states, including cardiovascular, reproductive, metabolic, neurodegenerative, gastrointestinal, thrombotic, skin, and inflammatory disorders. It reviews the functions of probiotics in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of various disease states. The book further covers improving the targeting efficiency of synbiotics through advanced drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, microemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nano lipid carriers. The chapter addresses the implications of oral and topical delivery of synbiotics in different diseases and presents the safety assessment of synbiotics and clinical trials associated with synbiotics containing drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases. The book also explores the synergistic welfare of synbiotics nutraceuticals in various conditions such as chronic respiratory diseases, gut health, and neurological functions and examines the toxicological profile, and regulatory aspects of nutraceutical supplements. As such, this book is a valuable resource for academics, research and industry professionals working in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food Biotechnology, Immunology, and Health Sciences.
Synbiotics in Metabolic Disorders: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Future Perspectives
by Neeraj Mishra Sumel Ashique Farid Arshad Garg AshishThis book explores the potential role of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in managing various metabolic disorders, chronic diseases, and metabolic syndromes. The initial chapter provides an overview of metabolic disorders, including their classification, symptoms, and underlying causes. Additionally, the chapter discusses the intricate signaling pathways and mechanisms through which prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics interact with the human body in relation to type-2 diabetes, obesity, Phenylketonuria, and Hemochromatosis. Additionally, the book highlights the potential impact of probiotics and synbiotics on oxidative stress, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure. Furthermore, this book focuses on the gut-brain axis and how synbiotics may influence neurotransmitter metabolism. With an emphasis on the gut-microbiota axis, this book presents a compelling narrative that explores the rationality behind synbiotic use and offers a glimpse into future perspectives for managing metabolic disorders effectively. This book is intended for researchers in the fields of nutraceuticals, nanomedicine, endocrinology, nutrition, gastroenterology, and metabolic medicine who are working in the field of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Syncope: From Etiopathogenesis to New Therapeutic Options
by Tolga Aksu Carlos A. MorilloSyncope is a common condition related to transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion and caused by a variety of aetiologies. Although it is self-limited, and usually benign, syncope can be the harbinger of life-threatening heart rhythm problems due to cardiac conditions. A multidisciplinary approach is practical for its evaluation and treatment, requiring the expertise of cardiologists, neurologists, emergency medicine specialists, and other clinicians. This book provides a detailed review of etiopathogenesis and a state-of-the-art update on therapeutic options offering recommendations based on the guidelines and experience of experts while discussing procedures and tests with their indications, methodology, interpretation, and limitations.Key Features: Discusses new diagnostic tools, and therapeutic modalities including video monitoring. Provides up-to-date recommendations regarding the indications for and appropriate interpretation of non-invasive and invasive cardiac testing, for cardiologists and internists. Places particular emphasis on diagnosing and treating reflex and arrhythmic syncope.
Syncope: An Evidence-based Approach
by David G. Benditt Michele BrignoleSyncope represents a multidisciplinary issue in medicine, often involving cardiologists, neurologists, emergency medicine specialists, general practitioners , geriatricians and other clinicians. However, terminology, methodology and guidelines differ making the issue more complex. The Editors of this book present a thorough multidisciplinary review of the topic. Guideline-based, they have assembled a team of key opinion leaders in the study and management of syncope. The first section of the book discusses the scientific basis behind the diagnosis and management of syncope going into detail regarding the pathways leading to syncope symptoms and the pathology behind them. The second section of the book then takes a more practical approach defining the practice of syncope management and including a number of case histories explaining the pearls and pitfalls of the current guidelines.
Syncope: An Evidence-Based Approach (European Society Of Cardiology Ser. #4)
by Michele Brignole David G. BendittThis heavily revised second edition provides a comprehensive multi-disciplinary review of syncope and how to care for these patients successfully. It contains detailed descriptions of the scientific basis behind the pathophysiology of conditions that cause syncope and collapse. Pathways for optimal clinical management in line with the latest guidelines are reviewed and are accompanied by clearly defined recommendations on how to treat patients with syncope. Common procedures and tests are also discussed along with their indications, methodology, interpretation and limitations. Syncope: An Evidence-Based Approach systematically describes the pathophysiology and latest clinical management guidelines for treating patients with syncope. It is an essential resource for a variety of medical professionals including cardiologists, emergency physicians, internists, general practitioners, geriatricians, cardiac electrophysiologists, neurologists and psychiatrists.
Syndrome-based Approach to Diagnosis
by Efim BenensonMany young, inexperienced doctors, have difficultly pinpointing a diagnosis: Is it a condition to which certain diseases could belong, or a disease definable in line with certain criteria? How can I apply my basic knowledge of diseases to a real patient? How can I find the correct diagnosis for a disease that I am seeing for the very first time? The traditional diagnostic pathways conveyed by current methods of teaching, from visual identification of the disease, knowledge of diseases, understanding of symptoms or patterns to diagnosis, leave certain diagnostic questions unanswered, especially on first experience of such a clinical pattern. Syndrome-based Approach to Diagnosis: A Practical Guide offers lecturers an alternative training concept in their teaching, which provides students with a model for self-study as well as the educational tools for learning how to think in clinical terms.
Syndrome de fatigue chronique: guide de traitement, 2ième édition
by Erica Verrillo Francine LabelleCe livre de référence unique - maintenant révisé et mis à jour - comprend plus de 100 différents traitements efficaces, en passant des antiviraux aux vitamines, ainsi que des emplacements de spécialistes et de cliniques, des informations sur la commande par Internet et des organisations du SFC/EM au niveau national, local et international. Des sections nouvelles et élargies comprennent des protocoles de traitements de divers médecins spécialistes et les diverses recherches sur les causes et les mécanismes de la maladie, tous écrits dans un language concis et facile de compréhension. Tous les aspects de la maladie sont soigneusement examinés, en partant du diagnostic en allant à une discussion approfondie des symptômes et en passant par les thérapies traditionnelles aux thérapies alternatives et aux stratégies d'adaptation essentielles. La nouvelle édition contient des chapitres pour ceux qui font face à de multiples sensibilités chimiques et des restrictions alimentaires, ainsi qu'une section plus appronfondie portant sur les enfants et les adolescents atteints du SFC/EM. Le livre Syndrome de fatigue chronique: guide de traitement, deuxième édition, demeure le guide de référence le plus complet sur cette maladie complexe.
Syndrome X, The Silent Killer: The New Heart Disease Risk
by Gerald Reaven Terry Kristen Strom Barry FoxDespite emphasizing good nutrition for two decades, despite lowering our cholesterol levels and cutting fat from our diets, we're still likely to develop heart disease and die of heart attacks. Heart disease remains the number-one killer in this country. The problem lies in a little-known but very common metabolic disorder called Syndrome X. If you have Syndrome X, your coronary arteries are under attack. Syndrome X, also known as the "insulin resistance syndrome," may be the surest route to a heart attack. The book has a complete information on Syndrome X.
Synergy: The Healing Energy Guiding Stepped Care 2.0
by Peter Cornish Gillian BerrySynergy: The Healing Energy Guiding Stepped Care 2.0 is a hybrid text that explores the theory and practice of synergy as it relates to the Stepped Care 2.0 (SC2.0) model for mental health care. Building on the previous volumes in this series, Stepped Care 2.0: A Paradigm Shift in Mental Health Care, and, Stepped Care 2.0: The Power of Conundrums, this third book consists of a series of essays on synergy, the philosophical idea undergirding SC2.0. Drawing on a wide range of tools from the social sciences and humanities, these essays build an argument for why a holistic and restorative approach to mental health care should incorporate synergistic perspectives and practices arising from global traditions of Indigenous psychology. By blending theory, storytelling, and academic analysis, this book provides an answer to the questions raised in the previous volumes. Using what the editors identify as the Strands of Synergy, it also offers guidance for practitioners seeking to incorporate synergy into their own practice, both in the context of the SC2.0 model, and in the clinical world more generally.
Synesis: The Unification of Productivity, Quality, Safety and Reliability
by Erik HollnagelThe complexity of today’s large organisations, businesses, and social institutions defeats management approaches based on monolithic thinking. Most industry and service organisations look at their performance either from a single perspective – productivity, quality, safety, etc. – or from different but separate perspectives that reside in organisational silos. Quality is treated separately from safety, which, again, is treated separately from productivity, and so on. While siloed thinking may be convenient in the short term, it fails to recognise that any specific perspective reveals only a part of what goes on. Yet it is essential to have a unified view of how an organisation functions effectively to manage changes and to ensure the organisation excels in what it does. Synesis represents the mutually dependent set of priorities, perspectives, and practices that an organisation needs to carry out its activities as intended. It shows how to overcome the fragmentation in foci, scope, and time that characterises the dominant change management paradigms. This book is consequently not about productivity or quality or safety or reliability but about all of these together. It is about why it is necessary to think of them as a whole. And it is about how this can be done in practice.
Synopsis of Key Gynecologic Oncology Trials
by Malte Renz Elisabeth Diver Whitfield Growdon Oliver DorigoThis text is a fast and convenient overview of the clinical trials in gynecologic cancer treatment, setting out the evidence base of treatment decisions in uterine, ovarian, cervical and vulval cancers and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Residents and fellows will find this book an indispensable reference for revision, while existing practitioners will welcome it as a clarification of the evidence base for treatment options.
Synopsis of Key Gynecologic Oncology Trials
by Malte Renz Elisabeth Diver Whitfield Growdon Oliver DorigoThis revised and updated new edition of a best-selling text remains a fast and convenient overview of the clinical trials in gynecologic cancer treatment, outlining the evidence base of treatment decisions in uterine, ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancers, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Residents and fellows will find this book an indispensable reference, while practitioners will welcome it as a clarification of the evidence base for treatment options. *Gives a convenient summary of trials in gynecologic oncology *Supplies an invaluable revision primer for those undertaking certification *Provides a uniquely up-to-date resource
Synopsis of Neurology, Psychiatry and Related Systemic Disorders
by Alan B. Ettinger Deborah M. Weisbrot Casey E. GallimoreSymptoms and signs in neurology and psychiatry typically present in the clinical context of other underlying conditions. When evaluating a patient, a physician may choose to review a diverse list of potential underlying diagnoses with the aid of the editor team's existing text: Neurological Differential Diagnosis: A Case-Based Approach. However, if the patient has a known pre-existing condition, the physician will need to consider a reverse approach - considering what complications of that condition may be associated with current symptoms. This book provides quick-reference, comprehensive, concise summaries of neurologic, psychiatric and medical diagnoses with a focus on neurologic and psychiatric implications of systemic disorders. A separate pharmacology section provides a consolidated review of potential neurologic and psychiatric adverse effects of medications. This book is an invaluable resource for a broad medical audience, from the medical student to the experienced consultant.
Synopsis of Pathophysiology in Nuclear Medicine
by Abdelhamid H. ElgazzarThis Synopsis of Nuclear Medicine Pathophysiology arose from the recognition that there is a need for a compact, readable account of this complex and important subject. The book concisely describes relevant anatomic and physiologic considerations for each organ system and the pathophysiologic features of different relevant diseases and relates them to the scintigraphy of each system. It thereby provides an informative synopsis of the pathophysiologic basis of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The volume will serve as a quick reference that will help the reader to understand different diagnostic scintigraphic patterns and to select appropriate treatment modalities based on functional imaging. It will prove useful to undergraduates and postgraduates as well as to practitioners in clinical and research fields.
Synopsis of Pathophysiology in Nuclear Medicine
by Abdelhamid H. ElgazzarThis book, now in its second edition, will serve as a quick reference that will help the reader to understand different diagnostic scintigraphic patterns and to select appropriate treatment modalities based on functional imaging. The book concisely describes relevant anatomic and physiologic considerations for each organ system and the pathophysiologic features of different relevant diseases and relates them to the scintigraphy of each system. It thereby provides an informative synopsis of the pathophysiologic basis of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The volume is divided into 13 chapters that feature basic pathophysiology, cell biology and biologic effects of ionizing radiation, radiopharmaceutical uptake and relevant anatomic and physiologic considerations for each organ system and the pathophysiologic features of different relevant diseases. The objective of this volume is to provide a brief, easy to-use but nonetheless comprehensive companion guide to “The Pathophysiology Basis of Nuclear Medicine” that will prove useful to undergraduates and postgraduates as well as to practitioners in clinical and research fields.
Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry (Tenth Edition)
by Benjamin J. Sadock Virginia A. SadockThe best-selling general psychiatry text since 1972, Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry is now in its thoroughly updated Tenth Edition. This complete, concise overview of the entire field of psychiatry is a staple board review text for psychiatry residents and is popular with a broad range of students in medicine, clinical psychology, social work, nursing, and occupational therapy, as well as practitioners in all these areas. The book is DSM-IV-TR compatible and replete with case studies and tables, including ICD-10 diagnostic coding tables. You will also receive access to the complete, fully searchable online text, an online test bank of approximately 100 multiple-choice questions and full answers, and an online image bank.
Synovial Fluid Analysis and The Evaluation of Patients With Arthritis
by Brian F. MandellThis book reviews the major components of synovial fluid analysis, with an emphasis on crystal recognition. Synovial fluid analysis is the required gold standard test for the definitive diagnosis of septic and crystal induced arthritis, the most frequent causes of acute inflammatory arthritis. Synovial fluid is obtained routinely from patients with acute arthritis by clinicians in many specialties. Fluids are sent to the clinical pathology and microbiology laboratories for analysis, but are also frequently examined directly by rheumatologists and others for the presence of crystals. Competency in synovial fluid crystal analysis is a requirement for all graduating rheumatology fellows in the United States, and is an expectation for musculoskeletal disease physicians internationally – although competency is assumed with a variable degree of rigor. This book comprehensively provides practical knowledge presented by skilled and experienced clinicians and pathologists, fulfilling an educational niche for teaching programs and a reference need for academic and community hospital clinical pathology laboratories. This is an ideal introductory guide for rheumatology trainees, as well as a reference text for rheumatologists, infectious disease consultants, orthopedists, cytotechnologists, and advanced nurse practitioners.
Synthesis and Applications of Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Steroids
by Ahindra NagThis definitive text provides in-depth information on chemical, photochemical, and microbiological synthesis of carbohydrates and their derivatives. Recent development in the synthesis and applications of carbohydrates involved in food industries, biosurfactants, nano-catalysts, and nucleosides are thoroughly discussed in this innovative work. The text also provides information about synthesis and applications of artificial lipids and steroids. The approach of this book is to fulfill the requirements of graduate, postgraduate students, and scientists belonging to various fields.Key features· Provides in-depth knowledge of synthesis and applications of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroids.· Elaborates strategies for stereocontrolled glycosylation and their progress in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry.· Discusses examples derived from drug development and regulatory applications and recent research results.· Enlightens from basics to recent advances in stereoselective glycosylation.· Includes problems with answers based on each chapter.
Synthesis and Vaccine Evaluation of the Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigen RM2 from Prostate Cancer
by Hong-Yang ChuangThis thesis focuses on the synthesis and vaccine evaluation of the prostate tumor- associated carbohydrate antigen RM2. The author first presents the use of the [1+2+3] one-pot sequential strategy to successfully synthesise the RM2 antigen and its analogues as single stereoisomers in every glycosylation step, producing good yields and stereoselectivity. He then introduces the conjugation of the synthetic RM2 antigen to the carrier protein CRM197 in an average number of 1-10 to create the prostate cancer vaccine candidate, which is combined with α-galactosylceramide C1, its analogue C34, or Alu. The results of the vaccination studies in mice are also described and indicate that the strongest anti-RM2 antigen titer is exhibited when one molecule of diphtheria toxin (DT) is conjugated with an average of 4. 7 molecules of RM2 antigen (DT-RM4. 7) and adjuvanted with the glycolipid C34. More importantly, the induced mouse antibodies mediate the effective complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against the prostate cancer cell line LNCap. The study presented in this thesis is the first ever to successfully synthesize this complex glycan molecule. Owing to the steric hindrance of the adjacent sialyl moiety, the introduction of two sialic acid units to the compact and rigid 3,4 di branched galactoside unit is very challenging and the β-selective and efficient glycosylation of the galactosamine moiety at the 4-position of di branched galactose is also problematic.
Synthesis of Medium-Sized Cycloalkenes via Fused-Cyclobutenes (Springer Theses)
by Tomohiro ItoThis book explains the existence of the intermediate using two approaches: computational chemistry and coordination chemistry. In this book, the author has developed new methods for synthesizing medium-sized cycloalkenes by utilizing the 4π-electrocyclic reaction of fused-cyclobutenes. The fundamental and most important strategy and feature of the work are as follows: first, cyclobutene is used as a readily available raw material with high-strain energy to generate more strained medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene molecules. Second, by judiciously selecting the reaction conditions, the short-lived intermediate (medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene) can be converted to medium-sized cis- or trans-cycloalkenes. For the former, the generation of the medium-sized cis,trans-cycloalkadiene intermediate is greatly affected by the substituent on the cyclobutene, and there are few examples of its generation confirmed at room temperature. Regarding the latter, the synthesis of trans-cycloalkenes is noteworthy in terms of establishing a new synthetic methodology and providing one of the few asymmetric synthesis methods, which has not been achieved before. Readers of this book can gain novel insights into strained molecules involved not only in small-sized cycloalkenes but also in medium-sized ones.
Synthesis of Optically Active Oxymethylenehelicene Oligomers and Self-assembly Phenomena at a Liquid–Solid Interface (Springer Theses)
by Tsukasa SawatoIn this book, the author demonstrates that double-helix formation and fibril film formation occur on solid surfaces as a result of the catalytic effect of the liquid–solid interface of the newly synthesized helicene oligomer. In addition, he shows that the double helix produced at the liquid–solid interface can be diffused into a solution to form a self-assembling material by means of mechanical stirring. Both types of formation are new chemical phenomena unique to liquid–solid interfaces not found in solutions. Detailed results are provided for new chemical reactions at liquid–solid interfaces, and gleaned from experiments performed using synthetic organic molecules. The book offers a useful reference guide to elucidating reaction mechanisms for researchers whose work involves chemical phenomena at a liquid–solid interface.