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Inducing Compliance with International Humanitarian Law
by Heike Krieger Krieger, Heike and Willms, Jan Jan WillmsThe number of armed conflicts featuring extreme violence against the civilian population in areas with no or little State authority has risen significantly since the early 1990s. This phenomenon has been particularly prevalent in the African Great Lakes Region. This collection of essays evaluates, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the various traditional and alternative instruments for inducing compliance with international humanitarian law. In particular, it explores the potential of persuasion, as well as hierarchical means such as criminal justice on the international and domestic level or quasi-judicial mechanisms by armed groups. Furthermore, it evaluates the role and potential of human rights bodies, peacekeeping missions and the UN Security Council's special compliance system for children and armed conflicts. It also considers how Common Article 1 to the Geneva Conventions and the law of State responsibility could both potentially increase compliance with international humanitarian law.
Industrial Collaboration in Nazi-Occupied Europe
by Hans Otto Frøland Mats Ingulstad Jonas SchernerThis book bringstogether leading experts to assess how and whether the Nazis were successful infostering collaboration to secure the resources they required during World WarII. These studies of the occupation regimes in Norway and Western Europe revealthat the Nazis developed highly sophisticated instruments of exploitationbeyond oppression and looting. The authors highlight that in comparison to theheavy manufacturing industries of Western Europe, Norway could provide many rawmaterials that the German war machine desperately needed, such as aluminium,nickel, molybdenum and fish. These chapters demonstrate that the Nazis providedincentives to foster economic collaboration, hoping that these would make everymine, factory and smelter produce at its highest level of capacity. All readerswill learn about the unique part of Norwegian economic collaboration duringthis period and discover the rich context of economic collaboration acrossEurope during World War II.
Industrial Espionage: Developing a Counterespionage Program
by Daniel J. BennyThe FBI estimates that billions of U.S. dollars are lost each year to foreign and domestic competitors who deliberately target industrial trade secrets. And, although today‘s organizations face unprecedented threats to the security of their proprietary information and assets, most books on industrial espionage fail to supply guidelines for establis
Industrial Mobilization: The Relevant History
by Roderick L. VawterIndustrialization mobilization planning is an old idea in the history of modern warfare. In the United States, in fact, the National Defense Act of 1920 required the Federal Government to conduct such planning. Current reforms were inspired when, in 1978, a series of mobilization exercises revealed serious and dangerous deficiencies in mobilization planning. The basic premise of this historical study is that industrial mobilization lessons of the past provide answers for many of today’s problems. The author contends that current industrial mobilization planners should draw lessons more from the Korean War effort than from World War II. The Korean mobilization effort supported not only the demands of that war, but also the readiness needs to counter an anticipated Soviet attack. After describing the Korean experience in detail, the author examines changes in industrial mobilization planning that evolved as the nation perceived an easing of the Soviet threat. He highlights problems that, should they remain unsolved, ultimately would preclude effective industrial mobilization planning. Finally, he recommends realistic actions to restore effective planning.
Industry and Air Power: The Expansion of British Aircraft Production, 1935-1941 (Studies in Air Power #Vol. 5)
by Sebastian Ritchie Noel Sebastian RitchieThe author begins with a general survey of British aircraft manufacturing in the inter-war period. Policy, production, finance and contracts are examined, and the final chapter is concerned with the mobilization of the aircraft industry in 1939, and the emergency measures of 1940.
Inequality, Grievances, and Civil War
by Lars-Erik Cederman Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Halvard Buhaug Lars-Erik Cederman Kristian Skrede GleditschThis book argues that political and economic inequalities following group lines generate grievances that in turn can motivate civil war. Larks-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug offer a theoretical approach that highlights ethnonationalism and how the relationship between group identities and inequalities are fundamental for successful mobilization to resort to violence. Although previous research highlighted grievances as a key motivation for political violence, contemporary research on civil war has largely dismissed grievances as irrelevant, emphasizing instead the role of opportunities. This book shows that the alleged non-results for grievances in previous research stemmed primarily from atheoretical measures, typically based on individual data. The authors develop new indicators of political and economic exclusion at the group level, and show that these exert strong effects on the risk of civil war. They provide new analyses of the effects of transnational ethnic links and the duration of civil wars, and extended case discussions illustrating causal mechanisms.
Infamous Aircraft: Dangerous designs and their vices
by Robert JacksonMany aircraft, some famous and some rare, gained a reputation for being difficult to fly and sometimes downright dangerous. This book looks at some of the worst culprits over a period spanning World War One to the age of supersonic flight. The following aircraft are included.BE.2—The RFC went to war in it in 1914. The BE was easy to fly and very stable—but it was difficult to maneuver and very easy to shoot down. Tarrant Tabor—The Tabor was grotesque, a massive misfit of an experimental bomber that predictably came to grief on its first flight. Avro Manchester—The twin-engined Manchester would fly all the way to Berlin and back—only to burst into flames over its own base. Messerschmitt Me 210—The Me 210 was developed as a successor to Goering's Destroyer, the Bf110. It was a disaster with a phenomenal accident rate. Martin B-26 Marauder—They called the B-26 the Widow-maker, fast and powerful, with some savage characteristics. Reichenberg IV—a manned version of the V-1 flying bomb, was a desperation weapon, its pilots intended to fly suicide missions against Allied shipping. Tu-144—Rushed prematurely into its test program to beat the Anglo-French Concorde, the TU-144 was intended to be Russia's supersonic dream.
Infamy
by John TolandBestselling author and historian John Toland's expertise and skill as a narrator were awarded with the Pulitzer Prize for his sweeping Rising Sun. In Infamy, Toland extends and corrects his account of the events leading up to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, addressing persistent questions: Could FDR have engineered a conspiracy to get the US into the War? Did high-level military and civilian leaders lie under oath? Were the wrong men held culpable in order to protect Washington? Accessing formerly secret government, military, and diplomatic records--including the account of the then anonymous and controversial "Seaman Z"--Toland masterfully reevaluates what we know about this infamous act of aggression against the US.
Infamy: The Shocking Story of the Japanese-American Internment in World War II
by Richard ReevesLess than three months after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and inflamed the nation, President Roosevelt signed an executive order declaring parts of four western states to be a war zone operating under military rule. The U.S. Army immediately began rounding up thousands of Japanese-Americans, sometimes giving them less than 24 hours to vacate their houses and farms. For the rest of the war, these victims of war hysteria were imprisoned in primitive camps. In Infamy, the story of this appalling chapter in American history is told more powerfully than ever before. Acclaimed historian Richard Reeves has interviewed survivors, read numerous private letters and memoirs, and combed through archives to deliver a sweeping narrative of this atrocity. Men we usually consider heroes-FDR, Earl Warren, Edward R. Murrow-were in this case villains, but we also learn of many Americans who took great risks to defend the rights of the internees. Most especially, we hear the poignant stories of those who spent years in "war relocation camps," many of whom suffered this terrible injustice with remarkable grace. Racism, greed, xenophobia, and a thirst for revenge: a dark strand in the American character underlies this story of one of the most shameful episodes in our history. But by recovering the past, Infamy has given voice to those who ultimately helped the nation better understand the true meaning of patriotism.
Infantry Aces: The German Soldier in Combat in WWII (Stackpole Military History Series)
by Franz KurowskiCombat stories of eight German infantry soldiers: one paratrooper, two members of the Waffen-SS, and five members of the Wehrmacht. A concluding chapter examines infantry tactics.
Infantry Attacks
by Erwin RommelLegendary German general Erwin Rommel analyzes the tactics that led to his success. Field Marshal Erwin Rommel exerted an almost hypnotic influence not only over his own troops but also over the Allied soldiers of the Eighth Army in the Second World War. Even when the legend surrounding his invincibility was overturned at El Alamein, the aura surrounding Rommel himself remained unsullied. In this classic study of the art of war Rommel analyses the tactics that lay behind his success. First published in 1937 it quickly became a highly regarded military textbook, and also brought its author to the attention of Adolph Hitler. Rommel was to subsequently advance through the ranks to the high command in the Second World War. As a leader of a small unit in the First World War, he proved himself an aggressive and versatile commander with a reputation for using the battleground terrain to his own advantage, for gathering intelligence, and for seeking out and exploiting enemy weaknesses. Rommel graphically describes his own achievements, and those of his units, in the swift-moving battles on the Western Front, in the ensuing trench warfare, in the 1917 campaign in Romania, and in the pursuit across the Tagliamento and Piave rivers. This classic account seeks out the basis of his astonishing leadership skills, providing an indispensable guide to the art of war.
Infantry Attacks (Zenith Military Classics Ser.)
by Erwin RommelField Marshal Erwin Rommel exerted an almost hypnotic influence not only over his own troops but also over the Allied soldiers of the Eighth Army in the Second World War. Even when the legend surrounding his invincibility was overturned at El Alamein, the aura surrounding Rommel himself remained unsullied. In this classic study of the art of war Rommel analyses the tactics that lay behind his success. First published in 1937 it quickly became a highly regarded military textbook, and also brought its author to the attention of Adolph Hitler. Rommel was to subsequently advance through the ranks to the high command in the Second World War. As a leader of a small unit in the First World War, he proved himself an aggressive and versatile commander, with a reputation for using the battleground terrain to his own advantage, for gathering intelligence, and for seeking out and exploiting enemy weaknesses. Rommel graphically describes his own achievements, and those of his units, in the swift-moving battles on the Western Front, in the ensuing trench warfare, in the 1917 campaign in Romania, and in the pursuit across the Tagliamento and Piave rivers.This classic account seeks out the basis of his astonishing leadership skills, providing an indispensable guide to the art of war written by one of its greatest exponents.
Infantry Attacks [1944 Edition]
by General Field Marshal Erwin RommelInfantry Attacks is a classic text in the field of military strategy. Written by German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, it was first published in 1937 as a journal-esque chronicle of the author's experiences in World War I and the lessons he learned there. In it, he provides detailed accounts of a variety of military strategies that rely on speed, deception, and deep penetration into enemy territory to intimidate and surprise opposing forces. Considered by his troops and enemies alike to be a humane, professional and immensely skilled officer, Rommel's use of intimidation and the advantage of surprise often forced enemies to surrender quickly, thereby avoiding unnecessary risk of injury and death for his troops (and their enemies), exertion, and expenditure of ammunition.Infantry Attacks was widely read by soldiers and military leaders upon its release and has become something of a staple in military education, providing a detailed glimpse into the tactics of an extremely effective and widely respected officer. It has been studied extensively throughout the West, particularly in the United States. The revered General George S. Patton is said to have been heavily influenced by this text.Rommel was appointed to the rank of high commander by Adolf Hitler in part because of the success of this book. Such positions were ordinarily reserved for members of old military families and the Prussian aristocracy, so this assignment spoke to Rommel's competence and the influence of his writing. Rommel went on to lead Hitler's Afrika Korps in North Africa. Although he planned to release a sequel based on his experiences there, he was unable to complete the manuscript before his death in 1944.-Print ed.
Infantry Brigadier
by Major-General Sir Howard Kippenberger KBE CB DSO & BarContains numerous Illustrations and MapsMajor-General Howard “Kip” Kippenberger still stands as one of the most famous soldiers ever produced by New Zealand. He saw the brutal slaughter of the First World War as an officer of the NZEF before being seriously wounded in 1916. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, “Kip” was appointed commander of the 20th Battalion of the newly re-constituted New Zealand Forces. He led his Kiwis with distinction in Greece and Crete, before promotion to Brigadier of the 5th Brigade, which fought in the desert during the North African Campaign. In the difficult campaigning in the mountains of Italy, Kippenberger was an inspirational leader and pushed his men forward in command of an entire Division. However his luck couldn’t hold as he stepped on a landmine near Monte Cassino, despite the amputation of his two feet he remained with his men until the last of his men were returned to New Zealand.“His own autobiographical account of his war, Infantry Brigadier, first appeared in 1949 and was acclaimed a classic in its field. Unit and campaign histories indicate how high were the standards he demanded of the authors. Taken together, they constitute a formidable achievement and will remain a monument to a man who inspired great efforts in soldiers and writers alike.”—Professor Angus Ross
Infantry Combat
by John AntalYou are the neophyte platoon leader in this informative and entertaining, interactive work from the author of Armor Attacks.
Infantry Combat Medics in Europe, 1944–45
by Tracy ShilcuttMedics learned quickly to ignore standing operating procedures in order to save, lives but tensions within infantry units created a paradoxical culture of isolation and acceptance. This groundbreaking work examines training and combat experiences of soldiers working in Battalion Aid Stations and those who went as aid men to the line companies.
Infantry Small Arms of the 21st Century: Guns of the World's Armies
by Leigh NevilleThe author of Guns of the Special Forces 2001-2015 presents a comprehensive overview of 21st century military guns used by small armies around the world. Soldiers in today's modern armies have access to ever more advanced infantry weapons; lighter, more compact and more accurate than anything seen in the last century. These include combat pistols, personal assault rifles, submachine guns, sniper rifles, shotguns, light machine guns and squad automatic weapons. Infantry Small Arms of the 21st Century features all these weapons and more, examining each in exhaustive detail. The author draws on the operational combat experience of the users in war zones such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Ukraine. As well as assessing and comparing the potency of different nations weapon systems, the book looks to the future demands of the infantry man.
Infantry Small Arms of the 21st Century: Guns of the World's Armies
by Leigh NevilleThe author of Guns of the Special Forces 2001-2015 presents a comprehensive overview of 21st century military guns used by small armies around the world. Soldiers in today's modern armies have access to ever more advanced infantry weapons; lighter, more compact and more accurate than anything seen in the last century. These include combat pistols, personal assault rifles, submachine guns, sniper rifles, shotguns, light machine guns and squad automatic weapons. Infantry Small Arms of the 21st Century features all these weapons and more, examining each in exhaustive detail. The author draws on the operational combat experience of the users in war zones such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Ukraine. As well as assessing and comparing the potency of different nations weapon systems, the book looks to the future demands of the infantry man.
Infantry Warfare, 1939–1945: A Photographic History
by Simon Forty Jonathan FortyThe infantry can always be found at the sharp end of the battlefield. You may be able to crush an opponent with armour or artillery, but there’s only one way to take and hold ground and that’s with riflemen – the ‘poor bloody infantry’. And it is the infantrymen of the Second World War – from all sides, Allied and Axis – who are the subject of this highly illustrated history. It uses over 400 wartime photographs plus contemporary documents and other illustrations to show the developments in equipment, training and tactical techniques and to give an insight into the experience of the infantry soldier during the conflict. Although the infantry were critical to the war effort, their contribution is often overshadowed by the more dramatic roles played by soldiers with more specialized skills – like tank crew, paratroopers and special forces. They also suffered devastating casualties, in particular during the last phase of the war in the west when around 20 per cent of an infantry division’s riflemen were likely to die and over 60 per cent could expect to be wounded. So as well as describing how the infantry fought, the authors look at the motivation which kept them fighting in awful conditions and despite brutal setbacks. The result is a thorough, detailed and revealing portrait of infantry warfare over seventy years ago.
Infection: Double Helix : #1 (Star Trek: The Next Generation #51)
by John Gregory BetancourtA Star Trek adventure set during The Original Series era from bestselling author John Gregory Betancourt!Like the twisted strands of mutant chromosomes, an insidious alien conspiracy winds its way through the entire Alpha Quadrant, just as it stretches across several years of Starfleet history—beginning near the very start of Captain Picard's command of the Starship Enterprise™! It is only the first year of the U.S.S. Enterprise™-D's ongoing mission when a virulent epidemic strikes the populace of Archaria III, endangering the lives of thousands and provoking acts of mob violence against those believed responsible for the spread of the disease. While Data and Natasha Yar team up to uncover the true origins of the virus, Dr. Crusher finds that the implacable sickness resists all her efforts to find a cure. The desperate quest for a cure becomes even more urgent when Deanna Troi succumbs to the dreaded plague...again and again.
Infernal Sky (Doom #3)
by Brad Linaweaver Dafydd ab HughHawaii-- last outpost of civilization on an Earth overrun by demons, traitors. and nightmarish creatures straight out of the pits of hell. Humanity seems doomed to a bloody ending. Then Hawaii receives a message from aliens claiming to be on our side in the battle. Our last chance: make contact. The only man for the job-- Corporal Flynn Taggart, U.S. Marine Corps-- "Fly" to his friends. He led the fight against the demon invaders when they swarmed through the Gates at Phobos Base. Now Fly's got to face the toughest task of his dirty career. Return to Phobos-- and fight his way past those demons to contact mankind's would-be rescuers...
Inferno
by Julian StockwinIn the 17th volume in the popular high-seas nautical adventure series, it is 1807 and Captain Sir Thomas Kydd's famous sea action aboard Tyger has snatched his reputation from ignominy. He is the hero of the hour. But although the British Navy remains imperious, a succession of battles has seen Napoleon victorious on mainland Europe. His enemies have sued for peace and the emperor&’s Continental System, establishing a European blockade, will leave Britain cut off from her economic lifeblood.One small link in this ring of steel is still free of French control: the neutral state of Denmark, which controls the straits through which the entire Baltic trade passes. In an attempt to prevent the French from taking control of Denmark's navy, Kydd's great friend Nicholas Renzi – now the Lord Farndon – is sent on a desperate diplomatic mission to persuade the Danes to give up their fleet to Britain. But the Danes are caught between two implacable forces and will not yield, opting instead for the inferno of battle.
Inferno
by Keith LoweIn the summer of 1943, British and American bombers launched an attack on the German city of Hamburg that was unlike anything the world had ever seen. For ten days they pounded the city with over 9,000 tons of bombs, with the intention of erasing it entirely from the map. The fires they created were so huge they burned for a month and were visible for 200 miles. The people of Hamburg had no time to understand what had hit them. As they emerged from their ruined cellars and air raid shelters, they were confronted with a unique vision of hell: a sea of flame that stretched to the horizon, the burned-out husks of fire engines that had tried to rescue them, roads that had become flaming rivers of melted tarmac. Even the canals were on fire. Worse still, they had to battle hurricane-force winds to escape the blaze. The only safe places were the city's parks, but to reach them survivors had to stumble through temperatures of up to 800°C and a blizzard of sparks strong enough to lift grown men off their feet. Inferno is the culmination of several years of research and the first comprehensive account of the Hamburg firestorm to be published in almost thirty years. Keith Lowe has interviewed eyewitnesses in Britain, Germany, and America, and gathered together hundreds of letters, diaries, firsthand accounts, and documents. His book gives the human side of an inhuman story: the long, tense buildup to the Allied attack; the unparalleled horror of the firestorm itself; and the terrible aftermath. The result is an epic story of devastation and survival, and a much-needed reminder of the human face of war. Includes nineteen maps and thirty-one photographs, many never seen before
Inferno's Shadow (Artillerymen)
by Taylor AndersonLost in a mysterious world, far from all they knew in 1847 America, Colonel Lewis Cayce and his soldiers must face the unimaginable might of the Dominion once and for all in this gripping alternate history from the New York Times bestselling author of the Destroyermen series.Colonel Lewis Cayce and his forces were a group of American soldiers bound to fight in the Mexican-American War—until they were stranded in a strange new world inhabited by vicious monsters, new friends, and deadly foes. Now Cayce has brought his army of displaced Americans and their indigenous allies into the heart of the loathsome, blood-drenched Dominion&’s stronghold. If he can take the enemy&’s holiest city and support the elevation of a new &“Supreme Holiness&” who seeks to moderate the Dominion&’s thirst for expansion, slavery, and blood sacrifice, Cayce&’s own goal for his army and new people to live in security and freedom will be assured.But no matter how good of a soldier he is, Cayce is ruled by reason, and the madness and seemingly suicidal treachery of his adversaries, not to mention the sheer titanic scope of the force arrayed against him, might finally be more than he can cope with. Which side will ultimately discover that even victory can end in defeat?
Inferno: The Fiery Destruction of Hamburg 1943
by Keith LoweIn the summer of 1943, British and American bombers launched an attack on the German city of Hamburg that was unlike anything the world had ever seen. For ten days they pounded the city with over 9,000 tons of bombs, with the intention of erasing it entirely from the map. The fires they created were so huge they burned for a month and were visible for 200 miles. The people of Hamburg had no time to understand what had hit them. As they emerged from their ruined cellars and air raid shelters, they were confronted with a unique vision of hell: a sea of flame that stretched to the horizon, the burned-out husks of fire engines that had tried to rescue them, roads that had become flaming rivers of melted tarmac. Even the canals were on fire. Worse still, they had to battle hurricane-force winds to escape the blaze. The only safe places were the city's parks, but to reach them survivors had to stumble through temperatures of up to 800°C and a blizzard of sparks strong enough to lift grown men off their feet. Inferno is the culmination of several years of research and the first comprehensive account of the Hamburg firestorm to be published in almost thirty years. Keith Lowe has interviewed eyewitnesses in Britain, Germany, and America, and gathered together hundreds of letters, diaries, firsthand accounts, and documents. His book gives the human side of an inhuman story: the long, tense buildup to the Allied attack; the unparalleled horror of the firestorm itself; and the terrible aftermath. The result is an epic story of devastation and survival, and a much-needed reminder of the human face of war.