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Military Sexual Trauma Current Knowledge and Future Directions
by Carolyn B. Allard Melissa PlattMilitary Sexual Trauma: Current Knowledge and Future Directions showcases the work of several prominent military sexual trauma (MST) researchers, scholars, and clinicians from across the United States. A review of existing research and original empirical findings converge to indicate that MST contributes to a range of physical health problems, complex posttraumatic responses, and other mental health consequences above and beyond the effects of other types of traumatic experiences. This collection also presents evidence suggesting that MST is often difficult to identify both within the individual military member and within the military population as a whole. Recommendations are offered for addressing this problem. In addition to the research review and empirical findings, an evolutionary framework for understanding sexual assault of women in the military is presented. Taken together, this collection of works may inform MST intervention and prevention efforts. This book was originally published as a special issue of Journal of Trauma & Dissociation.
Military Strategies of the New European Allies: A Comparative Study (Cass Military Studies)
by Håkan Edström Jacob WestbergThis book analyses how and to what extent ex-communist states have adjusted their defence strategies since joining the EU and NATO, and how differences and similarities between their strategies can be explained. Between 1999 and 2013, four phases of enlargement took place when the European Union (EU) and NATO allowed 11 new former communist states to enter both organisations. These states share some common attributes and experiences related to strategic culture and common experiences during the Cold War era that can potentially explain similarities in behaviour and preferences among them. However, the strategic adjustments among these states are far from uniform. In an effort to explain these differences, the book introduces three intervening variables: (1) differences in relative power and position in the international system, (2) national geographical characteristics; and (3) historical experiences related to formative periods of state-building processes as well as wars and armed conflicts. Empirically, the book strives to present and analyse the defence strategies of each of the new allies by conducting a structured focused comparison of official strategic documents from the twenty-first century for each of the 11 cases. Theoretically and methodologically, it introduces an analytical framework enabling us to explain both similarities and differences in the formulation of the strategies of the 11 states, and to shed light on their external and internal efforts to promote their strategic interest by operationalising the dependent variable - defence strategy. The analytical framework combines elements of structural realism with classical realism, and constructivist research on unit-level characteristics related to relative power and perceptions of strategic exposure. This book will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, European Union policy, NATO and International Relations in general.
Military Strategy
by Joseph Caldwell Wylie Jr"No military service can long remain effective without searching self-criticism and continuous re-examination of its own ideas. Wylie, well known in the Navy, is a refreshingly and outspoken individual, thoroughly at home on the bridge of a ship, but equally at home in the semantics of dialectical discussion. He has produced a simple but relevant little work in an attempt to promote order in the discussion of strategy. . . . To the traditional theories of strategy-the maritime theory, the air theory, the continental theory-Wylie adds the 'Mao theory' of wars of national liberation. . . . [This book is] easier to read and understand and basically sounder than the great majority of the involved and tortuous rationalizations of the academic strategists."- New York Times Book Review
Military Strategy as Public Discourse: America's war in Afghanistan (Cass Military Studies)
by Tadd SholtisThis book presents the current history of United States military strategy in Afghanistan as an example of dysfunctional policy discourse among the nation’s elites. The legitimacy of a country’s military strategy can become a subject of intense public debate and doubt, especially in prolonged conflicts. Arguments typically hinge on disagreements about the values at stake, the consequences of action or inaction, and the authority of those responsible for the plan. As the US entered its second decade at war in Afghanistan, political and military leaders struggled to explain the ends and means of their strategy through internal policy debates, the promotion of counterinsurgency doctrine, and day-to-day accounts of the war’s progress. Military Strategy as Public Discourse considers recent US strategy in Afghanistan as a form of valid and equitable public discussion among those with the ability to affect outcomes. The work examines the dominant forms of discourse used by the various groups of elites who make and execute strategy, and considers how representations of these forms of discourse in news media shapes elite understanding of the purpose of US efforts in wars of choice. The book proposes how policy-makers should address the problems of public discourse on war, which tends to exclude or marginalize relevant elites and focus on narrow questions of validity. This book will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, US foreign policy, and security studies in general.
Military Strategy in an Era of Unipolar Demise: Exploring Strategic Diversity among Nations (Cass Military Studies)
by Håkan Edström Jacob WestbergThis book presents a systematic comparison of the military strategies pursued by five great powers, eight major middle powers and eight middle powers during the early twenty-first century.In addition to mapping the strategic priorities of these states, the study develops and applies a theoretical framework to explain differences and similarities in their strategic priorities. Moreover, the work evaluates how the stability of the present international system, and the US-led liberal international order (LIO), is affected by the strategies pursued by the US and other leading states. The book aims to contribute to previous research in three ways. First, it intervenes in the debate on the stability of the unipolar system and the US-led international order by offering a theoretical framework and an empirical approach for exploring and explaining the strategic priorities and defence strategies of different categories of states. Second, it aims to fill a void in research on strategy – the lack of a comparative and systematic approach to contemporary strategy that facilitates and guides systematic comparisons and analyses of the alignment and military strategies pursued by both major powers and less powerful states. Third, it provides an empirical contribution to the debate on the stability of the unipolar system and the US-led international order by presenting a documentation of the strategic priorities of 21 states based on primary sources, consisting of official documents such as national security and defence strategies and defence bills. In the conclusion, the authors summarise the empirical findings on the system level, the regional level and the unit level and present their overarching conclusions for the whole project.This book will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, defence studies, foreign policy and international relations in general.
Military Strategy of Great Powers: Managing Power Asymmetry and Structural Change in the 21st Century (Cass Military Studies)
by Håkan Edström Jacob WestbergThis book explores the military strategies of the five system-determining great powers during the twenty-first century. The book’s point of departure is that analyses of countries’ defence strategies should acknowledge that states come in various shapes and sizes and that their strategic choices are affected by their perceptions of their position in the international system and by power asymmetries between more and less resourceful states. This creates a diversity in strategies that is often overlooked in theoretically oriented analyses. The book examines how five major powers – the United States, China, the United Kingdom, France and Russia – have adjusted their strategies to improve or maintain their relative position and to manage power asymmetries during the twenty-first century. It also develops and applies an analytical framework for exploring and categorising the strategies pursued by the five major powers which combines elements of structural realism with research on power transition theory and status competition. The concluding chapter addresses questions related to stability and change in the present international system. This book will be of interest to students of strategic studies, foreign policy, and International Relations.
Military Strategy of Middle Powers: Competing for Security, Influence, and Status in the 21st Century (Cass Military Studies)
by Håkan Edström Jacob WestbergMilitary Strategy of Middle Powers explores to what degree twenty-first-century middle powers adjust their military strategies due to changes in the international order, such as the decline in US power. The overarching objective of the book is to explain continuity and change in the strategies of a group of middle powers during the twenty-first century. These strategies are described, compared, and explained through the lens of Realism. In order to find potential explanations for change or continuity within the cases, as well as for similarities and differences between the cases, the strategies of 11 ‘middle’ powers are analysed (Canada, Germany, Italy, Spain, Australia, Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, India, Japan, and South Korea). This group of countries are considered similar in several important aspects, primarily regarding relative power capacity. When searching for potential explanations for different strategic behaviours among the middle powers, their unique regional characteristics are a key focus and, consequently, the impact of the structure and polarity, as well as the patterns of amity and enmity, of the regional context are analysed. The empirical investigation is focused on security strategies used since the terrorist attacks 9/11 2001, which was one of the first major challenges to US hegemony. This book will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, foreign policy, and International Relations in general.
Military Strategy of Small States: Responding to External Shocks of the 21st Century (Cass Military Studies)
by Håkan Edström Dennis Gyllensporre Jacob WestbergThe book explores how small states adjust their military strategies in response to external shocks. Using primary sources from four Nordic countries, (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden), this volume explores how small states have adjusted their military strategies in response to external shocks of the 21st century. The 9/11 terrorist attacks, the Russian interventions in Georgia and Ukraine, and the rise of the Islamic State have all forced the Nordic states to adopt new strategies. While the responses have not been uniform, their differing relations to the EU and NATO have not prevented these countries from behaving similarly in military affairs. Limitations in military capacity has led all four countries to pursue strategies that include cooperation with more resourceful partners. It is necessary for them to cooperate with others to protect and promote their national interests. Moreover, the Nordic cosmopolitan outlook expresses milieu-shaping ambitions that we generally would not expect small states to pursue against a potential great power aggressor. This book will be of much interest to students of military strategy, defense studies, security studies, and international relations.
Military Strategy: A Global History
by Jeremy BlackA global account of military strategy, which examines the practices, rather than the theories, of the most significant military figures of the past 400 years Strategy has existed as long as there has been organised conflict. In this new account, Jeremy Black explores the ever-changing relationship between purpose, force, implementation and effectiveness in military strategy and its dramatic impact on the development of the global power system. Taking a &‘total&’ view of strategy, Black looks at leading powers — notably the United States, China, Britain and Russia — in the wider context of their competition and their domestic and international strengths. Ranging from France&’s Ancien Regime and Britain&’s empire building to present day conflicts in the Middle East, Black devotes particular attention to the strategic practice and decisions of the Kangxi Emperor, Clausewitz, Napoleon and Hitler.
Military Technology, Military Strategy and the Arms Race (Routledge Revivals)
by Marek TheeFirst published in 1986, Military Technology, Military Strategy and the Arms Race argues that a principal factor contributing to the arms race is the military research and development (R and D) sector. It traces the arms race since World War II and explores the relationship between the emergence of new weapon technology, the development of new weapon systems and their impact on strategic thinking. It considers the positions for both the United States and its allies in NATO and for the erstwhile Soviet Union. It argues that military R and D, which consumes an increasing proportion of total funds spent on R and D has developed a self-sustaining technological momentum, which is baked by a powerful military -industrial -bureaucratic- technological complex and is increasingly out of control of political leaders.The book argues that negotiations to limit the numbers of weapons fail to address the main problem, and that more emphasis should be given to considering ways of limiting and controlling military R and D. It concludes by proposing a radical shift in policy to achieve this. This historical reference work is important for scholars and researchers of military studies, defence studies, international relations, diplomacy and international politics.
Military Thought of Asia: From the Bronze Age to the Information Age (Warfare and History)
by Kaushik RoyMilitary Thought of Asia challenges the assertion that the generation of rational secular ideas about the conduct of warfare is the preserve of the West, by analysing the history of ideas of warfare in Asia from the ancient period to the present. The volume takes a transcontinental and comparative approach to provide a broad overview of the evolution of military thought in Asia. The military traditions and theories which have emerged in different parts of Eurasia throughout history are products of geopolitics and unique to the different regions. The book considers the systematic and tight representation of ideas by famous figures including Kautlya and Sun Tzu. At the same time, it also highlights publications on military affairs by small men like mid-ranking officers and scattered ideas regarding the origin, nature and societal impact of organised violence present in miscellaneous sources like coins, inscriptions, paintings and fictional literature. In so doing, the book fills a historiographical gap in scholarship on military thought, which marginalises Asia to the part of cameo, and historicises the evolution of theory and the praxis of warfare. The volume shows that the ‘East’ has a long unbroken tradition of conceptualising war and its place in society from the Classical Era to the Information Age. It is essential reading for those interested in the evolution of military thought throughout history, particularly in Asia.
Military Training in the British Army, 1940-1944: From Dunkirk to D-Day (Military History and Policy #No. 6)
by Dr Timothy Place Timothy Harrison PlaceIn this study, the author traces the reasons for the British Army's tactical weakness in Normany to flaws in its training in Britain. The armour suffered from failures of experience. Disagreements between General Montgomery and the War Office exacerbated matters.
Military Transformation and Strategy: Revolutions in Military Affairs and Small States (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Bernard LooThis book explores the idea of arevolution in military affairs (RMA), which underpins the transformational agenda of the US military, and examines its implications for smaller states.The strategic studies literature on the RMA tends to be American-centric and directed towards the strategic problems of the US military. This volume seeks to fill t
Military Transition For Dummies
by Angie Papple JohnstonConquer civilian life after the serviceYou’ve served your country proudly. Now it’s time to discover all the things your country can do for you! In Military Transition For Dummies, you’ll learn how to tackle civilian life from a tactical standpoint, head on and full bore. Find out how to set yourself up for success before you leave the service and what to do when you land in the civilian world. Whether your sights are set on re-entering the workforce or you’re aiming to go back to school, this book walks you through each step of the way.Inside…Prepare for your separationFind your place as a civilianAccess veteran resourcesPerfect your resumeConquer job interviewsFind a great job or schoolManage your money wiselyGet the support you need
Military Unionism In The Post-Cold War Era: A Future Reality? (Cass Military Studies)
by Lindy Heinecken Richard BartleThis unique study of military unionism shows how the changing nature of present day conflicts has made soldier representation more important then ever. This new collection of essays clearly establish the key factors in the military union debate in recent years and highlight the mechanisms different armed forces have created to deal with the aspirations of their members. Core issues covered include: the nature of organizational and force restructuring since the end of the Cold War the new structures of military employment changes in value systems, such as rising individualism and the new culture of recruits legal, political, social and economic factors driving the debate. Placing military unionism in comparative perspective, these chapters provide the reader with an excellent basis for the examination of international military unionism from the viewpoint of countries with no unions, those recently unionised and those unionised for some time. This new book will be of great interest to students, researchers and professionals in military studies, defence management and sociology of the armed forces.
Military Veteran Psychological Health and Social Care: Contemporary Issues
by Jamie Hacker HughesWhen servicewomen and men leave the armed forces, their care transfers to the statutory and third sector where the quality and provision of services can vary enormously. This edited book, encompassing a range of perspectives, from service user to professional, provides a comprehensive overview of services available. Each chapter, in turn, examines the policy underpinnings of systems and services covering the psychological health and social care of military veterans and then focuses on the needs of a discrete number of types of military veterans including early service leavers, veterans in the criminal justice system, older veterans and reservists, together with the needs of the children of veterans’ families. This is the first UK book to examine the whole spectrum of contemporary approaches to the psychological health and social care of military veterans both in the United Kingdom and overseas. The book is edited by Professor Jamie Hacker Hughes, a former head of healthcare psychology within the UK Ministry of Defence and all contributors are experts in policy, service provision and academic research in this area. It will be of special interest to those designing and planning, commissioning, managing and delivering mental health and social care to military veterans and their families
Military in America: From the Colonial Era to the Present
by Peter M. KarstenNewly revised and expanded, this penetrating book goes beyond battles and strategies to examine the character and development of the American military establishment and its crucial relationship to the general society. Chronologically grouped into nine historical periods, over forty articles - including a rich and enlightening introductory essay, new primary sources, and interpretative pieces - span 200 years of military history from colonial times to today. Interweaving sociological and historical perspectives, Peter Karsten probes the following provocative topics: the debate over whether the military reflects or shapes society; the nature of combat and its emotional effects on servicemen; the recruitment, training, and socialization of military personnel; public attitudes toward military systems and military attitudes toward the public; the development of interservice rivalries; the draft vs. All-Volunteer Force; racial relations in the armed services; political lobbying and the military; and much more. This new edition also contains recent material devoted to Vietnam and its impact on current military conditions.
Military reminiscences of Gen. Wm. R. Boggs, C.S.A. [Illustrated Edition]: introduction and notes by William K. Boyd
by General William Robertson Boggs William Kenneth BoydIncludes Civil War Map and Illustrations Pack - 224 battle plans, campaign maps and detailed analyses of actions spanning the entire period of hostilities.General Boggs was a native of Georgia and after much service as an engineer in the pre-war army resigned his command when his home state succeeded from the Union. He was appointed to organize defences, purchase arms and complete defences, serving in South Carolina, Georgia and Trans-Mississippi theaters. An upright passionate man, his memoirs are peppered with accounts of his forthright disagreements with his superiors. He also comments on his attempts to combat the inertia of the Confederate bureaucracy, which were often in vain, and his opposition to the pilfering and plundering that dogged the war efforts.This book offers a fascinating insight into the disagreements that dogged the Confederate effort in the Western theater of operations during the Civil War.Author -- Boggs, William Robertson, 1829-1911.Introduction by -- Boyd, William Kenneth, 1879-1938.Text taken, whole and complete, from the edition published Durham, N. C., The Seeman printery, 1913.Original Page Count - xxiii and 115 pages.
Military, Inc.: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy
by Ayesha SiddiqaPakistan occupies a paradoxical, even contradictory place in American foreign policy. Nominally a strategic ally in the war on terror, it is the third-largest recipient of US aid in the world. At the same time, it is run by its military and intelligence service—whose goals certainly do not always overlap with US priorities. <P><P> This book offers a close look at what the rise of the military has meant for Pakistani society. Ayesha Siddiqa shows how entrenched the military has become, not just in day-to-day governance, but in the Pakistani corporate sector as well. What are the consequences of this unprecedented merging of the military and corporate sectors? What does it mean for Pakistan’s economic development—let alone for hopes of an eventual return to democracy and de-militarization? <P><P>This new edition brings Siddiqa’s account fully up to date with a new preface and conclusion that emphasize the changing role of the media.
Military, Naval and Civil Airships Since 1783: The History and Development of the Dirigible Airship in Peace and War
by Daniel G. Ridley-KittsExploring the history and development of the dirigible airship from its humble beginnings in the late eighteenth century, through to its current role as military command posts among other uses, this book is a comprehensive account of the dirigible airship.Starting out as an unreliable experimental aircraft as aeronauts first began to learn the secrets of aerial navigation, the airship was then remodelled in 1900 by Count Zeppelin to become a potent weapon of war then transformed again into a short-lived solution to long-distance passenger air travel. With over 100 technical drawings and contemporary images of dirigible aircraft, Ridley-Kitts here presents a comprehensive and fascinating history of the airship – a must read for those that wish the delve into the development of the aircraft for the first time and for airship specialists alike.
Military, State, and Society in Israel: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives
by Daniel MamanThere have been many books on the place of war, security, or military service in Israeli society. The Military, State, and Society in Israel makes contributions to the debate-theoretical, empirical, and polemical-that are related to the Israeli case and to wider debates about the place of war and the military in contemporary industrialized societies. The Israeli case is important in the development of more macro approaches to the study of "things military" as war has played a central role in Israel's history and continues to do so. The book encapsulates in a very explicit manner tensions in the relationships between the military, state, and society and stands at the core of contemporary debates between two fundamental approaches to the study of the relations between the military society and the state: the "armed forces and society" school and the "state-making and war" perspective.Contemporary Israel is the site of debates about many of the fundamental assumptions that have undergirded the Jewish nation-state: the ethnic character of nationhood and statehood; the role of the Jewish diaspora vis-Ó-vis Israel; the legitimacy of Jewish "ethnic pluralism"; the meaning of the Holocaust; privatization of social life and the spread of consumerism; and weakening of the centralized state as the agent of social transformation affecting housing, language, health, technology, production, dress, and child-rearing. One important consequence of these internal conflicts and struggles has been a significant erosion in the almost sacred status once enjoyed by state institutions, and especially the military, among the majority of Jewish population."Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives," situates Israel in its wider theoretical and comparative context and shows how the study of Israel contributes to the theoretical understanding of contemporary changes in civil-military relations. "The Politics of Civil-Military Relations," concentrates on current changes in Israeli politics, the character of the conflict with the Palestinians, and the place of military in society. "The State and War-Making-Creating Citizens, Soldiers, and Men and Women," indicates how war and the military are not only instruments for state-making, but are also important factors in the formation of individual identities. "The Notion of 'National Security'-Institutions and Concepts," raises the basic question of whether the institutional mechanisms and the strategic conceptions crystallized during the first 50 years of Israel's existence are still relevant in a changing post-cold war world. "The Armed Forces as Organization, Continuity and Change," focuses on the lines of continuity and trends of change in several aspects of the Israeli Defense Forces' internal organizational structure.Studies based on Israeli cases, data, and scholarship have been central to the development of expertise in such fields as applied psychology and psychotherapy. This volume contributes to these areas of study, and will be of central importance to professionals interested in civil-military.
Military-to-Civilian Career Transition Guide: The Essential Job Search Handbook for Service Members (Second Edition)
by Janet I. FarleyThis handbook provides a career transition framework for service members and their families. Readers are given exit strategies for gracefully leaving the military; charts, checklists, and worksheets for planning each transition aspect; resume and cover letter samples and strategies; and interviewing and salary negotiation tips.
Militia Order in Afghanistan: Guardians or Gangsters? (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Matthew P. DearingThis book offers a new insight into when and why paramilitary groups in Afghanistan engage in protective or predatory behavior against the civilians they purportedly defend. In Afghanistan’s counterinsurgency environment, America leaned on militias to provide order and stabilize communities cut off from weak central government institutions. However, the lucrative market of protection challenged militia loyalty, as many engaged in banditry, vendettas, and predation. This book examines the varying militia experiments in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2020 and their outcomes through three sub-national case studies. It argues that successful militia experiments in Afghanistan involved inclusion of local orders, where communities had well-established social structures and accountability mechanisms in place, and state patrons relied upon those structures as a restraint against militia behavior. Complementary management ensured patrons leaned on communities for strong accountability systems. But such environments were far from the norm. When patrons ignored community controls, militias preyed on civilians as they monopolized the market of protection. This book adds to the rich literature on the U.S. experience in Afghanistan, but differs by focusing on the interplay between states, communities, and militias. This book will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, Asian politics, security studies and International Relations.
Militiaman To Regular: The Training Of The American Soldier 1763 – 1783
by Captain Edwin M. PerryThe militiaman of 1775 evolved into the regular soldier of 1783 because Americans changed their perception as to what constituted military preparedness. Political pamphlets and religious sermons had readied the colonists emotionally and intellectually to take up arms against the British. But their militia's training which stressed musket drill was inadequate and prepared them only for battle. During 1776 and 1777 Washington attempted to correct the soldiers' deficiencies and used his General Orders to train the Continental Army for war. After 1778 Washington was assisted by Steuben, who as the army's Inspector General stressed uniformity in drill and maneuver, as well as emphasizing the maintenance of equipment. Steuben's and Washington's efforts transformed the soldiers of the Continental Army into competent professionals who were able to engage successfully their European counterparts in battle while sustaining themselves in a war.
Millard Fillmore: Biography Of A President (Signature Ser.)
by Robert J. RaybackProfessor Robert J. Rayback's history of Millard Fillmore is still the best biography of the 13th President of the United States. In one of the many unexplained, unfortunate quirks of history, most of the official papers of Fillmore's administration were destroyed by his son. Scholars have consequently been denied the source material which is so essential to examining and gaining insight into the underlying truth of a Presidency. Regarding Fillmore, the few records that do survive can only be compiled piecemeal, a laborious task which few have had the stamina to undertake. Thus is the historical importance of Robert J. Rayback's authoritative biography, which gives documented substance to Fillmore and his three years in office. Thoughtful and objective, Rayback's balanced portrayal lauds Fillmore's astuteness, as in sending Matthew Perry to open Japan to trade, and assays his faults, such as agreeing to run on the "Know Nothing" ticket in 1856. We see, as John Lord O'Brian, former regent of the University of the State of New York noted, "a devoted patriot who in all activities sought guidance from his own conscience during the critical events of the mid-nineteenth century." Julius Pratt of the University of Buffalo concludes from the book that "without Fillmore there could have been no Lincoln."-Print ed.