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Security Dynamics in The Gulf and The Arabian Peninsula: Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities (Military Strategy and Operational Art)
by Howard M. HenselThis book focuses on security dynamics in the contemporary Gulf and Arabian Peninsula. It highlights the development of the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula, the contemporary challenges and opportunities confronting the principal powers that are active in this important sub-region, and analyzes and evaluates their policy responses. The various perspectives of the chapters all suggest that the stability and security of the Gulf sub-region is now and will continue in the future to be of vital importance to the global community. The chapters that compose the volume are organized into three thematic sections. Part I, ‘Security Challenges and Power Configurations in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula: The Historical Context’, comprises three chapters. Part II, consisting of seven chapters, is entitled, ‘Contemporary Security Challenges and Opportunities in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula.’ Part III, ‘Contemporary National Interests, Objectives, and Strategies of the Major Powers in the Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula’, comprises five chapters. Finally, the volume ends with a concluding chapter. Unfortunately, the contemporary unstable, heterogeneous Gulf sub-region is fraught with extremely serious and often urgent challenges that threaten the sub-region’s security. This volume helps to illuminate the nature of the sub-regional environment and the contemporary challenges and opportunities that confront the various powers that are active in the Gulf. It also contributes to a greater understanding of the interests, contemporary objectives, and strategies of those powers as they formulate and implement policies in response to the challenges and opportunities that they confront. This book will be of much interest to students of security studies, Middle Eastern politics and International Relations.
Security Dynamics in the Black Sea Region: Geopolitical Shifts and Regional Orders (Contributions to International Relations)
by Kornely Kakachia Stephan Malerius Stefan MeisterThis book examines the geopolitical shifts triggered by Russia's military aggression against Ukraine from February 2022 onwards. This conflict has catalyzed unprecedented transformations in the Black Sea region's security landscape, reshaping the foundations of international relations. Presenting various case studies on key players such Russia, Ukraine, the USA, Turkey, the European Union, and NATO, the book presents a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted impacts stemming from the conflict, focusing on three critical dimensions: military, economic, and human security. The contributions examine whether and how the conflict has not only magnified security challenges but also spurred resistance by Ukrainian forces and society. It also examines the impact of comprehensive economic sanctions and Western military and financial assistance to Ukraine on Russia's military capabilities and regional balance of power. The book sheds new light on the intricate interplay between state actors, multilateral institutions, and emerging regional orders. By dissecting the impact on governance models, rule of law, and human security, the book illuminates the far-reaching consequences of the conflict beyond military dynamics. With a keen focus on the emergent European security order, the book underscores the need for novel strategies to address the evolving security complexities in the Black Sea region. This book is a must-read for those seeking insights into the changing face of European security and the emergence of a new geopolitical order.
Security Dynamics in the South China Sea: Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities (Military Strategy and Operational Art)
by Howard M. HenselThis volume examines the South China Sea’s regional security dynamics, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for both littoral and non-littoral states.The South China Sea is a vital pathway for the great container ships and tankers, as well as for the naval vessels of today. Indeed, the security of the contemporary global economy is reliant more than ever upon the dependability of freedom of navigation through the waters of the South China Sea. This volume concentrates on the security of the South China Sea sub-region. It is designed to help illuminate the contemporary security dynamics within this important sub-region by highlighting its development, the contemporary challenges and opportunities confronting both the littoral states and the non-littoral powers that are active in the sub-region, and the policy responses of those states as they seek to defend and promote their national interests. This book is composed of 16 chapters and is organized into five thematic sections. Part I of the book is designed to set the historical context. Part II examines some of the contemporary challenges and opportunities that present themselves in the sub-region, while Part III focuses on Chinese policy in the South China Sea sub-region. Parts IV and Part V analyse and evaluate the contemporary policies of the various littoral and non-littoral powers that are active in the South China Sea sub-region. The collective analyses and assessments of the contemporary perceptions and policies of the various littoral and non-littoral powers active in the South China Sea in response to the traditional and non-traditional challenges within the sub-region that are examined in the chapters contained in Parts III, IV, and V, framed against the material presented in Parts I and II, provides the basis for observations concerning areas of conflicting and coinciding interests in the concluding chapter of the book.This book will be of interest to students of the South China Sea, maritime security, Asian politics, and international relations.
Security Ethics: Commerce and Crime in a Polycentric World (New Security Challenges)
by Graham James McAleerThis book explores criminal threat to commercial security and the problem of the ethical control of political and criminal risk alongside and in the absence of government. Theoretically, it links ethics to geopolitics and political economy. Security Ethics: Commerce and Crime in a Polycentric World builds from well-known thinkers, but not theorists typically found in books of applied ethics and security studies. Chapters include Francisco de Vitoria&’s account of just war applied to pirates; John Locke on dignity and the illegal trade in body parts; David Hume on community justice combatting cartels; Adam Smith on luxury and knockoffs; Bakunin and anarchist gunrunning; Johan Huizinga on play and crime; David Ross on corporate obligation in the face of partizan risk to hotel security; Carl Schmitt on geography and smuggling; Aurel Kolnai on privilege and corporate secrets; and David Petraeus, author of The US Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual, respecting ecotage and commercial legitimacy.
Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy
by Amitai Etzioni"Rarely have more profound changes in American foreign policy been called for than today," begins Amitai Etzioni in the preface to this book. Yet Etzioni's concern is not to lay blame for past mistakes but to address the future: What can now be done to improve U. S. relations with the rest of the world? What should American policies be toward recently liberated countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan, or rogue states like North Korea and Iran? When should the United States undertake humanitarian intervention abroad? What must be done to protect America from nuclear terrorism? The author asserts that providing basic security must be the first priority in all foreign policy considerations, even ahead of efforts to democratize. He sets out essential guidelines for a foreign policy that makes sense in the real world, builds on moral principles, and creates the possibility of establishing positive relationships with Muslim nations and all others. Etzioni has considered the issues deeply and for many years. His conclusions fall into no neat categories--neither "liberal" nor "conservative"--for he is guided not by ideology but by empirical evidence and moral deliberation. His proposal rings with the sound of reason, and this important book belongs on the reading list of every concerned leader, policy maker, and voter in America.
Security Force Assistance in Afghanistan: Identifying Lessons for Future Efforts
by Nora Bensahel Olga Oliker Terrence K. KellySecurity force assistance (SFA) is a central pillar of the counterinsurgency campaign being waged by U.S. and coalition forces in Afghanistan. This monograph analyzes SFA efforts in Afghanistan over time, documents U.S. and international approaches to building the Afghan force from 2001 to 2009, and provides observations and recommendations that emerged from extensive fieldwork in Afghanistan in 2009 and their implications for the U.S. Army.
Security Sector Reconstruction and Reform in Peace Support Operations
by Michael Brzoska and David LawThis volume provides a framework for analyzing security sector reform under international tutelage.Following violent conflict and military interventions, international organizations or coalitions of countries increasingly engage in post-conflict reconstruction. Part of the international post-conflict agenda is thereconstruction orreform of th
Security Sector Reform in Southeast Asia
by Felix HeidukSuccessful reform of the security sector has been regarded as pivotal for a successful transition from authoritarianism to democracy by Western donors. A global cast of contributors examines SSR in a variety of policy fields in Southeast Asia, paying specific attention to the adaption of 'Western' reform concepts by local actors.
Security Sector Reform in Ukraine
by Olga Oliker Lynn E. Davis Keith Crane Andrew Radin James T. Quinlivan Celeste Ward Gventer Andriy Bega Bryan Frederick Hlavka Jacopo Bellasio Stephan B. Seabrook Susanne SondergaardThe Maidan Revolution in Ukraine created an opportunity for change and reforms in a system that had resisted them for 25 years. This report examines Ukraine’s security sector—assessing what different institutions need to do and where gaps exist—and offers recommendations for the reform of Ukraine’s security and defense institutions that meet Ukraine’s security needs and align with Euro-Atlantic standards and approaches.
Security Strategies and American World Order: Lost Power (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Anders Wivel Birthe Hansen Peter ToftThis book analyses security strategies in the American world order, systematically comparing Russian, Middle Eastern and European policies. The main finding is that the loss of relative power has decisive importance for the security strategies of states, but that particular strategies can only be explained when relative power is combined with ideology and the probability of military conflict. Research on the unipolar world order has focused largely on the general dynamics of the system and the actions of the American unipole. By contrast, this book focuses on states that lost out relatively as a consequence of unipolarity, and seeks to explain how this loss has affected their security strategies. Thus, in essence, the book tells ‘the other side of the story’ about the contemporary world order. In addition, it makes an important theoretical contribution by systematically coupling relative ideology and relative security with relative power and exploring their explanatory value. This book will be of great interest to students of international relations, security studies and foreign policy.
Security and Co-operation in Europe: The Human Dimension 1972-1992
by Alexis HeraclidesThe human dimension of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) implies an alternative vision of security and co-operation in Europe, based on respect for human rights, democracy, the rule of law, minority rights and human contacts. Until recently the human dimension has been the main claim to perpetuity of the CSCE. It has been through the years the main point of controversy among its participating states, and has played an important role in the revolutionary events of 1989 which transformed Europe.
Security and Defence in the Terrorist Era
by Elinor C. SloanCanada's traditional approach to security - "the best defence is a good offence" - became even more entrenched following 9/11. Elinor Sloan challenges this notion, arguing that "defensive" military and civilian measures at home are just as important to Canada as "offensive" military activities abroad. Security and Defence in the Terrorist Era looks at the nature of the post-9/11 threat environment, U.S. security and defence policy since the Cold War ended, intelligence gathering, and changes in military personnel and equipment requirements for addressing threats overseas. While Sloan favours increasing Canadian military capabilities, she shows that they also need to be reorganized. She emphasizes the importance of development aid and diplomacy in helping to rebuild failed states abroad and further suggests that Canada participate in the US strategic missile defence system as a logical extension of NORAD, which will otherwise become irrelevant.Sloan concludes that Canada's military capabilities fall well short of what is necessary to guarantee security and that changes are necessary to regain credibility and influence with the US.
Security and Global Governmentality: Globalization, Governance and the State (PRIO New Security Studies)
by Miguel De LarrinagaThis book examines global governance through Foucaultian notions of governmentality and security, as well as the complex intersections between the two. The volume explores how Foucault's understanding of the general economy of power in modern society allows us to consider the connection of two broad possible dynamics: the global governmentalization of security and the securitization of global governance. If Foucault's work on governmentality and security has found resonance in IR scholarship in recent years it is in large part due to his understanding of how these forms of power must necessarily take into account the management of circulation that, in seeking to maximize ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ circulatory flows, brings into play and problematizes the 'inside'/'outside' upon which domestic and international spaces have been traditionally understood. Indeed, Foucault introduces a set of conceptual tools that can inform our analyses of globalization, global governance and security in ways that have been left largely unexplored in the discipline of IR. Miguel de Larrinaga is Assistant Professor at the University of Ottawa where he has been teaching since 2002. Marc G. Doucet is an Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at Saint Mary’s University.
Security and Intelligence in a Changing World: New Perspectives for the 1990s (Routledge Library Editions: Cold War Security Studies #43)
by A. Stuart FarsonThis book, first published in 1991, examines the changes to security and intelligence agencies envisioned in the uncertain world at the end of the Cold War. While the central focus is on the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, its history, function and future, there are also comparative studies of the British, Soviet, American and Australian systems.
Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the Aftermath of War (Routledge Global Security Studies #8)
by Robert MuggahThis book provides a critical analysis of the changing discourse and practice of post-conflict security-promoting interventions since the Cold War, such as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), and security-sector reform (SSR) Although the international aid and security sectors exhibit an expanding appetite for peace-support operations in the 21st Century, the effectiveness of such interventions are largely untested. This book aims to fill this evidentiary gap and issues a challenge to 'conventional' approaches to security promotion as currently conceived by military and peace-keeping forces, drawing on cutting-edge statistical and qualitative findings from war-torn areas including Afghanistan, Timor Leste, Sudan, Uganda, Colombia and Haiti. By focusing on specific cases where the United Nations and others have sought to contain the (presumed) sources of post-conflict violence and insecurity, it lays out a new research agenda for measuring success or failure. This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, conflict and development and security studies in general.
Security and Stability in the New Space Age: The Orbital Security Dilemma (Space Power and Politics)
by Brad TownsendThis book examines the drivers behind great power security competition in space to determine whether realistic strategic alternatives exist to further militarization. Space is an area of increasing economic and military competition. This book offers an analysis of actions and events indicative of a growing security dilemma in space, which is generating an intensifying arms race between the US, China, and Russia. It explores the dynamics behind a potential future war in space and investigates methods of preventing an arms race from an international relations theory and military-strategy standpoint. The book is divided into three parts: the first section offers a broad discussion of the applicability of international relations theory to current conditions in space; the second is a direct application of theory to the space environment to determine whether competition or cooperation is the optimal strategic choice; the third section focuses on testing the hypotheses against reality, by analyzing novel alternatives to three major categories of space systems. The volume concludes with a study of the practical limitations of applying a strategy centered on commercialization as a method of defusing the orbital security dilemma. This book will be of interest to students of space power, strategic studies, and international relations.
Security and the War on Terror (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Richard Devetak Alex J. Bellamy Roland Bleiker Sara E. DaviesThe terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 marked a turning point in international politics, representing a new type of threat that could not easily be anticipated or prevented through state-based structures of security alone. Opening up interdisciplinary conversations between strategic, economic, ethical and legal approaches to global terrorism, this edited book recognises a fundamental issue: while major crises initially tend to reinforce old thinking and behavioural patterns, they also allow societies to challenge and overcome entrenched habits, thereby creating the foundations for a new and perhaps more peaceful future. This volume addresses the issues that are at stake in this dual process of political closure, and therefore rethinks how states can respond to terrorist threats. The contributors range from leading conceptual theorists to policy-oriented analysts, from senior academics to junior researchers. The book explores how terrorism has had a profound impact on how security is being understood and implemented, and uses a range of hitherto neglected sources of insight, such as those between political, economic, legal and ethical factors, to examine the nature and meaning of security in a rapidly changing world.
Security in Iraq: A Framework for Analyzing Emerging Threats as U. S. Forces Leave
by David C. Gompert Jessica Watkins Terrence K. KellyU.S. withdrawal could affect Iraq's internal security and stability, which could, in turn, affect U.S. strategic interests and the safety of U.S. troops and civilians in Iraq. U.S. policy-makers need a dynamic analytic framework with which to examine the shifting motivations and capabilities of the actors that affect Iraq's security. Within this framework, the United States should be able to contribute to continued strengthening of the internal security and stability of Iraq even as it withdraws its forces.
Security v. Liberty: Conflicts Between National Security and Civil Liberties in American History
by Daniel FarberIn the weeks following 9/11, the Bush administration launched the Patriot Act, rejected key provisions of the Geneva Convention, and inaugurated a sweeping electronic surveillance program for intelligence purposes―all in the name of protecting national security. But the current administration is hardly unique in pursuing such measures. <p><p>In Security v. Liberty, Daniel Farber leads a group of prominent historians and legal experts in exploring the varied ways in which threats to national security have affected civil liberties throughout American history. Has the government's response to such threats led to a gradual loss of freedoms once taken for granted, or has the nation learned how to restore civil liberties after threats subside and how to put protections in place for the future? Security v. Liberty focuses on periods of national emergency in the twentieth century―from World War I through the Vietnam War―to explore how past episodes might bear upon today's dilemma. <p><p>Distinguished historian Alan Brinkley shows that during World War I the government targeted vulnerable groups―including socialists, anarchists, and labor leaders―not because of a real threat to the nation, but because it was politically expedient to scapegoat unpopular groups. Nonetheless, within ten years the Supreme Court had rolled back the most egregious of the World War I restrictions on civil liberties. <p><p>Legal scholar John Yoo argues for the legitimacy of the Bush administration's War on Terror policies―such as the detainment and trials of suspected al Qaeda members―by citing historical precedent in the Roosevelt administration's prosecution of World War II. Yoo contends that, compared to Roosevelt's sweeping use of executive orders, Bush has exercised relative restraint in curtailing civil liberties. <p><p>Law professor Geoffrey Stone describes how J. Edgar Hoover used domestic surveillance to harass anti-war protestors and civil rights groups throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. Congress later enacted legislation to prevent a recurrence of the Hoover era excesses, but Stone notes that the Bush administration has argued for the right to circumvent some of these restrictions in its campaign against terrorism. Historian <p><p>Jan Ellen Lewis looks at early U.S. history to show how an individual's civil liberties often depended on the extent to which he or she fit the definition of "American" as the country's borders expanded. <p><p>Legal experts Paul Schwartz and Ronald Lee examine the national security implications of rapid advances in information technology, which is increasingly driven by a highly globalized private sector, rather than by the U.S. government. <p><p>Security v. Liberty shows that civil liberties are a not an immutable right, but the historically shifting result of a continuous struggle that has extended over two centuries. This important new volume provides a penetrating historical and legal analysis of the trade-offs between security and liberty that have shaped our national history―trade-offs that we confront with renewed urgency in a post-9/11 world.
Security, Development and the Fragile State: Bridging the Gap between Theory and Policy (Routledge Studies in Intervention and Statebuilding)
by David Carment Yiagadeesen Samy Stewart PrestThis book provides theoretical clarity about the concepts of failed and fragile states, which have emerged strongly since the 9/11 attacks. Recent contributions often see the fragile state as either a problem of development or of security. This volume argues that that neither perspective on its own is a sufficient basis for good policy. In a wide-ranging treatment, drawing on large samples as well as case studies, the authors create an alternative model of the fragile state emphasizing the multidimensional, multifaceted nature of the "fragile state problematique". On the basis of their model and empirical evidence, they then derive a number of policy-relevant insights regarding the need for contextualized and ongoing country analysis, the perils and pitfalls of unstructured development assistance, and the need to move whole-of-government approaches from the realm of rhetoric to reality. In offering both a synthesis of existing research and an innovative approach to understanding the fragile state, this volume will be of great interest to students of war and conflict studies, risk, conflict management, and international relations in general. It will also be of use to practitioners in policy circles and to NGOs.
Security, Law and Borders: At the Limits of Liberties (Routledge Studies in Liberty and Security)
by Tugba BasaranThis book focuses on security practices, civil liberties and the politics of borders in liberal democracies. In the aftermath of 9/11, security practices and the denial of human rights and civil liberties are often portrayed as an exception to liberal rule, and seen as institutionally, legally and spatially distinct from the liberal state. Drawing upon detailed empirical studies from migration controls, such as the French waiting zone, Australian off-shore processing and US maritime interceptions, this study demonstrates that the limitation of liberties is not an anomaly of liberal rule, but embedded within the legal order of liberal democracies. The most ordinary, yet powerful way, of limiting liberties is the creation of legal identities, legal borders and legal spaces. It is the possibility of limiting liberties through liberal and democratic procedures that poses the key challenge to the protection of liberties. The book develops three inter-related arguments. First, it questions the discourse of exception that portrays liberal and illiberal rule as distinct ways of governing and scrutinizes liberal techniques for limiting liberties. Second, it highlights the space of government and argues for a change in perspective from territorial to legal borders, especially legal borders of policing and legal borders of rights. Third, it emphasizes the role of ordinary law for illiberal practices and argues that the legal order itself privileges policing powers and prevents access to liberties. This book will be of interest to students of critical security studies, social and political theory, political geography and legal studies, and IR in general.
Security, Loyalty, and Science (Cornell Studies in Civil Liberties)
by Walter GellhornBoth sides of a sensitive problem are assessed by Professor Gellhorn in this penetrating analysis of national security and its effect upon scientific progress.The costs and advantages of secrecy in certain areas of science and the conflict between national safety and individual rights in the administration of our federal loyalty program are presented; all the arguments are objectively weighed. The book answers such questions as: Can young scientists be well trained when publication and teaching are not free? Have we gone far enough-or too far-in avoiding "security risks" in important scientific establishments? How does the federal drive against "potentially disloyal" persons actually work? Do "fear of the smear" and crude methods discourage public service by American scientists?This study, a unit of an investigation of control of subversive activities supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, is based upon two years of research and numerous field interviews of scientists, administrators, defense officials, and educators. Security, Loyalty, and Science is a volume in the series Cornell Studies in Civil Liberty, of which Robert E. Cushman is advisory editor.
Security, Rights and Law: The Israeli High Court of Justice and Israeli Settlements in the Occupied West Bank (Comparative Constitutionalism in Muslim Majority States)
by Rouba Al-SalemThis book examines how the Israeli High Court of Justice (HCJ) has interpreted and applied international law principles in adjudicating petitions filed by Palestinians. The research focuses on HCJ judgments that have been rendered since the outbreak of the Second Intifada (2000) in relation to petitions challenging the legality of measures implemented by various Israeli governments and military authorities for the professed need of enhancing the security of Israeli settlements and settlers in the occupied West Bank. It discusses to what extent the HCJ provides a venue for an effective domestic remedy for alleged violations of the Palestinians’ internationally protected rights. It further analyses the judgments of the Court seeking to demonstrate why it appears to show a preference for invoking principles of Israeli administrative and constitutional law, thereby promoting the domestic rather than international Rule of Law. Although the jurisprudence of the HCJ has often been hailed as that of an ‘activist’ court, the analysis of petitions adjudicated by the Court between 2000 and 2014 illustrates why its approach is ill-suited to a situation of prolonged military occupation. Finally, the book evaluates what impact the Court’s adjudication, reasoning and interpretation has on the normative coherence of the international law of belligerent occupation.
Security, Risk and the Biometric State: Governing Borders and Bodies (PRIO New Security Studies)
by Benjamin J MullerThis book examines a series of questions associated with the increasing application and implications of biometrics in contemporary everyday life. In the wake of the events of 9/11, the reliance on increasingly sophisticated and invasive technologies across a burgeoning field of applications has accelerated, giving rise to the term 'biometric state'. This book explores how these ‘virtual borders’ are created and the effect they have upon the politics of citizenship and immigration, especially how they contribute to the treatment of citizens as suspects. Finally and most importantly, this text argues that the rationale of 'governing through risk' facilitates pre-emptory logics, a negligent attitude towards 'false positives', and an overall proliferation of borders and ubiquitous risk, which becomes integral to contemporary everyday life, far beyond the confined politics of national borders and frontiers. By focusing on specific sites, such as virtual borders in airports, trusted traveller programs like the NEXUS program and those delivered by airlines and supported by governmental authorities (TSA and CATSA respectively), this book raises critical questions about the emerging biometric state and its commitment and constitution vis-à-vis technology of ‘governing through risk’. This book will be of interest to students of biopolitics, critical security, surveillance studies and International Relations in general. Benjamin J. Muller is assistant professor in International Relations at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. He completed his PhD in the School of Politics and International Studies at Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland, in 2005.
Security, Strategy and Military Change in the 21st Century: Cross-Regional Perspectives (Cass Military Studies)
by Jo Inge Bekkevold Ian Bowers Michael RaskaThis edited volume explores and analyses strategic thinking, military reform and adaptation in an era of Asian growth, European austerity and US rebalancing. A significant shift in policy, strategy and military affairs is underway in both Asia and Europe, with the former gaining increasing prominence in the domain of global security. At the same time, the world’s powers are now faced with an array of diverse challenges. The resurgence of great power politics in both Europe and Asia, along with the long term threats of terrorism, piracy and sustained geopolitical instability has placed great strain on militaries and security institutions operating with constrained budgets and wary public support. The volume covers a wide range of case studies, including the transformation of China’s military in the 21st century, the internal and external challenges facing India, Russia’s military modernization program and the USA’s reassessment of its strategic interests. In doing so, the book provides the reader with the opportunity to conceptualize how strategic thinking, military reform, operational adaptation and technological integration have interacted with the challenges outlined above. With contributions by leading scholars and practitioners from Europe and Asia, this book provides a valuable contribution to the understanding of strategic and operational thinking and adjustment across the world. This book will be of much interest to students of military and strategic studies, security studies, defence studies, Asian politics, Russian politics, US foreign policy and IR in general.