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The Intellectual Versus The City: From Thomas Jefferson To Frank Lloyd Wright
by Morton Gabriel White Lucia WhiteAS CITIZENS OF A HISTORICALLY FRONTIER LAND, AMERICANS HAVE AN INHERENT DISTRUST OF THE CONFINEMENTS AND COMPLEXITIES OF THE CITY.But this ingrained romanticism about the natural life—the authors insist—does not fully explain American anti-urbanism. They point out that not only men like Emerson and Melville, but cosmopolitan figures such as Henry James, John Dewey and Theodore Dreiser have considered the American city a sinister place. The great architect Frank Lloyd Wright wanted to demolish the metropolis and replace it with a revolutionary form of living. Even the world-famous industrialist Henry Ford has said, “We shall solve the City Problem by leaving the City.”Tracing back across a century and a half, exploring the fields of art, philosophy, and sociology, Morton and Lucia White reveal what important Americans have said about their cities, and why. The authors suggest that modern city planners and social scientists have something to learn from these great dissenters, from their troubling wisdom and their urgent prophecies.From Thomas Jefferson to Frank Lloyd Wright our nation’s most distinguished artists, leaders, and intellectuals have proclaimed open hostility toward the city. Unlike the Englishman’s London or the Frenchman’s Paris, they have found nothing to love in the sprawling American metropolis. This significant and thoughtful study analyzes for the first time the major intellectual reactions to urbanism that have appeared through a century and a half of American history and offers some provocative conclusions as to why our cities have been the traditional object of prejudice, fear, and distrust.“A revealing analysis of American attitudes toward urbanization and urban life.”—New York Times“Excellent”—Harper’s“This lucid and imaginative book opens up new vistas in our understanding of our past and of our present.”—Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.
The Intellectual and the People in Egyptian Literature and Culture: Amāra and the 2011 Revolution
by Ayman A. El-DesoukyFeaturing chapters from social scientists directly engaged with the process, this volume offers a concise introduction to the U. S. military's effort to account for culture and increase its cultural capacity over the last decade. Contributors to this work consider some of the key challenges, lessons learned, and the limits of such efforts.
The Intelligencers: British Military Intelligence From the Middle Ages to 1929
by Brian ParrittIntelligence about the enemy is a fundamental part of any war or battle; knowledge of the enemys strength, dispositions and intentions are essential for success. This book reveals that for 250 years the British Army resolutely failed to prepare for war by refusing to establish a nucleus of soldiers in peace, trained to obtain intelligence in war. Although there were Scoutmasters and secret spy organizations such as Walsinghams in the 15th Century, in no major conflict from the Civil War of 1642, including the Peninsula, the Crimea, Burma, Egypt and South Africa and in the multitude of small wars that gained Britain an empire, was there any staff branch or unit specifically pre-established to gain intelligence or frustrate the enemy from obtaining intelligence. Yet the story of British military endeavor over 250 years is a remarkable story of individuals bravery, achievement and success. We read of the Scoutmaster whose role was to gather intelligence on the Kings enemies and of Walsinghams secret organization at the time of Elizabeth I. During the long years of war against France culminating in the Napoleonic Wars, spy masters developed on an ad hoc basis. In the Nineteenth Century, despite the power and reach of Empire, no central intelligence organization existed. Enterprising young officers worked wonders but failures such as those in the Boer War cost the Nation dearly. It took the reverses in the Great War to create an Intelligence Corps. But even that was disbanded postwar.
The Internal Fabric of Western Security (Routledge Revivals)
by Josef Joffe Gregory Flynn Laurence Martin Yves Laulan Stefano SilvestriChanges in domestic economic and political conditions, together with a loss of confidence in the United States leadership produced serious problems within the Atlantic Alliance. The Internal Fabric of Western Security (first published in 1981) examines the effects of domestic change upon perceived security requirements and explores ways to deal with the problems that developed.Beginning with an examination of Allied and European relations, the book outlines external challenges to security that the Alliance faces in the 1980s and discusses internal problems that affect member nations’ ability to deal with them. Country studies of the four largest European members of the Alliance systematically examine domestic constraints on security policy and assess probable approaches for the 1980s. A more general analysis is offered on how this situation affects the Allies’ ability to work together in dealing with their common security problems. The need to integrate economic and military requirements is also discussed.
The Internal Threat to the American Way of Life
by Ezra Taft BensonThe Internal Threat to the American Way of Life was a talk given by Ezra Taft Benson at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California on December 11, 1961. Benson had served as the 15th United States Secretary of Agriculture from January 21, 1953 to January 20, 1961.
The International Criminal Court in Ongoing Intrastate Conflicts
by Patrick S. WegnerIn recent decades, international courts have increasingly started investigating armed conflicts. However, the impact of this remains under-researched. Patrick S. Wegner closes this gap via a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the International Criminal Court in the Darfur and Lord's Resistance Army conflicts. He offers a fresh approach to peace and conflict studies, while avoiding the current quantitative focus of the literature and polarisation between critics and supporters of applying justice in conflicts. This is the first time that the impact of an international criminal court has been analysed in all its facets in two conflicts. The consequences of these investigations are much more complex and difficult to predict than most of the existing literature suggests. Recurrent claims, such as the deterrent effect of trials and the danger of blocking negotiations by the issuing of arrest warrants, are put to the test here with some surprising results.
The International Law of Peacebuilding: Engaging the Conflict Resolution and Peace Community (Studies in Conflict, Development and Peacebuilding)
by Omar GrechThis book contributes to the debate on the international law of post-conflict peacebuilding and suggests a need for closer connections between practitioners and lawyers.The work argues that significant benefits accrue when lawyers and conflict/peace practitioners, and scholars work with each other to develop a normative framework for building peace. It also attempts to bridge the divisions that exist between lawyers and the conflict resolution/peace community in the specific context of the international law of post-conflict peacebuilding. After introducing the key concepts of the international law of peacebuilding, the book explores aspects of the relationship between lawyers and peacebuilding practitioners and offers ideas about how this relationship might be improved. It then proceeds to identify some principles and processes developed by conflict resolution specialists that may inform and influence discrete parts of the international law of peacebuilding. The work concludes by identifying sites and ways in which international lawyers and conflict resolution/peace specialists may engage with each other to shape this branch of international law.This book will be of much interest to students of peace and conflict studies, international law and International Relations.
The International Migration of German Great War Veterans
by Erika KuhlmanThis book usesstory-telling to recreate the history of German veteran migration after theFirst World War. German veterans of the Great War were among Europe's mostvolatile population when they returned to a defeated nation in 1918, aftergreat expectations of victory and personal heroism. Some ex-servicemen chose toflee the nation for which they had fought, and begin their lives afresh in thenation against which they had fought: the United States.
The International Politics of Space: International Relations Theory And The Politics Of Space (Space Power And Politics Ser.)
by Michael SheehanThe year 2007 saw the fiftieth anniversary of the Space Age, which began with the launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union in October 1957. Space is crucial to the politics of the postmodern world. It has seen competition and cooperation in the past fifty years, and is in danger of becoming a battlefield in the next fifty. The International Po
The International Relations of the Persian Gulf
by III F. Gregory GauseGregory Gause's masterful book is the first to offer a comprehensive account of the international politics in the Persian Gulf across nearly four decades. The story begins in 1971 when Great Britain ended its protectorate relations with the smaller states of the lower Gulf. It traces developments in the region from the oil 'revolution' of 1973-74 through the Iranian revolution, the Iran-Iraq war and the Gulf war of 1990-91 to the toppling of Saddam Hussein in the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, bringing the story of Gulf regional politics up to 2008. The book highlights transnational identity issues, regime security and the politics of the world oil market, and charts the changing mix of interests and ambitions driving American policy. The author brings his experience as a scholar and commentator on the Gulf to this riveting account of one of the most politically volatile regions on earth.
The International Workers’ Relief, Communism, and Transnational Solidarity: Willi Münzenberg in Weimar Germany (Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements)
by Kasper BraskénThe first major study on the making of new cultures, movements and public celebrations of transnational solidarity in Weimar Germany. The book shows how solidarity was used to empower the oppressed in their liberation and resistance movements and how solidarity networks transferred visions and ideas of an alternative global community.
The Internationalisation of Retailing
by Nicholas Alexander Gary AkehurstThe large retail enterprise which does not think on an international basis faces marginalization by competitors building international operations. Here, management researchers in the areas of international retailing offer an insight into the mechanisms of the internationalization of retailing.
The Internationalists: How a Radical Plan to Outlaw War Remade the World
by Scott J. Shapiro Oona A. HathawayA bold and provocative history of the men who fought to outlaw war and how an often overlooked treaty signed in 1928 was among the most transformative events in modern history.On a hot summer afternoon in 1928, the leaders of the world assembled in Paris to outlaw war. Within the year, the treaty signed that day, known as the Peace Pact, had been ratified by nearly every state in the world. War, for the first time in history, had become illegal the world over. But the promise of that summer day was fleeting. Within a decade of its signing, each state that had gathered in Paris to renounce war was at war. And in the century that followed, the Peace Pact was dismissed as an act of folly and an unmistakable failure. This book argues that that understanding is inaccurate, and that the Peace Pact ushered in a sustained march toward peace that lasts to this day. The Internationalists tells the story of the Peace Pact by placing it in the long history of international law from the seventeenth century through the present, tracing this rich history through a fascinating and diverse array of lawyers, politicians and intellectuals—Hugo Grotius, Nishi Amane, Salmon Levinson, James Shotwell, Sumner Welles, Carl Schmitt, Hersch Lauterpacht, and Sayyid Qutb. It tells of a centuries-long struggle of ideas over the role of war in a just world order. It details the brutal world of conflict the Peace Pact helped extinguish, and the subsequent era where tariffs and sanctions take the place of tanks and gunships. The Internationalists examines with renewed appreciation an international system that has outlawed wars of aggression and brought unprecedented stability to the world map. Accessible and gripping, this book will change the way we view the history of the twentieth century—and how we must work together to protect the global order the internationalists fought to make possible.
The Interpreter
by Alice KaplanNo story of World War II is more triumphant than the liberation of France, made famous in countless photos of Parisians waving American flags and kissing GIs, as columns of troops paraded down the Champs Élysées. Yet liberation is a messy, complex affair, in which cultural understanding can be as elusive as the search for justice by both the liberators and the liberated. Occupying powers import their own injustices, and often even magnify them, away from the prying eyes of home. One of the least-known stories of the American liberation of France, from 1944 to 1946, is also one of the ugliest and least understood chapters in the history of Jim Crow. The first man to grapple with this failure of justice was an eyewitness: the interpreter Louis Guilloux. Now, in The Interpreter, prize-winning author Alice Kaplan combines extraordinary research and brilliant writing to recover the story both as Guilloux first saw it, and as it still haunts us today. When the Americans helped to free Brittany in the summer of 1944, they were determined to treat the French differently than had the Nazi occupiers of the previous four years. Crimes committed against the locals were not to be tolerated. General Patton issued an order that any accused criminals would be tried by court-martial and that severe sentences, including the death penalty, would be imposed for the crime of rape. Mostly represented among service troops, African Americans made up a small fraction of the Army. Yet they were tried for the majority of capital cases, and they were found guilty with devastating frequency: 55 of 70 men executed by the Army in Europe were African American -- or 79 percent, in an Army that was only 8.5 percent black. Alice Kaplan's towering achievement in The Interpreter is to recall this outrage through a single, very human story. Louis Guilloux was one of France's most prominent novelists even before he was asked to act as an interpreter at a few courts-martial. Through his eyes, Kaplan narrates two mirror-image trials and introduces us to the men and women in the courtrooms. James Hendricks fired a shot through a door, after many drinks, and killed a man. George Whittington shot and killed a man in an open courtyard, after an argument and many drinks. Hendricks was black. Whittington was white. Both were court-martialed by the Army VIII Corps and tried in the same room, with some of the same officers participating. Yet the outcomes could not have been more different. Guilloux instinctively liked the Americans with whom he worked, but he could not get over seeing African Americans condemned to hang, Hendricks among them, while whites went free. He wrote about what he had observed in his diary, and years later in a novel. Other witnesses have survived to talk to Kaplan in person. In Kaplan's hands, the two crimes and trials are searing events. The lawyers, judges, and accused are all sympathetic, their actions understandable. Yet despite their best intentions, heartbreak and injustice result. In an epilogue, Kaplan introduces us to the family of James Hendricks, who were never informed of his fate, and who still hope that his remains will be transferred back home. James Hendricks rests, with 95 other men, in a U.S. military cemetery in France, filled with anonymous graves.
The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War: The Untold History
by Monica KimA groundbreaking look at how the interrogation rooms of the Korean War set the stage for a new kind of battle—not over land but over human subjectsTraditional histories of the Korean War have long focused on violations of the thirty-eighth parallel, the line drawn by American and Soviet officials in 1945 dividing the Korean peninsula. But The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War presents an entirely new narrative, shifting the perspective from the boundaries of the battlefield to inside the interrogation room. Upending conventional notions of what we think of as geographies of military conflict, Monica Kim demonstrates how the Korean War evolved from a fight over territory to one over human interiority and the individual human subject, forging the template for the US wars of intervention that would predominate during the latter half of the twentieth century and beyond.Kim looks at how, during the armistice negotiations, the United States and their allies proposed a new kind of interrogation room: one in which POWs could exercise their “free will” and choose which country they would go to after the ceasefire. The global controversy that erupted exposed how interrogation rooms had become a flashpoint for the struggles between the ambitions of empire and the demands for decolonization, as the aim of interrogation was to produce subjects who attested to a nation’s right to govern. The complex web of interrogators and prisoners—Japanese-American interrogators, Indian military personnel, Korean POWs and interrogators, and American POWs—that Kim uncovers contradicts the simple story in US popular memory of “brainwashing” during the Korean War.Bringing together a vast range of sources that track two generations of people moving between three continents, The Interrogation Rooms of the Korean War delves into an essential yet overlooked aspect of modern warfare in the twentieth century.
The Intimacies of Conflict: Cultural Memory and the Korean War
by Daniel Y. KimWinner, 2020 Peter C Rollins Prize, given by the Northeast Popular & American Culture AssociationEnables a reckoning with the legacy of the Forgotten War through literary and cinematic works of cultural memoryThough often considered “the forgotten war,” lost between the end of World War II and the start of the Cold War, the Korean War was, as Daniel Y. Kim argues, a watershed event that fundamentally reshaped both domestic conceptions of race and the interracial dimensions of the global empire that the United States would go on to establish. He uncovers a trail of cultural artefacts that speaks to the trauma experienced by civilians during the conflict but also evokes an expansive web of complicity in the suffering that they endured.Taking up a range of American popular media from the 1950s, Kim offers a portrait of the Korean War as it looked to Americans while they were experiencing it in real time. Kim expands this archive to read a robust host of fiction from US writers like Susan Choi, Rolando Hinojosa, Toni Morrison, and Chang-rae Lee, and the Korean author Hwang Sok-yong. The multiple and ongoing historical trajectories presented in these works testify to the resurgent afterlife of this event in US cultural memory, and of its lasting impact on multiple racialized populations, both within the US and in Korea. The Intimacies of Conflict offers a robust, multifaceted, and multidisciplinary analysis of the pivotal—but often unacknowledged—consequences of the Korean War in both domestic and transnational histories of race.
The Intruders (Jake Grafton #1)
by Stephen CoontsIn this thriller from a New York Times–bestselling author, Vietnam is over for a Navy pilot—but danger remains in the form of Soviet MiGs and Sumatran pirates. Fighter pilot Jake Grafton is adrift following combat in Vietnam. With no place in the States to call home, Grafton sticks to what he knows best: taking on the world&’s most treacherous skies from the cockpit of a Grumman A-6 Intruder. Now, stationed in the South Pacific on the U.S.S. Columbia, Grafton must teach the Marines aboard the art of flying from an aircraft carrier—a mission that, thanks to the unruly Marine Captain Le Beau, is as joyless as it is dangerous. But when an unexpected enemy appears from above, Grafton and Le Beau must put aside their differences and work together to save the lives of all onboard.This ebook features an illustrated biography of Stephen Coonts, including rare photos from the author&’s personal collection.
The Intruders (Jake Grafton #6)
by Stephen Coonts1973. The Vietnam War is finally over, but for Lieutenant Jake Grafton, U.S.N., freshly returned from two harrowing combat cruises, his own country seems almost as hostile. When his fists get him into trouble, he lands an excruciating eight-month cruise on the aircraft carrier COLUMBIA teaching Jarheads--Marines--the nuances of carrier aviation. As a Navy man working beside Marines without carrier aviation experience, Grafton's about to discover another world of fresh hell. Taking off and landing from a slippery flight deck, on a choppy sea in a pitch-black night, there is no room for error--or for animosity. And while these Marines have Jake wishing he was back fighting the VC, he'll have to learn to live with them. For they must fly together in the same cockpit, must lock into each other and into their million-dollar machines, and make the split-second decisions that hurtle them toward their common goals: excellence and survival.
The Invasion of Afghanistan and UK-Soviet Relations, 1979-1982: Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series III, Volume VIII (Whitehall Histories)
by R. A. Smith P. Salmon S. TwiggeThis volume examines British policy towards the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979. The documents in this volume, many released into the public realm for the first time, describe the development of British policy towards the Soviet Union during the eventful years 1979-1982. The new Conservative government, under Margaret Thatcher, was determined to strengthen British defences against the perceived Soviet threat and advocated a strong response to the Soviet intervention. East-West relations further deteriorated following the imposition of martial law in Poland in December 1981. The dilemma facing the British government was how to express strong disapproval of Soviet actions while still attempting to maintain a constructive bilateral relationship, and at the same time keep British policy in line with the Western Alliance. The death of President Brezhnev in November 1982, after 18 years in office, brought uncertainty but also new opportunities for relations with the Soviets. This book will be of much interest to students of British politics and foreign policy, Russian history, US foreign policy, Central Asian politics, and IR in general.
The Invasion of Canada by the Americans, 1775-1776: As Told through Jean-Baptiste Badeaux's Three Rivers Journal and New York Captain William Goforth's Letters
by Mark R. Anderson; Teresa L. MeadowsThe Invasion of Canada by the Americans, 1775–1776 offers two significant, insightful, and intriguing first-hand accounts of the Revolutionary War. These previously untranslated and unpublished primary sources provide contrasting viewpoints from a Loyalist French-Canadian administrative official, Jean-Baptiste Badeaux, and a Patriot Continental officer, William Goforth. Compelling personal interactions with friends and neighbors, and local and provincial-level leaders—as occupier and occupied—are documented. Their stories climax during the two-month period in early 1776 when Goforth was military governor of Three Rivers and Badeaux served as his somewhat reluctant interpreter and unofficial advisor. Including their experiences with Benedict Arnold and Quebec's Governor Guy Carleton, as well as letters to Benjamin Franklin and John Jay, this unique book provides diverse insights into the invasion of Canada and its immediate impact on the people on both sides of the revolution.
The Invasion of France, 1814
by Captain Frederick William O. Maycock, D.S.O.This ebook is purpose built and is proof-read and re-type set from the original to provide an outstanding experience of reflowing text for an ebook reader. Beset along the northern border of France by enemies that out-numbered him by at least five to one, where ordinary generals might have despaired, Napoleon went on to win a remarkable series of victories that recalled the rapidity of his brightest early campaigns. Although not enough to turn the tide of the Allies march on Paris, they are hugely important for the methods used by the Emperor in his last campaign before Waterloo. Turning on isolated parts of the Prussian Field Marshal Blücher's army, composed of both Russians and Prussians, Napoleon won the battles of Champaubert, Montmirail, Château-Thierry and Vauchamps, inflicting nearly 20,000 casualties for a loss of 3,000 of his own men. However, this magic could not last... A well-known and respected writer on the Napoleonic Wars, Captain Maycock's work is a fine addition to any bookshelf on a much neglected campaign. This book is part of the Special Campaigns series produced around the turn of the 20th century by serving or recently retired British and Indian Army officers. They were intended principally for use by British officers seeking a wider knowledge of military history. Title - The Invasion of France, 1814 Series Name - Special Campaigns Series Series Number -- 21 Author -- Captain Frederick William O. Maycock, D.S.O. (1877-????) Text taken, whole and complete, from the edition published in 1907, London, by Longmans and Green. Original - xv and 238 pages. Illustrations - The maps cannot be reproduced with this volume as they are A3.
The Invasion of Sandy Bay
by Anita SanchezA young boy plays a key role when the War of 1812 comes to his Massachusetts coastal fishing village. The little town of Sandy Bay, Massachusetts, was the site of one of the wildest invasions in U.S. history, when the might of the British Empire came up against hardheaded New England townsfolk. The Invasion of Sandy Bay, based on eyewitness accounts of actual events, tells the tale--through the eyes of a twelve-year-old boy--of what happened on the night when the British put too much gunpowder in one of their cannons. <P><P> The hilarious--and true--events of the topsy-turvy invasion are set against the backdrop of the dangerous lives of the fishermen. Includes author's notes and bibliography.
The Invasion of Sicily 1943 (Images of War)
by Jon Diamond Dr.With victory in North Africa complete, the Allies had a choice. The Americans wanted an early cross channel attack from Britain on North West Europe. Churchill favored invading the soft underbelly of Italy to weaken the Axis forces and gain Italian surrender. With Eisenhowers army and battle-hardened Eighth Army in North Africa, Churchill prevailed.The ambitious Operation HUSKY required meticulous planning. Montgomery's Eighth Army and Patton's Seventh landed successfully although the air landing proved costly. While the outcome was not in doubt the mountainous terrain acted in the defenders favor. The German presence was higher than expected and the vast bulk of the enemy were Italian. In little over a month, the first Americans reached Messina.The strategic plan was successful: the Italian capitulated, Hitler had to reinforce his Southern flank relieving pressure on the Soviets and valuable lessons were learned by Allied for D-Day.
The Invasion of Sicily 1943 (Images of War)
by Jon Diamond Dr.With victory in North Africa complete, the Allies had a choice. The Americans wanted an early cross channel attack from Britain on North West Europe. Churchill favored invading the soft underbelly of Italy to weaken the Axis forces and gain Italian surrender. With Eisenhowers army and battle-hardened Eighth Army in North Africa, Churchill prevailed.The ambitious Operation HUSKY required meticulous planning. Montgomery's Eighth Army and Patton's Seventh landed successfully although the air landing proved costly. While the outcome was not in doubt the mountainous terrain acted in the defenders favor. The German presence was higher than expected and the vast bulk of the enemy were Italian. In little over a month, the first Americans reached Messina.The strategic plan was successful: the Italian capitulated, Hitler had to reinforce his Southern flank relieving pressure on the Soviets and valuable lessons were learned by Allied for D-Day.
The Invasion of the Crimea: Its Origin, and an Account of its Progress Down to the Death of Lord Raglan (The Invasion of the Crimea #1)
by Alexander W. KinglakeThis is the sixth edition of the first volume in a series of nine that was originally published in 1877, and which together provide a thoroughly comprehensive operational history of the Crimean War to June 1855, including all the early battles and the first attack on the Redan.Alexander William Kinglake (1809-1891) visited the Crimea in 1854 as a civilian and was present at the battle of the Alma (20 Sep 1854). The British Commander-in-Charge, Lord Raglan, suggested to Kinglake that he write a history of the Crimean War and made available all his private papers. The result is this monumental and elaborate piece of work, which tells the story of the war from its very origins right through to the death of Raglan on 28 June 1855, at which point the conflict still had another eight months to run until its conclusion at the Treaty of Paris on 28 February 1856…This FIRST volume takes a detailed look at the ORIGIN OF THE WAR OF 1853 BETWEEN THE CZAR AND THE SULTAN.Richly illustrated throughout with useful maps and diagrams.