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Alterity Politics: Ethics and Performative Subjectivity
by Jeffrey NealonIn conventional identity politics subjective differences are understood negatively, as gaps to be overcome, as lacks of sameness, as evidence of failed or incomplete unity. In Alterity Politics Jeffrey T. Nealon argues instead for a concrete and ethical understanding of community, one that requires response, action, and performance instead of passive resentment and unproductive mourning for a whole that cannot be attained.While discussing the work of others who have refused to thematize difference in terms of the possibility or impossibility of sameness--Levinas, Butler, Derrida, Foucault, Deleuze, Guattari, Zizek, Jameson, Heidegger, Bakhtin--Nealon argues that ethics is constituted as inexorable affirmative response to different identities, not through an inability to understand or totalize the other. Alterity Politics combines this theoretical itinerary with crucial discussions of specific and diverse sites of literary and cultural production--the work of William S. Burroughs, Amiri Baraka, Andy Warhol, Ishmael Reed, Rush Limbaugh, and Vincent Van Gogh--along with analyses of the social formation of subjects as found in identity politics, and in multicultural and whiteness studies. In the process, Nealon takes on a wide variety of issues including white male anger, the ethical questions raised by drug addiction, the nature of literary meaning, and the concept of "becoming-black."In seeking to build an ethical structure around poststructuralist discourse and to revitalize the applied use of theoretical concepts to notions of performative identity, Alterity Politics marks a decisive intervention in literary theory, cultural studies, twentieth-century philosophy, and performance studies.
Alterity and Capitalism in Speculative Fiction: Estranging Contemporary History
by Tomás VergaraSpeculative fiction has been traditionally studied in Marxist literary criticism, following Darko Suvin’s paradigmatic model of science fiction, according to a hierarchical division of its multiple subgenres in terms of their assumed inherent political value. By drawing on an alternative genealogy of Marxist criticism, this book presents a non-hierarchical understanding of the estrangement connecting all varieties of speculative fiction, outlining the political potential shared across the spectrum of speculative fiction, along with the specific narrative strategies by which it critically engages with its historical context of production. This study’s main point of contention is that speculative fiction performs an estrangement effect on historical reality that can potentially render visible the role of fantasies in the organisation of capitalist social practice. This narrative effect enables an estranged perspective by which the novel interprets and conceptualises historical reality in a totalising manner.
Alterity and Empathy in Post-1945 Asian American Narratives: Narrating Other Minds (Narrative Theory and Culture)
by Hyesu ParkThis book examines how Asian American authors since 1945 have deployed the stereotype of Asian American inscrutability in order to re-examine and debunk the stereotype in various ways. By paying special attention to what narrative theorists have regarded as one of the most extraordinary aspects of fiction—its ability to give (or else deny) readers a remarkably detailed knowledge of the inner lives of their characters—this book explores deeply and systematically the specific ways Asian American narratives attribute inscrutable minds to Asian American characters, situating them at various points along a spectrum stretching between alterity and empathy. Ultimately, the book reveals the link between narrative form and larger cultural issues associated with the representation of Asian American minds, and how a nuanced investigation of narrative form can yield insights into the sociocultural embeddedness of Asian American literature under the case studies—insights that would not be available if such formal questions were by passed.
Alterity and the Flint Water Crisis: Phenomenological Insights into Social Invisibility (Contributions to Phenomenology #127)
by Mitchell Atkinson IIIThis text develops a novel methodology for social investigation into the Flint (Michigan, USA) water crisis by using classical Husserlian phenomenology as its point of departure. To develop a proper method in a case like this, the author uses as primary data the experiences of the affected community. The text investigates philosophically how a water crisis happens as well as the structures of power responsible. This book grounds contemporary theories of power in a phenomenology of social experience. Key to that grounding is the careful elaboration of subject positions in power structures as partially constitutive of lifeworlds (lebensumwelten) for consciousness. The applied phenomenological tools unravel the central enigma of how a community’s concerns and the dictates of power can become so disastrously estranged. This text appeals to researchers and students working not just in phenomenology and philosophy but also to those working in the field of environmental humanities and on social justice issues.
Alterity, Values, and Socialization: Human Development Within Educational Contexts (Cultural Psychology of Education #6)
by Angela Uchoa Branco Maria Cláudia Lopes-de-OliveiraThis book elaborates on issues regarding alterity, values, and human development in different educational contexts, serving from young children to adolescents to adults, and it claims for the need of educational contexts to consider their responsibilities regarding the development of the sociomoral dimension of human beings. The authors, experienced theorists and researchers sharing a cultural psychological perspective, provide a fresh understanding of educational institutions, and elaborate on how initiatives aiming at promoting dialogical practices and ethical orientation within educational contexts can be productive. They provide teachers, researchers, psychologists and parents, as well as the general public, with useful knowledge in order to contribute to theoretical and practical advances concerning education and human development.
Alterknit Rebellion: Radical Patterns for Creative Knitters
by Anna BauerA collection of bright, bold and beautiful knitting patterns based on Hönsestrikk, a Danish knitting movement that broke away from traditional rules. Hönsestrikk, which loosely translates as &“chicken stitch&” was influenced by the radical social and political movements of the 1970s, including the women&’s rights movement, and this can be seen in the personal and political messages of the some of the pattern designs. Instead of the more traditional fair isle colorwork techniques, Hönsestrikk knitting featured political messages and motifs, colors clashed and borders butted up against each other in a riot of color and pattern. Hönsestrikk is about knitting in a freer style so you have the freedom to express yourself and create truly unique, personalized garments and accessories. Designer Anna Bauer has been inspired by the Hönsestrikk movement to create this collection of basic designs and patterns so you can choose your own combinations and create and knit your own free, radical knits.
Altermondialismes: Justice sociale et écologique dans un monde globalisé
by Raphaël Canet Cameron Ronald Nathalie GuayCritique de la mondialisation promue par le néolibéralisme, le phénomène de l’altermondialisme concerne notre propre contemporanéité. Né au cours de la première décennie du 21e siècle, ce nouveau phénomène mérite l’attention. Ainsi, de la mondialisation à l’altermondialisme, que s’est-il passé ? Altermondialismes répond à cette urgente question en retraçant le parcours de ce phénomène, marqué par de nombreux évènements, de multiples mobilisations, la création de nouveaux réseaux, tel le Forum social mondial, et des revendications ayant émergé dans le sillage de la vague rose en Amérique latine et des Printemps arabes. Mise en perspective historique qui retrace 20 ans de mobilisations sociales dans le contexte de la mondialisation néolibérale et du passage vers l’altermondialisme, l’ouvrage combine l’analyse rigoureuse, l’engagement social, la réflexion et la pratique. Malgré les chocs subis par la crise qui frappe actuellement l’économie mondiale, des mouvements ont trouvé les moyens de relancer les revendications féministes et écologistes, les projets d’économie sociale et solidaire, le respect des droits et la lutte contre le racisme et les discriminations. Dans ce contexte, Altermondialismes pose un regard critique et sans concessions sur le monde contemporain et permet de faire un bilan honnête et sérieux des défis rencontrés, mais aussi des solutions de rechange possibles pour le monde de demain.
Altermondialismes: Justice sociale et écologique dans un monde globalisé (Collection 101)
by Ronald Cameron M Raphaël Canet Mme Nathalie GuayFaced with the impacts that are shaking the planet and its populations, what can we learn from feminist and environmental demands, social and solidarity economy projects, the fight against discrimination and the World Social Forum? The search for alternative solutions is the driving force of social movements. Altermondialismes traces the course of mobilizations that, since the advent of neoliberal globalization, have been working to build a more equitable world.Altermondialismes takes an uncompromising look at the contemporary world and draws an honest and serious assessment of the challenges to be met, but also of the alternatives for the future.Is a better world still possible?
Altern als Zukunft – eine Studie der VolkswagenStiftung
by Stephan Lessenich Frieder R. Lang Klaus RothermundDeutschland altert – aber was heißt das? Ist das schlimm? Und kann eine Gesellschaft überhaupt als Ganzes altern? In einer Zusammenführung von psychologischen, gerontologischen und soziologischen Erkenntnissen eröffnet dieses Open Access Buch einen bislang einzigartigen, vielseitigen und realistischen Blick auf das Phänomen des Alters und den Prozess des Alterns. Schwerpunkte des Projekts Altern als Zukunft waren Forschungen zu Altersbildern, zur Vorsorge für das Alter sowie zum Zeithandeln im Alter. Über ein Jahrzehnt lang führten die Autoren hierzu quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen in drei Kontinenten durch. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vereinseitigende Sichtweisen auf das Alter – seien es negative Stereotypen oder positive Überhöhungen – der Komplexität von Alternserfahrungen nicht gerecht werden. Das Buch richtet sich an alle, die sich für das Altern interessieren: wissenschaftlich, gesellschaftspolitisch, praktisch und persönlich. Ob alt oder jung, das Buch regt dazu an, eigene Sichtweisen zu hinterfragen. Eines wird deutlich: das ‚eine‘ Alter gibt es nicht – und Altern ist unsere Zukunft. Altern als Zukunft plädiert für die individuelle wie gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz der sozialen Tatsache des Alterns – und für das Recht, im höheren Alter genauso selbstbestimmt leben zu können wie in anderen Altersphasen auch.
Altern gestalten - Medizin, Technik, Umwelt: Medizin - Technik - Umwelt (Schriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse #21)
by Wolfgang Schlicht Heinz Häfner Konrad BeyreutherDie Landesakademie veranstaltet aus Anlass des 100-jährigen Jubiläums der Wiedergründung der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften gemeinsam mit den Universitäten des Landes Baden-Württemberg Tagungen und Vortragsreihen. Der Band enthält die Beiträge zum Symposium "Altern gestalten - Medizin, Technik, Umwelt". Die Autoren behandeln den demographischen Wandel aus unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven, sie bieten anspruchsvolle Analysen zu Fragen des Alterns und zeigen Wege zu einer altersgerechten Gestaltung von Umwelt Gesellschaft auf.
Altern in der Landwirtschaft als gesellschaftliche Herausforderung: Eine Analyse von Erwerbsbiographien selbstständiger Landwirte (Dortmunder Beiträge zur Sozialforschung)
by Kim Marei KusserowSeit Jahrzehnten befindet sich die Landwirtschaft in einem Strukturwandel, der mit zahlreichen Entwicklungen einhergeht. Neben einer veränderten Arbeitsstruktur und -organisation nimmt der Strukturwandel auch Einfluss auf die (Erwerbs-)Biographien der Menschen, die in der Landwirtschaft arbeiten. Auf Grundlage qualitativer Interviews mit Betriebsleiter*innen aus Niedersachsen sowie Vertreter*innen landwirtschaftlicher Organisationen befasst sich das vorliegende Buch mit den aktuellen und zukünftigen Rahmenbedingungen für die Lebensgestaltung im höheren Alter von selbstständigen Landwirt*innen und analysiert diese vor dem Hintergrund biographietheoretischer Konzepte.
Altern mit Stigma: Gesellschaftliche und psychosoziale Perspektiven des Älterwerdens in stigmatisierten Lebenskontexten
by Phil C. Langer Jochen Drewes Daniel SchaarenbergErstmals im deutschsprachigen Raum wird die Lebenswirklichkeit von Menschen, deren Älterwerden mit gesundheitlichen und gesellschaftlichen Stigmata verbunden ist, systematisch in den Blick genommen. Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund oder Behinderung, mit chronischen Erkrankungen wie HIV/Aids, mit langjähriger Drogen- oder Psychoseerfahrung, schwul, lesbisch oder trans* lebende Menschen weisen im Alter aufgrund ihrer Zugehörigkeit zu einer stigmatisierten Gruppe spezifische psychosoziale Bedarfe auf. In dem Sammelband werden diese Bedarfe anhand aktueller Forschungs- und Praxisbefunde adressiert und innovative Perspektiven eines selbstbestimmten Alterns aufgezeigt.
Altern und Versorgung im nachbarschaftlichen Netz eines Wohnquartiers: Zur Kooperation eines Altenhilfeträgers und einer Wohnbaugenossenschaft bei der quartiersbezogenen Gemeinwesenarbeit
by Sigrid KallfaßDiese Publikation beinhaltet die Ergebnisse des vom Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projekts ,,Altern und Versorgung im nachbarschaftlichen Netz einer Wohnbaugenossenschaft". Die umfassende Studie liefert wichtige Aspekte zur Förderung einer Generationenbeziehung im nachbarschaftlichen Kontext.
Altern, Müdigkeit und Entzündungen verstehen: Wenn Immunsystem und Gehirn um die Energie im Körper ringen
by Rainer H. StraubIn dem wissenschaftlichen Sachbuch erklärt der Rheumatologe und Professor für experimentelle Medizin Rainer H. Straub aus ganzheitlicher Sicht einen zentralen Konflikt im Körper: Warum der Streit um Energie uns altern lässt und zu Erschöpfung und Stresszuständen, Schlafstörungen und Gewichtsproblemen, Libidostörungen und Bluthochdruck führt. Und warum das vor allem Menschen mit chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankungen zu schaffen macht. Mit spannenden Erkenntnissen nimmt uns der Autor mit auf eine Reise zurück in die Evolutionsbiologie, in die Gegenwart der Energieregulation und in das zukunftsweisende Gebiet der Psychoneuroimmunolgie. Lernen Sie, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Entzündungsprozessen und Energieregulation im Körper zu verstehen und für Ihren Umgang mit Erkrankungen und Ihre therapeutischen Möglichkeiten Konsequenzen zu ziehen.
Altern: Alter und Altern individuell, kollektiv und die Folgen (Schriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse #27)
by Heinz Häfner Thomas W. Holstein Anthony D. HoWir haben immer mehr Alte, immer weniger Kinder. Dank wissenschaftlicher Fortschritte verlängert sich die Lebenserwartung ständig. Erkenntnisse aus der Naturwissenschaft in der post-genomischen Ära deuten darauf, dass diese Entwicklung trotz der Zunahme altersassoziierter Krankheiten und Behinderungen noch nicht am Ende angekommen ist. Droht diese Flut von Alten, Rentnern und „Konsumenten des Lebens“ zum Verlust des Zusammenhalts der Gesellschaft zu führen? Nach der Bestandsaufnahme der jüngsten Errungenschaften der Forschung hat das interaktive Symposium sich mit den Chancen und Gefahren der „gewonnenen Jahre“ auseinandergesetzt. Die Referentinnen und Referenten sind herausragende Vertreter der Biologie und Medizin. Meinungsbildner der Geisteswissenschaften und Persönlichkeiten aus der Politik kamen ebenfalls zu Wort.
Altern: Zelluläre und molekulare Grundlagen, körperliche Veränderungen und Erkrankungen, Therapieansätze
by Ludger Rensing Volkhard RippeDas für ein breites Publikum geschriebene Werk zeigt die kausalen Verbindungen zwischen den messbaren Alterserscheinungen und den zugrundeliegenden Veränderungen in Genen, Zellen und in deren Kommunikationssystemen auf. Molekularbiologische Ansätze gewinnen in Medizin und Pharmakologie immer mehr an Bedeutung (Molekulare Medizin, targeted therapies, genombasierte personalisierte Medizin), und Kenntnisse über kausale Mechanismen der Alterung werden die Vorsorge und Therapie zahlreicher Alterskrankheiten deutlich verbessern können Die Autoren erläutern diese Zusammenhänge an elf menschlichen Funktionssystemen: Haut, Knochenskelett, Muskulatur, Kreislauf und Lunge, Immunsystem, Verdauungssystem, Ausscheidungssystem, Sexualität und Fortpflanzung, Hormonsystem, zentrales Nervensystem und Sinnesorgane. Jedes Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Übersicht über die normalen Funktionen des Systems; dann werden die altersabhängigen Veränderungen und Erkrankungen mit den zugrundeliegenden molekularen Mechanismen dargestellt. Abschließend gehen die Autoren auf einige medizinische Aspekte von Alterserkrankungen und wichtige therapeutische Ansätze ein. Am Anfang des Buches steht ein einführendes Kapitel über die grundlegenden (evolutions)biologischen Fragen zu Alterungsvorgängen, gefolgt von einer Übersicht über den gegenwärtigen Stand der Altersforschung und die wichtigsten Alterstheorien, darunter die Theorie der Schadensakkumulation und die Theorie der Verkürzung der Chromosomenenden (Telomere) Im letzten Kapitel des Werkes geht es schließlich um die Frage, wodurch die Korrelation zwischen Alter und dem Auftreten der meisten Krebstypen zustande kommt und welche äußeren und inneren Faktoren dabei mitwirken.
Alternadad: The True Story of One Family's Struggle to Raise a Cool Kid in America
by Neal PollackA few years ago, Neal Pollack was probably the least likely father you've ever met: a pop-culture-obsessed writer and self-styled party guy known mostly for outrageous literary antics. In typical fashion, he responded to the birth of his son by forming a mediocre rock band and taking it on tour. Now, in Alternadad, he tells the hilarious and poignant story of how he learned to be a father to his son, Elijah, after the failure of his short-lived rock 'n' roll dreams. Pollack and his wife, Regina, were determined to raise their son without growing up too much themselves. They welcomed the responsibility but were worried that they'd become uptight and out of touch. Through the ups and downs of the first years of their son's life their determination is put to the test, and they find themselves changing in ways they never expected, particularly after Elijah develops a biting problem in preschool. Alternadad is a refreshingly honest book about the wonders, terrors, and idiocies of parenting today. From enrolling his son in an absurd corporate gymnastics class to a disastrous visit to a rock festival to uncomfortable encounters with other parents whom he'd ordinarily avoid, Pollack candidly explores the everyday struggles and the long-term compromises that come with parenthood. Mixing ironic skepticism with an appreciation for the absurdities of everyday life, Alternadad is a portrait of a new version of the American family: responsible if unorthodox parents raising kids who know the difference between the Ramones and the Sex Pistols. Wildly funny, surprising, and often moving, it just might be the parenting bible for a new generation of mothers and fathers.
Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers: Biology, Ecology and Disease Management
by Govind Singh Saharan Naresh Mehta Prabhu Dayal MeenaThis book deals with the various aspects viz. , the disease, geographical distribution, symptoms on different hosts, host range, yield losses, and disease assessment method, while detailed description on pathogen include taxonomic position, phylogeny, variability, sporulation, perpetuation, and spore germination, host-parasite interactions in the form of seed infection, disease cycle, process of infection, and pathogenesis, epidemiology, forecasting, fine structures, biochemical changes, and phytotoxins, host defence mechanism, techniques to study host-parasite relationships, and management practices including cultural, chemical, biological control practices, and deployment of host resistance. The last section deals with gaps in our understanding, and knowledge about management of these diseases, techniques for the diagnosis of disease and offer suggestions for future research priorities. Each aspect has been vividly illustrated with photographs, histograms, figures, tables, electron micrographs for stimulating, effective and easy reading and understanding. We are sure that this comprehensive encyclopaedic treatise on "Alternaria diseases of crucifers" will be of immense use to the researchers, teachers, students and all others who are interested in the diagnosis and management of Alternaria diseases of crucifers world over. Four species of Alternaria are wide spread and most devastating on cruciferous oil yielding crops, vegetables, forage crops, ornamental plants, and numerous weeds all over the world. The damage to the plants is in the form of infections on seed in the soil during sowing, on seedlings during emergence and growth, on stem, leaves, inflorescence, pods and finally to the seed causing yield losses in seed quantity and quality.
Alternate Civilities
by Robert Paul WellerSome Asian political leaders and Western academics have recently claimed that China is unlikely to produce an open political system. This claim rests on the idea that "Confucian culture" provides an alternative to Western civil values, and that China lacked the democratic traditions and even the horizontal institutions of trust that could build a civil society. An opposed school of thought is far more optimistic about democracy, because it sees market economies of the kind China has begun to foster as pushing inexorably against authoritarian political control and reproducing Western patterns of change.Alternate Civilities argues for a different set of political possibilities. By comparing China with Taiwan's new and vibrant democracy, it shows how democracy can grow out of Chinese cultural roots and authoritarian institutions. The business organizations, religious groups, environmental movements, and women's networks it examines do not simply reproduce Western values and institutions. These cases point to the possibility of an alternate civility, neither the stubborn remnant of an ancient authoritarian culture, nor a reflex of market economics. They are instead the active creation of new solutions to the problems of modern life.
Alternate Civilities: Democracy And Culture In China And Taiwan
by Robert Paul WellerAn anthropologists answer to the argument that Chinas cultural tradition renders it incapable of achieving an open political system, drawing on the example of the role of business organizations, religious groups and womens networks in the democratization of Taiwan.. Alternate Civilities is an anthropologists answer to the argument that Chinas cultural tradition renders it incapable of achieving an open political system. Robert P. Weller draws on his knowledge of both China and Taiwan to show how such sweeping claims fail to take account of potential democratic stimuli among local-level associations such as business organizations, religious groups, environmental movements, and womens networks. These groups were pivotal in Taiwans democratic transition, and they are thriving in the new free space that has opened up in China. They do not promise a clone of Western civil society, but they do show the possibility of an alternate civility }Some Asian political leaders and Western academics have recently claimed that China is unlikely to produce an open political system. This claim rests on the idea that Confucian culture provides an alternative to Western civil values, and that China lacked the democratic traditions and even the horizontal institutions of trust that could build a civil society. An opposed school of thought is far more optimistic about democracy, because it sees market economies of the kind China has begun to foster as pushing inexorably against authoritarian political control and reproducing Western patterns of change. Alternate Civilities argues for a different set of political possibilities. By comparing China with Taiwans new and vibrant democracy, it shows how democracy can grow out of Chinese cultural roots and authoritarian institutions. The business organizations, religious groups, environmental movements, and womens networks it examines do not simply reproduce Western values and institutions. These cases point to the possibility of an alternate civility, neither the stubborn remnant of an ancient authoritarian culture, nor a reflex of market economics. They are instead the active creation of new solutions to the problems of modern life. }
Alternate Civilities: Democracy and Culture in China and Taiwan
by Robert P. WellerSome Asian political leaders and Western academics have recently claimed that China is unlikely to produce an open political system. This claim rests on the idea that ?Confucian cultureOCO provides an alternative to Western civil values, and that China lacked the democratic traditions and even the horizontal institutions of trust that could build a civil society. An opposed school of thought is far more optimistic about democracy, because it sees market economies of the kind China has begun to foster as pushing inexorably against authoritarian political control and reproducing Western patterns of change. "Alternate Civilities" argues for a different set of political possibilities. By comparing China with TaiwanOCOs new and vibrant democracy, it shows how democracy can grow out of Chinese cultural roots and authoritarian institutions. The business organizations, religious groups, environmental movements, and womenOCOs networks it examines do not simply reproduce Western values and institutions. These cases point to the possibility of an alternate civility, neither the stubborn remnant of an ancient authoritarian culture, nor a reflex of market economics. They are instead the active creation of new solutions to the problems of modern life. "
Alternate Fractionation in Radiotherapy: Paradigm Change (Medical Radiology)
by Paolo Montemaggi Mark Trombetta Luther W. Brady Jean-Philippe PignolThis book, written by leading international experts, describes alternate fractionation strategies in which technology-driven precise targeting and dosing allow for improved conformance and decreased volumes, with concordant lessening of toxicity, reduction in treatment time, and lower overall health care expense. The aim is to provide the advanced clinician with an up-to-date evidence-based reference that will assist in the delivery of enhanced patient care in daily practice. Traditional multi-week fractionation schedules were established at a time when the inclusion of relatively large amounts of normal tissue was unavoidable owing to the lack of accurate target localization during treatment. Such schedules are time and resource consuming, difficult for patients, and expensive. Nevertheless, acceptance of alternate fractionation strategies has been slow in some countries. The paradigm is, however, changing as evidence accumulates to demonstrate improved local control, equivalence of tolerance, or both. In documenting these alternate strategies, this book will be of value for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and oncologists worldwide.
Alternate Light Source Imaging: Forensic Photography Techniques
by Norman Marin Jeffrey BuszkaAlternate Light Source Imaging provides a brief guide to digital imaging using reflected infrared and ultraviolet radiation for crime scene photographers. Clear and concise instruction illustrates how to accomplish good photographs in a variety of forensic situations. It demonstrates how tunable wavelength light sources and digital imaging techniques can be used to successfully locate and document physical evidence at the crime scene, in the morgue, or in the laboratory. The scientific principles that make this type of photography possible are described, followed by the basic steps that can be utilized to capture high quality evidentiary photographs.
Alternate Programmed Cell Death Signaling in Antiviral Host Defense (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology #442)
by Edward S. Mocarski Pratyusha MandalThis volume provides a comprehensive review of programmed cell death pathways and their fundamental role in antiviral host defense. The book deep-dives into the molecular functions and regulation of necroptosis and discusses how viruses induce and manipulate this potent innate cellular sensing system. Initially, understanding of necroptosis emerged from studies on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling that showed the key role of receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) which then phosphorylates mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) to execute cells via plasma membrane leakage of cytosolic contents. Since its discovery, multiple facets of the RIPK3-dependent necroptotic machinery have evolved where the requirements for execution of death varies depending on the stimulus. Virus-induced necroptosis was discovered over 10 years ago in studies on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) where a virus-encoded inhibitor was shown to prevent the recruitment of RIPK3 (RIP3). This transformative evidence identified a novel pathway acting independent of TNF, interferon or RIPK1 that can stop virus from infecting its natural mouse host by killing off infected cells to halt replication. Over the past decade influenza A virus (IAV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poxvirus vaccinia (VACV) have all been shown to trigger the pathway. Herpesviruses and poxviruses also encode inhibitors of caspase-8 whose elaboration unleashes the necroptosis pathway. IAV and other RNA viruses do not encode programmed cell death inhibitors. RIPK3 is also known to induce apoptosis by recruiting RIPK1 as shown nearly a decade ago and this dual apoptosis/necroptosis induction occurs naturally during influenza A virus infection. RIPK3 is also able to induce an inflammatory response independently of programmed cell death that can predominate to drive inflammatory disease outcomes. This volume is a must-read for researchers and advanced students in immunology and virology.
Alternate Reality Games: Gamification for Performance
by Charles Palmer Andy PetroskiWhile formal training and communication are a foundational approach to developing employees in the workplace, alternate reality games (ARGs) provide a framework for increased and sustained engagement within business organizations. ARGs are transmedia experiences designed to generate engagement and immersive learning beyond what is achieved in forma