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Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis
by John Lofland David A. Snow Leon Anderson Lyn H. LoflandThis comprehensive guide takes a 'how-to' approach to qualitative data collection and analysis. Drawing from a wealth of illustrative research examples and applications, the authors introduce techniques of collecting, focusing, and analyzing data in a step-by-step manner. First published in 1971, this book has become the field manual for any student doing social science fieldwork.
Analyzing Sound Patterns
by Long PengAnalyzing Sound Patterns is a clear and concise introduction to phonological phenomena, covering a wide range of issues from segmental to suprasegmental problems and prosodic morphology. Assuming no prior knowledge of problem solving, this textbook shows students how to analyze phonological problems with a focus on practical tools, methodology and step-by-step instructions. It is aimed at undergraduate and beginning graduate students and places an instructional focus on developing students' analytical abilities. It includes extensive exercises of various types which engage students in reading and evaluating competing analyses, and involves students in a variety of analytical tasks. This textbook: • is designed around related phonological problems and demonstrates how they are analyzed step by step • presents and compares competing accounts of identical problems, and discusses and evaluates the arguments that distinguish one analysis from another • details how a broad array of sound patterns are identified and analyzed.
Analyzing Soviet Strategic Arms Decisions
by Karl F. SpielmannThe importance to Western policymakers of determining the significance of Soviet strategic arms decisions is matched by the difficulty of doing so. The high stakes involved and, in many cases, the inadequacy of evidence can all too easily lead to generalizations that rest more on passionate conviction than on accepted principles of scholarly inquir
Analyzing Spatial Models of Choice and Judgment (Chapman & Hall/CRC Statistics in the Social and Behavioral Sciences #14)
by Keith T. Poole Howard Rosenthal Ryan Bakker Royce Carroll Christopher Hare David A. ArmstrongWith recent advances in computing power and the widespread availability of preference, perception and choice data, such as public opinion surveys and legislative voting, the empirical estimation of spatial models using scaling and ideal point estimation methods has never been more accessible.The second edition of Analyzing Spatial Models of Choice and Judgment demonstrates how to estimate and interpret spatial models with a variety of methods using the open-source programming language R. Requiring only basic knowledge of R, the book enables social science researchers to apply the methods to their own data. Also suitable for experienced methodologists, it presents the latest methods for modeling the distances between points. The authors explain the basic theory behind empirical spatial models, then illustrate the estimation technique behind implementing each method, exploring the advantages and limitations while providing visualizations to understand the results. This second edition updates and expands the methods and software discussed in the first edition, including new coverage of methods for ordinal data and anchoring vignettes in surveys, as well as an entire chapter dedicated to Bayesian methods. The second edition is made easier to use by the inclusion of an R package, which provides all data and functions used in the book. David A. Armstrong II is Canada Research Chair in Political Methodology and Associate Professor of Political Science at Western University. His research interests include measurement, Democracy and state repressive action. Ryan Bakker is Reader in Comparative Politics at the University of Essex. His research interests include applied Bayesian modeling, measurement, Western European politics, and EU politics. Royce Carroll is Professor in Comparative Politics at the University of Essex. His research focuses on measurement of ideology and the comparative politics of legislatures and political parties. Christopher Hare is Assistant Professor in Political Science at the University of California, Davis. His research focuses on ideology and voting behavior in US politics, political polarization, and measurement. Keith T. Poole is Philip H. Alston Jr. Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia. His research interests include methodology, US political-economic history, economic growth and entrepreneurship. Howard Rosenthal is Professor of Politics at NYU and Roger Williams Straus Professor of Social Sciences, Emeritus, at Princeton. Rosenthal’s research focuses on political economy, American politics and methodology.
Analyzing Strategic Rivalries in World Politics: Types of Rivalry, Regional Variation, and Escalation/De-escalation (Evidence-Based Approaches to Peace and Conflict Studies #4)
by William R. Thompson Kentaro Sakuwa Prashant Hosur SuhasStrategic rivalries are contests between states that view one another as threatening competitors and treat each other as enemies. A disproportionate amount of interstate conflict is generated by a relatively small number of these pairs of states engaged in rivalries that can persist for years. Thus, to understand interstate peace and conflict, it is useful to know how rivalries work in general and more specifically. In the past two decades, a strenuous effort has been mounted to introduce the concept of rivalry and demonstrate its utility in unraveling conflict situations. Yet all rivalries are not exactly alike. We need to move to a more rewarding differentiation of how they differ in general. Principal rivalries are those antagonisms that are most significant to the decision makers in a state. The main distinction on issues about which rivals dispute are positional and spatial concerns. Positional rivalries contend over regional and global influence. Spatial rivals contend over which state deserves to control disputed territory. Interventionary rivalries predominate in sub-Saharan Africa. Their primary focus involves neighboring states attempting to influence who rules and how co-ethnics are treated. This book updates the inventory of strategic rivalries from 1816 to 2020. Principal rivalries are identified for the first time and cover the same period. A theory stressing the two main types of rivalry (positional and spatial) is elaborated and tested. Regional variations on the origins and terminations of spatial rivalry are explored and interpreted. In addition, attention is paid to fluctuations in the intensity of positional rivalries by examining the working of the contemporary major power triangle (United States, Soviet Union/Russia, and China) and, more generally, the dynamics of regional power that are rising in terms of their relative capability and status in the system. Variations in cooperation and termination dynamics both in general and according to rivalry type are also examined. Overall, the emphases of the book are split between demonstrating the utility of distinguishing among rivalry types and examining selected rivalry dynamics.
Analyzing Superfund: Economics, Science and Law (Routledge Revivals)
by Richard B. Stewart Richard L. ReveszOriginally published in 1995, Analyzing Superfund outlines the key issues of the superfund reauthorization debate in the United States. The Superfund law faced criticism for being wasteful, inefficient and expensive. These papers sought to shed light on this argument in relation to clean-up standards, the liability regime, transaction costs and natural resource damage. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies and professionals
Analyzing Tabular Data: Loglinear and logistic models for social researchers (Routledge Revivals)
by Nigel GilbertFirst published in 1993, Analyzing Tabular Data is an accessible text introducing a powerful range of analytical methods. Empirical social research almost invariably requires the presentation and analysis of tables, and this book is for those who have little prior knowledge of quantitative analysis or statistics, but who have a practical need to extract the most from their data. The book begins with an introduction to the process of data analysis and the basic structure of cross-tabulations. At the core of the methods described in the text is the loglinear model. This and the logistic model, are explained and their application to causal modelling, to event history analysis, and to social mobility research are described in detail. Each chapter concludes with sample programs to show how analysis on typical datasets can be carried out using either the popular computer packages, SPSS, or the statistical programme, GLIM. The book is packed with examples which apply the methods to social science research. Sociologists, geographers, psychologists, economists, market researchers and those involved in survey research in the fields of planning, evaluation and policy will find the book to be a clear and thorough exposition of methods for the analysis of tabular data.
Analyzing Talk in the Social Sciences: Narrative, Conversation and Discourse Strategies
by Katherine Bischoping Amber GazsoTalk is one of the main resources available to qualitative researchers. It offers rich, meaningful data that can provide real insights and new perspectives. But once you have the data how do you select an appropriate means of analysis? How do you ensure that the approach you adopt is the best for your project and your data? The book will help you choose strategies for qualitative analysis that best suit your research. It walks you through key decisions, provides actionable game plans and highlights the advantages and challenges of the main approaches. It is packed full of real examples designed to showcase the different tools you might use to meet your own objectives. Each section of the book focuses on one popular strategy for analyzing talk-based data: Narrative Analysis Conversation Analysis Discourse Analysis Taken together these sections will help you to fine-tune the link between your primary research question and your methods; to ensure that your theoretical stance fits with your methods; and to reason through your analysis in a way that will be recognizable to the intellectual communities of narrative, conversation, or discourse analysts. This book is both starting point and map for any social scientist looking to strategically and purposefully analyse talk data.
Analyzing Talk in the Social Sciences: Narrative, Conversation and Discourse Strategies
by Katherine Bischoping Amber GazsoTalk is one of the main resources available to qualitative researchers. It offers rich, meaningful data that can provide real insights and new perspectives. But once you have the data how do you select an appropriate means of analysis? How do you ensure that the approach you adopt is the best for your project and your data? The book will help you choose strategies for qualitative analysis that best suit your research. It walks you through key decisions, provides actionable game plans and highlights the advantages and challenges of the main approaches. It is packed full of real examples designed to showcase the different tools you might use to meet your own objectives. Each section of the book focuses on one popular strategy for analyzing talk-based data: Narrative Analysis Conversation Analysis Discourse Analysis Taken together these sections will help you to fine-tune the link between your primary research question and your methods; to ensure that your theoretical stance fits with your methods; and to reason through your analysis in a way that will be recognizable to the intellectual communities of narrative, conversation, or discourse analysts. This book is both starting point and map for any social scientist looking to strategically and purposefully analyse talk data.
Analyzing Text and Discourse: Eight Approaches for the Social Sciences
by Göran Bergström Kristina BoréusA unique anthology of textual analysis methodologies, this book offers a thorough introduction to the key approaches and the tools students need to implement them. Every chapter contains not just the theory behind each methodology, but also its advantages and disadvantages, its problems with ontology and language, and its relationship to studying social phenomenon. Through contemporary and relatable real-world worked examples, the book illustrates different contexts in which a methodology has been successfully used and allows students to see the methods in action and extrapolate the techniques into their own research. Methods included: Content analysis Argumentation analysis Qualitative analysis of ideas Narrative analysis Metaphor analysis Multimodal discourse analysis Discourse analysis Engaging and authoritative in equal measure, this guide to textual analysis is the perfect foundation for students conducting research in the social sciences.
Analyzing Text and Discourse: Eight Approaches for the Social Sciences
by Göran Bergström Kristina BoréusA unique anthology of textual analysis methodologies, this book offers a thorough introduction to the key approaches and the tools students need to implement them. Every chapter contains not just the theory behind each methodology, but also its advantages and disadvantages, its problems with ontology and language, and its relationship to studying social phenomenon. Through contemporary and relatable real-world worked examples, the book illustrates different contexts in which a methodology has been successfully used and allows students to see the methods in action and extrapolate the techniques into their own research. Methods included: Content analysis Argumentation analysis Qualitative analysis of ideas Narrative analysis Metaphor analysis Multimodal discourse analysis Discourse analysis Engaging and authoritative in equal measure, this guide to textual analysis is the perfect foundation for students conducting research in the social sciences.
Analyzing Text and Discourse: Nine Approaches for the Social Sciences
by Anders Björkvall Kristina Boreus Per-Anders SvärdChoose the right methodological tools to answer your research question and know how to use them with this anthology of textual analysis approaches. Each chapter provides not only relevant theoretical background behind each methodology, but also its advantages and challenges, its potential applications, and its relationship to studying social phenomenon. Through step-by-step worked examples of real-world data, you get an in-depth window into each method in action and learn how to apply the same techniques successfully and confidently in your own research. Methods include: • Content analysis • Narrative analysis • Critical discourse studies • Multimodal discourse analysis
Analyzing Textual Information: From Words to Meanings through Numbers (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Johannes Ledolter Lea S. VanderVeldeResearchers in the social sciences and beyond are dealing more and more with massive quantities of text data requiring analysis, from historical letters to the constant stream of content in social media. Traditional texts on statistical analysis have focused on numbers, but this book will provide a practical introduction to the quantitative analysis of textual data. Using up-to-date R methods, this book will take readers through the text analysis process, from text mining and pre-processing the text to final analysis. It includes two major case studies using historical and more contemporary text data to demonstrate the practical applications of these methods. Currently, there is no introductory how-to book on textual data analysis with R that is up-to-date and applicable across the social sciences. Code and a variety of additional resources to enrich the use of this book are available on an accompanying website. These resources include data files from the 39th Congress, and also the collection of tweets of President Trump, now no longer available to researchers via Twitter itself.
Analyzing Textual Information: From Words to Meanings through Numbers (Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences)
by Johannes Ledolter Lea S. VanderVeldeResearchers in the social sciences and beyond are dealing more and more with massive quantities of text data requiring analysis, from historical letters to the constant stream of content in social media. Traditional texts on statistical analysis have focused on numbers, but this book will provide a practical introduction to the quantitative analysis of textual data. Using up-to-date R methods, this book will take readers through the text analysis process, from text mining and pre-processing the text to final analysis. It includes two major case studies using historical and more contemporary text data to demonstrate the practical applications of these methods. Currently, there is no introductory how-to book on textual data analysis with R that is up-to-date and applicable across the social sciences. Code and a variety of additional resources to enrich the use of this book are available on an accompanying website. These resources include data files from the 39th Congress, and also the collection of tweets of President Trump, now no longer available to researchers via Twitter itself.
Analyzing The Boston Tea Party: Establishing Cause-and-effect Relationships (Critical Thinking In American History)
by Greg RozaUsing the exercises and primary source documents in this engaging book, students will learn about key moments that led to the American Revolution. <P><P>These include the financial pressure on England after its resources were spread thin by the French and Indian War, the formation of the Sons of Liberty, the backlash and revolt of colonists in response to the Stamp, Sugar, and Quartering Acts, the tea party itself, and the eventual meeting of the first Continental Congress.
Analyzing US Census Data: Methods, Maps, and Models in R (Chapman & Hall/CRC The R Series)
by Kyle WalkerCensus data are widely used by practitioners to understand demographic change, allocate resources, address inequalities, and make sound business decisions. Until recently, projects using US Census data have required proficiency with multiple web interfaces and software platforms to prepare, map, and present data products. This book introduces readers to tools in the R programming language for accessing and analyzing Census data, helping analysts manage these types of projects in a single computing environment. Chapters in this book cover the following key topics: • Rapidly acquiring data from the decennial US Census and American Community Survey using R, then analyzing these datasets using tidyverse tools; • Visualizing US Census data with a wide range of methods including charts in ggplot2 as well as both static and interactive maps; • Using R as a geographic information system (GIS) to manage, analyze, and model spatial demographic data from the US Census; • Working with and modeling individual-level microdata from the American Community Survey’s PUMS datasets; • Applying these tools and workflows to the analysis of historical Census data, other US government datasets, and international Census data from countries like Canada, Brazil, Kenya, and Mexico. Kyle Walker is an associate professor of geography at Texas Christian University, director of TCU’s Center for Urban Studies, and a spatial data science consultant. His research focuses on demographic trends in the United States, demographic data visualization, and software tools for open spatial data science. He is the lead author of a number of R packages including tigris, tidycensus, and mapboxapi.
Analyzing Violence Against Women (Library of Public Policy and Public Administration #12)
by Wanda TeaysThis timely anthology brings into sharp relief the extent of violence against women. Its range is global and far reaching in terms of the number of victims. There are deeply entrenched values that need to be rooted out and laid bare.This text offers a philosophical analysis of the problem, with important insights from the various contributors. Topics range from sexual assault to media violence, prostitution and pornography, domestic violence, and sexual harassment. Each of the four parts include essays which tackle these issues and provide us with tools for bringing about change.The philosophical approaches to the topic give readers insight into the harms of interpersonal violence and its impact on the lives of its victims. Analyzing Violence Against Women calls us to examine public policies and work for systemic change. In the process, we are reminded that the concerns of the discipline of Philosophy encompasses issues with a wider scope.Students will especially benefit from seeing how the various authors grapple with this pressing issue and clarify why we need to bring about change.
Analyzing Websites
by Luc Massou Patrick Mpondo-Dicka Nathalie PinèdeFrom a cluster of interconnected HTML pages to online service platforms, websites are constantly changing in form and function. These transformations have led, on the one hand, to human and social sciences renewing or inventing analytical methodologies; and on the other hand, to a reconsideration of the practices of non-specialists and digital professionals. The Web factory is equally included on the agenda of communication training, according to an alternative approach that is complementary to the one that has been implemented for computer scientists. From these two perspectives and drawing upon several case studies, Analyzing Websites presents epistemological and methodological contributions from researchers in Information and Communication Sciences exploring websites as sociotechnical, semi-discursive and communicational devices. This study covers website design as well as their integration into the digital strategies of organizations in the public, associative and private sectors.
Analyzing Within-subjects Experiments
by John W. CottonMost behavioral scientists know two important concepts -- how to analyze continuous data from randomly assigned treatment groups of subjects and how to assess practice effects for a single group of subjects given a constant treatment at each of several stages of practice. However, except in the case of the repeated measures Latin square design, researchers are not facile in analyzing data from different subjects receiving different treatments at various times in an experiment. This book helps fill the void.
Analyzing Work Groups
by Linda A. Hill Michel AntebyWork groups are the building blocks of organizations. They are found in all areas of an organization, from research and development to customer service, and at all levels, from the executive suite to the factory floor. Some are incredibly successful, while others are dismal failures. Team work is hard work, and all too often groups do not live up to their potential. Provides a framework for analyzing work groups so that group leaders and members can identify actions that will enhance their effectiveness. Helps provide insight into the factors most profoundly shaping the development, dynamics, and effectiveness of task-performing groups and, in particular, group culture, its antecedents, and consequences. To illustrate how the framework is used, it looks at and analyzes an actual work group: the new product team of the Merit Corporation. Examines the impact of leadership style on group culture and outcomes and describes how one leader's individual style can affect the way teams operate and perform.
Analyzing World Fiction
by Frederick Luis AldamaWhy are many readers drawn to stories that texture ethnic experiences and identities other than their own? How do authors such as Salman Rushdie and Maxine Hong Kingston, or filmmakers in Bollywood or Mexico City produce complex fiction that satisfies audiences worldwide? In Analyzing World Fiction, fifteen renowned luminaries use tools of narratology and insights from cognitive science and neurobiology to provide answers to these questions and more. With essays ranging from James Phelan’s “Voice, Politics, and Judgments in Their Eyes Were Watching God” and Hilary Dannenberg’s “Narrating Multiculturalism in British Media: Voice and Cultural Identity in Television” to Ellen McCracken’s exploration of paratextual strategies in Chicana literature, this expansive collection turns the tide on approaches to postcolonial and multicultural phenomena that tend to compress author and narrator, text and real life. Striving to celebrate the art of fiction, the voices in this anthology explore the “ingredients” that make for powerful, universally intriguing, deeply human story-weaving. Systematically synthesizing the tools of narrative theory along with findings from the brain sciences to analyze multicultural and postcolonial film, literature, and television, the contributors pioneer new techniques for appreciating all facets of the wonder of storytelling.
Analyzing a Long Dream Series: What Can We Learn About How Dreaming Works?
by Michael SchredlAnalyzing a Long Dream Series provides an extraordinary insight into the richness and variability of dreams, considering over 12,000 dreams that have been recorded for more than 30 years.Internationally recognized dream scientist Michael Schredl opens up his own personal dream series, offering a unique window into the interplay between waking life and dreaming. The book considers a huge range of dream topics, including family, friends, schoolmates, colleagues, erotic dreams, alongside the appearance of everyday objects. It also discusses rarer themes such as pain perception, temperature perception, and typical dreams about toilets, exams, and teeth. As the author is both the dreamer and the researcher, questions like why we dream about topics we have never experienced in waking life – for example, about the pain of being shot in the stomach – can be addressed, shedding light on the creative nature of dreams. The in-depth analyses provided in this book attempt to answer the field's most profound questions: why do we dream every night, and why do we dream in such creative ways about the issues that are important to us in waking life? The dreams analyzed question existing dream theories such as simulation theories, and the author proposes a function of recalled dreams for creative problem solving and provides ideas for future research.This fascinating book is an essential read for all dream researchers and students of the psychology of dreams.
Analyzing and Interpreting Qualitative Research: After the Interview
by Johnny Saldaña Charles Vanover Paul MihasThis text provides comprehensive coverage of the key methods for analyzing, interpreting, and writing up qualitative research in a single volume, and drawing on the expertise of major names in the field. Covering all the steps in the process of analyzing, interpreting, and presenting findings in qualitative research, the authors utilize a consistent chapter structure that provides novice and seasoned researchers with pragmatic, "how-to" strategies. Each chapter introduces the method; uses one of the authors′ own research projects as a case study of the method described; shows how the specific analytic method can be used in other types of studies; and concludes with questions and activities to prompt class discussion or personal study.
Analyzing and Interpreting Qualitative Research: After the Interview
by Johnny Saldaña Charles Vanover Paul MihasThis text provides comprehensive coverage of the key methods for analyzing, interpreting, and writing up qualitative research in a single volume, and drawing on the expertise of major names in the field. Covering all the steps in the process of analyzing, interpreting, and presenting findings in qualitative research, the authors utilize a consistent chapter structure that provides novice and seasoned researchers with pragmatic, "how-to" strategies. Each chapter introduces the method; uses one of the authors′ own research projects as a case study of the method described; shows how the specific analytic method can be used in other types of studies; and concludes with questions and activities to prompt class discussion or personal study.
Analyzing and Modeling Rank Data (Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability)
by John I MardenThis book is the first single source volume to fully address this prevalent practice in both its analytical and modeling aspects. The information discussed presents the use of data consisting of rankings in such diverse fields as psychology, animal science, educational testing, sociology, economics, and biology. This book systematically presents th