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Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965
by Yuen Foong KhongFrom World War I to Operation Desert Storm, American policymakers have repeatedly invoked the "lessons of history" as they contemplated taking their nation to war. Do these historical analogies actually shape policy, or are they primarily tools of political justification? Yuen Foong Khong argues that leaders use analogies not merely to justify policies but also to perform specific cognitive and information-processing tasks essential to political decision-making. Khong identifies what these tasks are and shows how they can be used to explain the U. S. decision to intervene in Vietnam. Relying on interviews with senior officials and on recently declassified documents, the author demonstrates with a precision not attained by previous studies that the three most important analogies of the Vietnam era--Korea, Munich, and Dien Bien Phu--can account for America's Vietnam choices. A special contribution is the author's use of cognitive social psychology to support his argument about how humans analogize and to explain why policymakers often use analogies poorly.
Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965
by Yuen Foong KhongFrom World War I to Operation Desert Storm, American policymakers have repeatedly invoked the "lessons of history" as they contemplated taking their nation to war. Do these historical analogies actually shape policy, or are they primarily tools of political justification? Yuen Foong Khong argues that leaders use analogies not merely to justify policies but also to perform specific cognitive and information-processing tasks essential to political decision-making. Khong identifies what these tasks are and shows how they can be used to explain the U.S. decision to intervene in Vietnam. Relying on interviews with senior officials and on recently declassified documents, the author demonstrates with a precision not attained by previous studies that the three most important analogies of the Vietnam era--Korea, Munich, and Dien Bien Phu--can account for America's Vietnam choices. A special contribution is the author's use of cognitive social psychology to support his argument about how humans analogize and to explain why policymakers often use analogies poorly.
Analogies for All of Us: A revelation in relating to your world using analogies and figures of speech
by Mac HaysDiscovering and naming relationships is central to human thinking and communication. Studying analogies gives students tools to become better thinkers and better communicators. This book includes a full semester of basic analogies instruction and practice, as well as opportunities for students to create figures of speech associated with each analogy lesson. This book is an unprecedented integration of thinking skills, writing practice, reading comprehension, poetry appreciation, and story-telling. It is self-teaching, meaning no other resources are needed; it is intended for children and parents to use together. Structured according to the rhythms of the Challenge A seminar, one day of each week contains instruction in analogies followed by four days practicing what was learned together in the Challenge A seminar.
Analogies for Beginners: Grades 1-3
by Lynne ChathamAn analogy is a comparison that points out the similarities between things that are different in all other respects. Teaching students how to solve analogies not only develops their logical thinking, but also builds visual awareness and verbal proficiency.The seven different types of visual analogies and 14 different verbal analogies in Analogies for Beginners are perfect for beginning lessons in logical reasoning, flexible thinking, and vocabulary. Each page gives students an example of the type of analogy that is being introduced and then provides 7 (visual) or 10 (verbal) problems for them to solve. This combination of verbal and visual formats is an ideal way to introduce logical thinking in primary grades. Whether you have time for one analogy a day or a worksheet a week, students will benefit in many ways when analogies are part of your curriculum. The use of visual analogies is beneficial for developing visual analysis even for older students, but especially useful for nonreaders and students with developing English skills. The verbal analogies provide students with exercises that require them to use word comprehension and also to examine various characteristics, uses, and relationships.This is one of a series of analogy books. For younger students, use First Time Analogies. For older students, use Thinking Through Analogies, Analogies for the 21st Century, or Advancing Though Analogies. Grades 1-3
Analogies for the 21st Century: Grades 4-6
by Bonnie L. RisbyThis is it! Here's the perfect venue for intermediate teachers to combine thinking skills and vocabulary development. Step into the 21st century with lessons that not only present students with analogies, but also provide them with instructions on how to best solve these verbal puzzles.An analogy is a comparison between two things. It points out the similarities or likenesses between things that might be different in all other respects. These exercises not only build thinking skills and make students more flexible and analytical; they also enhance vocabulary and writing skills.Intermediate students will get a jump on thinking skills and test taking strategies with these sure-to-please exercises. Whether this book is their first encounter with analogies or whether they are veterans with a great deal of experience, Analogies for the 21st Century gives them the tools they need in a fun-to-use format. It provides thinking strategies to help recognize the unique relationships between paired items and how these relationships can be replicated. Each lesson introduces new types of analogies, gives examples, and offers hints on solving the analogies. Vocabulary reflects today's culture, and helpful hints help students to build skills that will allow them to perform better on tests.This is one of a series of analogy books. For younger students, use First Time Analogies or Analogies for Beginners. For older students, use Thinking Through Analogies or Advancing Though Analogies. Grades 4-6
Analogies in International Investment Law and Arbitration
by Valentina VadiAlthough investment treaty arbitration has become the most common method for settling investor-state disputes, some scholars and practitioners have expressed concern regarding the magnitude of decision-making power allocated to investment treaty tribunals. Many of the recent arbitral awards have determined the boundary between two conflicting values: the legitimate sphere for state regulation in the pursuit of public goods, and the protection of foreign private property from state interference. Can comparative reasoning help adjudicators in interpreting and applying broad and open-ended investment treaty provisions? Can the use of analogies contribute to the current debate over the legitimacy of investor-state arbitration, facilitating the consideration of the commonweal in the same? How should comparisons be made? What are the limits of comparative approaches to investment treaty law and arbitration? This book scrutinises the impact a comparative approach can have on investment law, and identifies a method for drawing sound analogies.
Analogous and Digital
by Otl AicherOtl Aicher (1922-1991) was an outstanding personality in modern design, he was a co-founder of the legendary Hochschule fur Gestaltung (HfG), the Ulm School of Design, Germany. His works since the fifties of the last century in the field of corporate design and his pictograms for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich are major achievements in the visual communication of our times. "An integral component of Aicher's work is that it is anchored in a "philosophy of making" inspired by such thinkers as Ockham, Kant or Wittgenstein, a philosophy concerned with the prerequisites and aims, the objects and claims, of design. Aicher's complete theoretical and practical writings on design (which include all other aspects of visual creativity, such as architecture) are available with this new edition of the classic work. If Aicher prefers the analogous and concrete to the digital and abstract he does it with a philosophical intention. He relativizes the role of pure reason. He criticizes the rationality of Modernism as a result of the dominance of purely abstract thinking. Anyone who prefers the abstract to the concrete does not only misunderstand the mutual dependence of concept and view. In Aicher's judgement he is also creating a false hierarchy, a rank order that is culturally fatal. Things that are digital and abstract are not greater, higher and more important than things that are analogous and concrete." Wilhelm Vossenkuhl
Analogue Gravity Phenomenology: Analogue Spacetimes and Horizons, from Theory to Experiment (Lecture Notes in Physics #870)
by Ugo Moschella Vittorio Gorini Sergio Cacciatori Francesco Belgiorno Stefano Liberati Daniele FaccioAnalogue Gravity Phenomenology is a collection of contributions that cover a vast range of areas in physics, ranging from surface wave propagation in fluids to nonlinear optics. The underlying common aspect of all these topics, and hence the main focus and perspective from which they are explained here, is the attempt to develop analogue models for gravitational systems. The original and main motivation of the field is the verification and study of Hawking radiation from a horizon: the enabling feature is the possibility to generate horizons in the laboratory with a wide range of physical systems that involve a flow of one kind or another. The years around 2010 and onwards witnessed a sudden surge of experimental activity in this expanding field of research. However, building an expertise in analogue gravity requires the researcher to be equipped with a rather broad range of knowledge and interests. The aim of this book is to bring the reader up to date with the latest developments and provide the basic background required in order to appreciate the goals, difficulties, and success stories in the field of analogue gravity. Each chapter of the book treats a different topic explained in detail by the major experts for each specific discipline. The first chapters give an overview of black hole spacetimes and Hawking radiation before moving on to describe the large variety of analogue spacetimes that have been proposed and are currently under investigation. This introductory part is then followed by an in-depth description of what are currently the three most promising analogue spacetime settings, namely surface waves in flowing fluids, acoustic oscillations in Bose-Einstein condensates and electromagnetic waves in nonlinear optics. Both theory and experimental endeavours are explained in detail. The final chapters refer to other aspects of analogue gravity beyond the study of Hawking radiation, such as Lorentz invariance violations and Brownian motion in curved spacetimes, before concluding with a return to the origins of the field and a description of the available observational evidence for horizons in astrophysical black holes.
Analogue Quantum Simulation: A New Instrument for Scientific Understanding
by Dominik Hangleiter Jacques Carolan Karim P. ThébaultThis book presents fresh insights into analogue quantum simulation. It argues that these simulations are a new instrument of science. They require a bespoke philosophical analysis, sensitive to both the similarities to and the differences with conventional scientific practices such as analogical argument, experimentation, and classical simulation.The analysis situates the various forms of analogue quantum simulation on the methodological map of modern science. In doing so, it clarifies the functions that analogue quantum simulation serves in scientific practice. To this end, the authors introduce a number of important terminological distinctions. They establish that analogue quantum ‘computation' and ‘emulation' are distinct scientific practices and lead to distinct forms of scientific understanding. The authors also demonstrate the normative value of the computation vs. emulation distinction at both an epistemic and a pragmatic level.The volume features a range of detailed case studies focusing on: i) cold atom computation of many-body localisation and the Higgs mode; ii) photonic emulation of quantum effects in biological systems; and iii) emulation of Hawing radiation in dispersive optical media. Overall, readers will discover a normative framework to isolate and support the goals of scientists undertaking analogue quantum simulation and emulation. This framework will prove useful to both working scientists and philosophers of science interested in cutting-edge scientific practice.
Analogue-based Drug Discovery III
by Janos Fischer C. Robin Ganellin David P. RotellaMost drugs are analogue drugs. There are no general rules how a new drug can be discovered, nevertheless, there are some observations which help to find a new drug, and also an individual story of a drug discovery can initiate and help new discoveries. Volume III is a continuation of the successful book series with new examples of established and recently introduced drugs. The major part of the book is written by key inventors either as a case study or a study of an analogue class. With its wide range across a variety of therapeutic fields and chemical classes, this is of interest to virtually every researcher in drug discovery and pharmaceutical chemistry, and -- together with the previous volumes -- constitutes the first systematic approach to drug analogue development.
Analyse Stratégique Des Affaires
by Hiriyappa BL'analyse stratégique des entreprises est une lecture essentielle pour les PDG et les cadres supérieurs, les responsables de la stratégie, les entrepreneurs actuels et futurs, les investisseurs - en particulier les responsables du développement des entreprises - et tout homme d'affaires qui a la responsabilité d'analyser les entreprises, l'industrie, la situation concurrentielle par l'application des matrices SWOT, TOWS et BCG pour aborder les questions, les défis et les problèmes liés aux entreprises. Ce livre est spécialement conçu pour les étudiants en commerce, MBA, PGDM et cadres. Gestion informatique, hommes d'affaires, entrepreneurs, directeurs d'exploitation, cadres intermédiaires de l'ensemble du conseil en gestion, cadres d'entreprise et professionnels des affaires tels que directeur des prévisions et de la planification, directeur des prévisions, directeur de la planification stratégique, directeur du marketing, directeur des ventes, directeur de la publicité, directeur financier, agent financier, contrôleur, trésorier, analyste financier, directeur de la production, directeur de la marque/des produits, directeur des nouveaux produits, directeur de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, directeur de la logistique, directeur de la gestion du matériel, agent d'achat, directeur de la programmation et directeur des systèmes d'information.
Analyse der 7. MaRisk-Novelle zum Umgang mit Klima- und Umweltrisiken: Schlussfolgerungen für mittelständische Banken im Licht der EZB-Anforderungen zur vollständigen E(SG)-Umsetzung (Business, Economics, and Law)
by Thomas BöhmDie Europäische Zentralbank stellte in ihrer Mitteilung vom 02. November 2022 klar, dass alle Banken die regulatorischen Anforderungen zum Umgang mit Klima- und Umweltrisiken bis spätestens Ende 2024 vollständig erfüllen müssen. Mit der 7. Novelle hat die Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) ESG-Risiken in ihre Mindestanforderungen an das Risikomanagement (MaRisk) der Banken übernommen. In diesem Werk werden die aufsichtlichen ESG-Erwartungshaltungen von EZB, EBA und BaFin dargelegt und miteinander verglichen. Die Arbeit zeigt Ansätze auf, wie mittelständische Institute angemessen mit Klima- und Umweltrisiken in der Banksteuerung umgehen können. Dabei wird deutlich, dass in einer konsequenten institutsspezifischen Umsetzung, neben der Reduzierung möglicher Risiken, auch viele Chancen in Form neuer Geschäftsfelder, gesteigerter Ertragschancen und Imagegewinn liegen.
Analyse empirischer und experimenteller Daten: Ein kompakter Überblick für Studierende und Anwender (essentials)
by Siegmund BrandtDiese kompakte Einführung enthält die wichtigsten Grundlagen der mathematischen Statistik, die Beschreibung von Messungen und deren Fehler als Ergebnisse von Stichproben und die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate, angewandt auf verschieden schwierige konkrete Beispiele. Zusätzlich werden kurze Hinweise auf weitere Verfahren der Datenanalyse gegeben.
Analyse linearer und nichtlinearer elektrischer Schaltungen: Ein Kompendium
by Andreas GräßerEin Kompendium, das die in der Elektrotechnik, Mechatronik usw. #65533;blichen Schaltungs-Analyseverfahren sehr #65533;bersichtlich nebeneinanderstellt und erl#65533;utert. Dabei werden ,,Verwandtschaften" und Einsatzgebiete der verschiedenen Verfahren deutlich herausgestellt und abgegrenzt. Dar#65533;ber hinaus werden auch numerische Verfahren ber#65533;cksichtigt und es wird dargestellt, wie Schaltungssimulatoren funktionieren. An Hand einer kostenlos aus dem Internet zu beziehenden Demoversion des Schaltungssimulators PSpice wird dem Leser auch praktisches "Simulations-Know-How" vermittelt. Das Buch ist besonders f#65533;r Studierende in Bachelorstudieng#65533;ngen geeignet.
Analyse linearer und nichtlinearer elektrischer Schaltungen: Ein Kompendium
by Andreas GräßerEin Kompendium, das die in der Elektrotechnik, Mechatronik usw. üblichen Schaltungs-Analyseverfahren sehr übersichtlich nebeneinanderstellt und erläutert. Dabei werden "Verwandtschaften" und Einsatzgebiete der verschiedenen Verfahren deutlich herausgestellt und abgegrenzt. Darüber hinaus werden auch numerische Verfahren berücksichtigt und es wird dargestellt, wie Schaltungssimulatoren funktionieren. An Hand einer kostenlos aus dem Internet zu beziehenden Demoversion des Schaltungssimulators PSpice wird dem Leser auch praktisches "Simulations-Know-How" vermittelt. Das Buch ist besonders für Studierende in Bachelorstudiengängen geeignet.
Analyse linearer und nichtlinearer elektrischer Schaltungen: Ein Kompendium
by Andreas GräßerEin Kompendium, das die in der Elektrotechnik, Mechatronik usw. üblichen Schaltungs-Analyseverfahren sehr übersichtlich nebeneinander stellt und erläutert. Dabei werden „Verwandtschaften“ und Einsatzgebiete der verschiedenen Verfahren deutlich herausgestellt und abgegrenzt. Darüber hinaus werden auch numerische Verfahren berücksichtigt und es wird dargestellt, wie Schaltungssimulatoren funktionieren. An Hand einer kostenlos aus dem Internet zu beziehenden Demoversion des Schaltungssimulators PSpice wird dem Leser auch praktisches "Simulations-Know-How" vermittelt. Das Buch ist besonders für Studierende in Bachelorstudiengängen geeignet.
Analyse linearer und nichtlinearer elektrischer Schaltungen: Ein Kompendium
by Andreas GräßerEin Kompendium, das die in der Elektrotechnik, Mechatronik usw. üblichen Schaltungs-Analyseverfahren sehr übersichtlich nebeneinander stellt und erläutert. Dabei werden „Verwandtschaften“ und Einsatzgebiete der verschiedenen Verfahren deutlich herausgestellt und abgegrenzt. Darüber hinaus werden auch numerische Verfahren berücksichtigt und es wird dargestellt, wie Schaltungssimulatoren funktionieren. An Hand einer kostenlos aus dem Internet zu beziehenden Demoversion des Schaltungssimulators LTspice wird dem Leser auch praktisches "Simulations-Know-How" vermittelt. Das Buch ist besonders für Studierende in Bachelorstudiengängen geeignet.
Analyse qualitativer Daten mit MAXQDA: Text, Audio und Video
by Udo Kuckartz Stefan RädikerDieses Buch vermittelt auf verständliche Weise das Wissen, um qualitative und Mixed-Methods-Daten mit MAXQDA auszuwerten. Die Autoren verfügen über jahrzehntelange Forschungserfahrung und decken in diesem Buch ein breites Methodenspektrum ab. Sie beschränken sich nicht auf einzelne Forschungsansätze, sondern vermitteln das Know-how, um verschiedene Methoden – von der Grounded Theory über Diskursanalysen bis zur Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse – mit MAXQDA umsetzen zu können. Darüber hinaus werden spezielle Themen fokussiert, wie Transkription, Kategorienbildung, Visualisierungen, Videoanalyse, Concept-Maps, Gruppenvergleiche und die Erstellung von Literaturreviews.
Analyse segmentierter elektrischer Maschinen in einem Kfz-Antriebsstrang (AutoUni – Schriftenreihe #160)
by Sebastian Hermann SchulteZur Integration elektrischer Antriebe in einem Kfz-Antriebsstrang mit spezifischem Bauraum werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit segmentierte elektrische Maschinen untersucht. Segmentierte elektrische Maschinen zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass der Rotor nicht vollständig vom Stator überdeckt ist und so nicht zylindrische Bauräume besser ausgenutzt werden können. Nach einer analytischen Analyse werden getroffene Annahmen mittels FEM-Berechnungen überprüft, erkannte Effekte an den Segmentgrenzen genauer betrachtet und die berechneten Ergebnisse abschließend messtechnisch validiert.
Analyse und Optimierung von Energieverbundsystemen
by Wolfgang SchellongDas interdisziplin#65533;r aufgebaute Buch bietet kommunalen Energieversorgern Hilfestellung, damit sie ihre Energieverbundsysteme analysieren und optimal steuern lernen. Es gibt einen #65533;berblick #65533;ber den Aufbau und die Komponenten von kommunalen Energieverbundsystemen. Die mathematischen und informationstechnischen Methoden zur Energiesystemanalyse werden umfassend beschrieben und an Praxisbeispielen erl#65533;utert. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Effizienz eines Kraftwerksverbunds mithilfe eines Energiecontrollingsystems analysiert und verbessert werden kann. Die daf#65533;r notwendigen Schritte zum Aufbau eines Energieinformationssystems werden detailliert dargestellt. Auch die mathematischen Methoden zur Analyse und Prognose des Energiebedarfs werden vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Methoden zur Prognose der Stromlast und des W#65533;rmebedarfs von Fernw#65533;rmesystemen genutzt werden. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen der Energieanalyse werden Optimierungsaufgaben f#65533;r Verbundsysteme abgeleitet und L#65533;sungsans#65533;tze f#65533;r die mathematische Optimierung dargestellt. Das Buch wird abgerundet durch eine zusammenfassende Beschreibung der Anforderungen f#65533;r die Softwareentwicklung eines Energiemanagementsystems.
Analyse von Robo-Advice unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Anlageverhaltens deutscher Privatkunden (Business, Economics, and Law)
by Philippe KrahnhofSpätestens seit dem Jahr 2020 nimmt die mediale Berichterstattung von Robo-Advisors in Deutschland zu. Diese digitale Anlageverwaltung kann dazu beitragen, neue Ertragsquellen zu erschließen und die Kundenbedürfnisse nach innovativen Finanzprodukten zu befriedigen. Philippe Krahnhof eruiert in diesem Buch die Einflussparameter auf die Kundenbereitschaft, diese Dienstleistung zu nutzen, sowie Vor- und Nachteile sowohl aus Banken- als auch aus Verbrauchersicht. Ferner werden empirische Erkenntnisse zur Implementierung von Robo-Advice in das Geschäftsmodell gesammelt. Robo-Advice kann insbesondere zur Reduzierung emotionaler Finanzentscheidungen aus Privatkundensicht beitragen. Obwohl eine derartige Dienstleistung für sämtliche Privatkunden relevant ist, bedarf es auf Basis der empirischen Ergebnisse gesammelter Finanzerfahrungen, um diese zu nutzen.
Analyse von Transferprozessen in der Entwicklung des Bruchzahlbegriffs: Theoretische Rahmung und empirische Untersuchung (Bielefelder Schriften zur Didaktik der Mathematik #6)
by Sebastian KollhoffSebastian Kollhoff rekonstruiert und analysiert in diesem Open-Access-Buch in einer Feldstudie mit Fünftklässlerinnen und Fünftklässlern Transferprozesse in der Entwicklung von Grundvorstellungen zu Brüchen. Anhand von umfassenden Detailanalysen der Bearbeitungen von Lernenden im alltäglichen Unterricht charakterisiert der Autor den Verlauf von Prozessen des Transfers, die das Potenzial haben fachlich optimiertes Lernen zu initiieren, aber auch die Gefahr bergen dieses zu behindern. Dabei arbeitet er heraus, dass sich bereits bei ersten elementaren Transferschritten erhebliche individuelle Unterschiede in der Ausprägung des Transfers ergeben.
Analyse, Ideate and Grow: The Role of Creativity and Entrepreneurship (Classroom Companion: Business)
by Vanessa RattenThis book explores that in order to survive in the current dynamic and changing business environment, individuals need to analyse and ideate. This book provides analysis on this process involving investigating how and why changes take place and what they mean for society. This book takes into account altering environmental conditions that influence business strategy. Further, to do a proper analysis takes time and skill thus it is important to know what resources and expertise is required. This book shows that the ideation process involves more creativity in terms of thinking outside the box. This involves new thought processes about emerging technological change that will influence business directions. This book states that ideation is a process that requires some degree of flexibility as market circumstances mean constant innovation is required.
Analyses for Retaining walls, Slope Stability and Landslides: Select Proceedings of 8th ICRAGEE 2024 (Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering #568)
by Abhishek Kumar Rajib Sarkar B. K. MaheshwariThis book will present the select proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (8ICRAGEE) held at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati between December 11 and 14, 2024. It contains the latest research papers covering the contributions and accomplishments in geotechnical earthquake engineering and soil dynamics in the last four years. The five volumes of the book cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to seismic hazard analysis, wave propagation and site characterization, dynamic properties and liquefaction of soils, pile foundations, offshore foundations, seismic design of retaining structures and dams, seismic slope stability and landslides, dynamic soil-structure interaction, seismic design of structures. Further, recent developments on these topics are covered in different chapters. This book will be valuable not only for researchers and professionals but also for drawing an agenda for future courses of action from the perspective of geotechnical earthquake engineering, keeping the national need at the forefront.
Analyses of Turbulence in the Neutrally and Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary Layer (Springer Theses)
by Cedrick AnsorgeThis thesis presents a study of strong stratification and turbulence collapse in the planetary boundary layer, opening a new avenue in this field. It is the first work to study all regimes of stratified turbulence in a unified simulation framework without a break in the paradigms for representation of turbulence. To date, advances in our understanding and the parameterization of turbulence in the stable boundary layer have been hampered by difficulties simulating the strongly stratified regime, and the analysis has primarily been based on field measurements. The content presented here changes that paradigm by demonstrating the ability of direct numerical simulation to address this problem, and by doing so to remove the uncertainty of turbulence models from the analysis. Employing a stably stratified Ekman layer as a simplified physical model of the stable boundary layer, the three stratification regimes observed in nature-- weakly, intermediately and strongly stratified--are reproduced, and the data is subsequently used to answer key, long-standing questions. The main part of the book is organized in three sections, namely a comprehensive introduction, numerics, and physics. The thesis ends with a clear and concise conclusion that distills specific implications for the study of the stable boundary layer. This structure emphasizes the physical results, but at the same time gives relevance to the technical aspects of numerical schemes and post-processing tools. The selection of the relevant literature during the introduction, and its use along the work appropriately combines literature from two research communities: fluid dynamics, and boundary-layer meteorology.