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Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation
by Monica PratesiA comprehensive guide to implementing SAE methods for poverty studies and poverty mapping There is an increasingly urgent demand for poverty and living conditions data, in relation to local areas and/or subpopulations. Policy makers and stakeholders need indicators and maps of poverty and living conditions in order to formulate and implement policies, (re)distribute resources, and measure the effect of local policy actions. Small Area Estimation (SAE) plays a crucial role in producing statistically sound estimates for poverty mapping. This book offers a comprehensive source of information regarding the use of SAE methods adapted to these distinctive features of poverty data derived from surveys and administrative archives. The book covers the definition of poverty indicators, data collection and integration methods, the impact of sampling design, weighting and variance estimation, the issue of SAE modelling and robustness, the spatio-temporal modelling of poverty, and the SAE of the distribution function of income and inequalities. Examples of data analyses and applications are provided, and the book is supported by a website describing scripts written in SAS or R software, which accompany the majority of the presented methods. Key features: Presents a comprehensive review of SAE methods for poverty mapping Demonstrates the applications of SAE methods using real-life case studies Offers guidance on the use of routines and choice of websites from which to download them Analysis of Poverty Data by Small Area Estimation offers an introduction to advanced techniques from both a practical and a methodological perspective, and will prove an invaluable resource for researchers actively engaged in organizing, managing and conducting studies on poverty.
Analysis of Power System Sub/Super-Synchronous Oscillations Caused by Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation (Power Electronics and Power Systems)
by Haifeng Wang Wenjuan DuThis book provides a systematic introduction to power system sub/super-synchronous oscillations caused by grid-connected wind power generation. The authors look at why oscillations occur and present methods for examining the risk of oscillations. Coverage includes state-space model based analysis and impedance model based analysis, which are the two main methods for examining the power system sub/super-synchronous oscillations. In addition, new methods for examining oscillations in wind farms are proposed. Analysis of Power System Sub/Super-Synchronous Oscillations Caused by Grid-connected Wind Power Generation provides researchers and students with a single-volume introduction to the subject and will be a valuable professional reference for practicing engineers looking for solutions to oscillation problems.
Analysis of Pretest-Posttest Designs
by Peter L. BonateHow do you analyze pretest-posttest data? Difference scores? Percent change scores? ANOVA? In medical, psychological, sociological, and educational studies, researchers often design experiments in which they collect baseline (pretest) data prior to randomization. However, they often find it difficult to decide which method of statistical analysis i
Analysis of Protein Post-Translational Modifications by Mass Spectrometry
by John R. Griffiths Richard D. UnwinCovers all major modifications, including phosphorylation, glycosylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sulfonation and and glycation Discussion of the chemistry behind each modification, along with key methods and references Contributions from some of the leading researchers in the field A valuable reference source for all laboratories undertaking proteomics, mass spectrometry and post-translational modification research
Analysis of Pseudo-Differential Operators (Trends in Mathematics)
by M. W. Wong Shahla MolahajlooThis volume, like its predecessors, is based on the special session on pseudo-differential operators, one of the many special sessions at the 11th ISAAC Congress, held at Linnaeus University in Sweden on August 14-18, 2017. It includes research papers presented at the session and invited papers by experts in fields that involve pseudo-differential operators.The first four chapters focus on the functional analysis of pseudo-differential operators on a spectrum of settings from Z to Rn to compact groups. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss operators on Lie groups and manifolds with edge, while the following two chapters cover topics related to probabilities. The final chapters then address topics in differential equations.
Analysis of Psychiatric Drugs (Neuromethods #10)
by Alan A. Boulton Glen B. Baker Ronald T. CouttsPlaces special emphasis on three major drug classes: antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Chapters offer detailed information on the methods and techniques for analyzing these drugs. Annotation(c) 2003 Book News, Inc. , Portland, OR (booknews. com)
Analysis of Quantal Response Data
by Byron J.T. MorganThis book takes the standard methods as the starting point, and then describes a wide range of relatively new approaches and procedures designed to deal with more complicated data and experiments - including much recent research in the area. Throughout mention is given to the computing requirements - facilities available in large computing packages like BMDP, SAS and SPSS are also described.
Analysis of Quantised Vortex Tangle (Springer Theses)
by Alexander John TaylorIn this thesis, the author develops numerical techniques for tracking and characterising the convoluted nodal lines in three-dimensional space, analysing their geometry on the small scale, as well as their global fractality and topological complexity---including knotting---on the large scale. The work is highly visual, and illustrated with many beautiful diagrams revealing this unanticipated aspect of the physics of waves. Linear superpositions of waves create interference patterns, which means in some places they strengthen one another, while in others they completely cancel each other out. This latter phenomenon occurs on 'vortex lines' in three dimensions. In general wave superpositions modelling e. g. chaotic cavity modes, these vortex lines form dense tangles that have never been visualised on the large scale before, and cannot be analysed mathematically by any known techniques.
Analysis of Questionnaire Data with R
by Bruno FalissardWhile theoretical statistics relies primarily on mathematics and hypothetical situations, statistical practice is a translation of a question formulated by a researcher into a series of variables linked by a statistical tool. As with written material, there are almost always differences between the meaning of the original text and translated text.
Analysis of Recent Growth in Low-Income CIS Countries
by Elena Loukoianova Anna UnigovskayaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Analysis of Repeated Measures Data
by M. Ataharul Islam Rafiqul I. ChowdhuryThis book presents a broad range of statistical techniques to address emerging needs in the field of repeated measures. It also provides a comprehensive overview of extensions of generalized linear models for the bivariate exponential family of distributions, which represent a new development in analysing repeated measures data. The demand for statistical models for correlated outcomes has grown rapidly recently, mainly due to presence of two types of underlying associations: associations between outcomes, and associations between explanatory variables and outcomes. The book systematically addresses key problems arising in the modelling of repeated measures data, bearing in mind those factors that play a major role in estimating the underlying relationships between covariates and outcome variables for correlated outcome data. In addition, it presents new approaches to addressing current challenges in the field of repeated measures and models based on conditional and joint probabilities. Markov models of first and higher orders are used for conditional models in addition to conditional probabilities as a function of covariates. Similarly, joint models are developed using both marginal-conditional probabilities as well as joint probabilities as a function of covariates. In addition to generalized linear models for bivariate outcomes, it highlights extended semi-parametric models for continuous failure time data and their applications in order to include models for a broader range of outcome variables that researchers encounter in various fields. The book further discusses the problem of analysing repeated measures data for failure time in the competing risk framework, which is now taking on an increasingly important role in the field of survival analysis, reliability and actuarial science. Details on how to perform the analyses are included in each chapter and supplemented with newly developed R packages and functions along with SAS codes and macro/IML. It is a valuable resource for researchers, graduate students and other users of statistical techniques for analysing repeated measures data.
Analysis of Repeated Measures: A Practical Approach For Behavioural Scientists (Chapman And Hall/crc Monographs On Statistics And Applied Probability Ser. #41)
by David J. Hand Martin J. CrowderRepeated measures data arise when the same characteristic is measured on each case or subject at several times or under several conditions. There is a multitude of techniques available for analysing such data and in the past this has led to some confusion. This book describes the whole spectrum of approaches, beginning with very simple and crude methods, working through intermediate techniques commonly used by consultant statisticians, and concluding with more recent and advanced methods. Those covered include multiple testing, response feature analysis, univariate analysis of variance approaches, multivariate analysis of variance approaches, regression models, two-stage line models, approaches to categorical data and techniques for analysing crossover designs. The theory is illustrated with examples, using real data brought to the authors during their work as statistical consultants.
Analysis of Resource Management in Complex Work Systems: Using the Example of Sterile Goods Management in Hospitals
by Qinglian LinThis book develops and assesses a decision-making model for resource management in complex work systems in line with the Systems Engineering method. It applies the Balanced Scorecard to the development of the criteria system for decision-making, and employs fuzzy linguistics theory to evaluate the alternatives. Further, the book assesses the application of this model in a hospital that has to decide whether or not to outsource its sterile goods. The use of the model opens up a diverse range of fields for decision-making in the area of complex work systems. "
Analysis of Safety Data of Drug Trials: An Update
by Aeilko H. Zwinderman Ton J. CleophasIn 2010, the 5th edition of the textbook, "Statistics Applied to Clinical Studies", was published by Springer and since then has been widely distributed. The primary object of clinical trials of new drugs is to demonstrate efficacy rather than safety. However, a trial in humans which does not adequately address safety is unethical, while the assessment of safety variables is an important element of the trial.An effective approach is to present summaries of the prevalence of adverse effects and their 95% confidence intervals. In order to estimate the probability that the differences between treatment and control group occurred merely by chance, a statistical test can be performed. In the past few years, this pretty crude method has been supplemented and sometimes, replaced with more sophisticated and better sensitive methodologies, based on machine learning clusters and networks, and multivariate analyses. As a result, it is time that an updated version of safety data analysis was published. The issue of dependency also needs to be addressed. Adverse effects may be either dependent or independent of the main outcome. For example, an adverse effect of alpha blockers is dizziness and this occurs independently of the main outcome "alleviation of Raynaud 's phenomenon". In contrast, the adverse effect "increased calorie intake" occurs with "increased exercise", and this adverse effect is very dependent on the main outcome "weight loss". Random heterogeneities, outliers, confounders, interaction factors are common in clinical trials, and all of them can be considered as kinds of adverse effects of the dependent type. Random regressions and analyses of variance, high dimensional clusterings, partial correlations, structural equations models, Bayesian methods are helpful for their analysis. The current edition was written for non-mathematicians, particularly medical and health professionals and students. It provides examples of modern analytic methods so far largely unused in safety analysis. All of the 14 chapters have two core characteristics, First, they are intended for current usage, and they are particularly concerned with that usage. Second, they try and tell what readers need to know in order to understand and apply the methods. For that purpose, step by step analyses of both hypothesized and real data examples are provided.
Analysis of Samples of Clinical and Alimentary Interest with Paper-based Devices (Springer Theses)
by Emilia Witkowska NeryThis book presents two main sets of paper-basedanalytical systems. The first set is a platform for the analysis of glucose,cholesterol and uric acid in biological samples, and the second set is a cutting-edgeelectronic tongue system for the analysis of beverages (mineral water, beer,wine). This thesis also provides an extensive review of 33 methods ofenzyme immobilization on paper which have been evaluated to enhance the storagestability of the proposed system for biomarker detection. From a practical perspective, this thesis coversa diverse set of topics related to paper-based sensing, including colorimetricand electrochemical detection methods, different sets of architecture(spot-tests, lateral and tangential flow assays), methods of fabrication (waxprinting, cutting, impregnation with polymers), measurements instationary and flow conditions as well computer modeling of proposed systemsand sophisticated data analysis using chemometric techniques. This book isuseful for PhD students working in this or a related field who require detailedinformation about methodology and background to this research.
Analysis of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Emerging Economies
by Clara Inés Pardo Martínez Alexander Cotte Poveda Sylvia Patricia Fletscher MorenoThis book outlines a number of different perspectives on the relationship between science, technology, and innovation in emerging economies. In it, the authors explore the aforementioned relationship as a pillar of economic development, driving growth in emerging economies. Employing a collaborative and interdisciplinary approach, the authors work to determine the main related factors and outcomes of the relationship between science, technology, and innovation, ultimately seeking to guide public policies to enhance the welfare of the population of an emerging economy.
Analysis of Socio-Economic Conditions: Insights from a Fuzzy Multi-dimensional Approach (Routledge Advances in Social Economics)
by Gianni Betti and Achille LemmiShowcasing fuzzy set theory, this book highlights the enormous potential of fuzzy logic in helping to analyse the complexity of a wide range of socio-economic patterns and behaviour. The contributions to this volume explore the most up-to-date fuzzy-set methods for the measurement of socio-economic phenomena in a multidimensional and/or dynamic perspective. Thus far, fuzzy-set theory has primarily been utilised in the social sciences in the field of poverty measurement. These chapters examine the latest work in this area, while also exploring further applications including social exclusion, the labour market, educational mismatch, sustainability, quality of life and violence against women. The authors demonstrate that real-world situations are often characterised by imprecision, uncertainty and vagueness, which cannot be properly described by the classical set theory which uses a simple true–false binary logic. By contrast, fuzzy-set theory has been shown to be a powerful tool for describing the multidimensionality and complexity of social phenomena. This book will be of significant interest to economists, statisticians and sociologists utilising quantitative methods to explore socio-economic phenomena.
Analysis of Structures
by Antony M. Waas Joe G. EisleyAnalysis of Structures offers an original way of introducing engineering students to the subject of stress and deformation analysis of solid objects, and helps them become more familiar with how numerical methods such as the finite element method are used in industry.Eisley and Waas secure for the reader a thorough understanding of the basic numerical skills and insight into interpreting the results these methods can generate.Throughout the text, they include analytical development alongside the computational equivalent, providing the student with the understanding that is necessary to interpret and use the solutions that are obtained using software based on the finite element method. They then extend these methods to the analysis of solid and structural components that are used in modern aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering applications.Analysis of Structures is accompanied by a book companion website www.wiley.com/go/waas housing exercises and examples that use modern software which generates color contour plots of deformation and internal stress.It offers invaluable guidance and understanding to senior level and graduate students studying courses in stress and deformation analysis as part of aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering degrees as well as to practicing engineers who want to re-train or re-engineer their set of analysis tools for contemporary stress and deformation analysis of solids and structures. Provides a fresh, practical perspective to the teaching of structural analysis using numerical methods for obtaining answers to real engineering applicationsProposes a new way of introducing students to the subject of stress and deformation analysis of solid objects that are used in a wide variety of contemporary engineering applicationsCasts axial, torsional and bending deformations of thin walled objects in a framework that is closely amenable to the methods by which modern stress analysis software operates.
Analysis of Structures on Elastic Foundation: Incorporating the Spectral Method of Boundary Elements
by Levon G. PetrosianThis book is devoted to the static and dynamic analysis of structures on elastic foundation. Through comprehensive analysis, the book shows analytical and mechanical relationships among classic and modern methods of solving boundary value problems. The book provides a wide spectrum of applications of modern techniques and methods of calculation of static and dynamic problems of engineering design. It pursues both methodological and practical purposes, and the accounting of all methods is accompanied by solutions of the specific problems, which are not merely illustrative in nature but may represent an independent interest in the study of various technical issues. Two special features of the book are the extensive use of the generalized functions for describing the impacts on structures and the substantiations of the methods of the apparatus of the generalized functions. The book illustrates modern methods for solving boundary-value problems of structural mechanics and soil mechanics based on the application of boundary equations. The book presents the philosophy of boundary equations and boundary element methods. A number of examples of solving different problems of static and dynamic calculation of structures on an elastic foundation are given according to the methods presented in the book. Introduces a general approach to the method of integral transforms based on the spectral theory of the linear differential operators. The Spectral Method of Boundary Element (SMBE) is developed based on using integral transforms with an orthogonal kernel in the extended domain. Presents a new, versatile foundation model with a number of advantages over the ground-based models currently used in practical calculations. Provides new transforms which will aid in solving various problems relevant to bars, beams, plates, and shells in particular for the structures on elastic foundation. Examines the methods of solving boundary-value problems typical for structural mechanics and related fields.
Analysis of Survival Data
by D.R. CoxThis monograph contains many ideas on the analysis of survival data to present a comprehensive account of the field. The value of survival analysis is not confined to medical statistics, where the benefit of the analysis of data on such factors as life expectancy and duration of periods of freedom from symptoms of a disease as related to a treatment applied individual histories and so on, is obvious. The techniques also find important applications in industrial life testing and a range of subjects from physics to econometrics. In the eleven chapters of the book the methods and applications of are discussed and illustrated by examples.
Analysis of Survival Data with Dependent Censoring: Copula-Based Approaches (SpringerBriefs in Statistics)
by Takeshi Emura Yi-Hau ChenThis book introduces readers to copula-based statistical methods for analyzing survival data involving dependent censoring. Primarily focusing on likelihood-based methods performed under copula models, it is the first book solely devoted to the problem of dependent censoring. <P><P> The book demonstrates the advantages of the copula-based methods in the context of medical research, especially with regard to cancer patients’ survival data. Needless to say, the statistical methods presented here can also be applied to many other branches of science, especially in reliability, where survival analysis plays an important role. <P> The book can be used as a textbook for graduate coursework or a short course aimed at (bio-) statisticians. To deepen readers’ understanding of copula-based approaches, the book provides an accessible introduction to basic survival analysis and explains the mathematical foundations of copula-based survival models.
Analysis of Synchronous Machines
by T.A. LipoAnalysis of Synchronous Machines, Second Edition is a thoroughly modern treatment of an old subject. Courses generally teach about synchronous machines by introducing the steady-state per phase equivalent circuit without a clear, thorough presentation of the source of this circuit representation, which is a crucial aspect. Taking a different approach, this book provides a deeper understanding of complex electromechanical drives. Focusing on the terminal rather than on the internal characteristics of machines, the book begins with the general concept of winding functions, describing the placement of any practical winding in the slots of the machine. This representation enables readers to clearly understand the calculation of all relevant self- and mutual inductances of the machine. It also helps them to more easily conceptualize the machine in a rotating system of coordinates, at which point they can clearly understand the origin of this important representation of the machine. Provides numerical examples Addresses Park’s equations starting from winding functions Describes operation of a synchronous machine as an LCI motor drive Presents synchronous machine transient simulation, as well as voltage regulation Applying his experience from more than 30 years of teaching the subject at the University of Wisconsin, author T.A. Lipo presents the solution of the circuit both in classical form using phasor representation and also by introducing an approach that applies MathCAD®, which greatly simplifies and expands the average student’s problem-solving capability. The remainder of the text describes how to deal with various types of transients—such as constant speed transients—as well as unbalanced operation and faults and small signal modeling for transient stability and dynamic stability. Finally, the author addresses large signal modeling using MATLAB®/Simulink®, for complete solution of the non-linear equations of the salient pole synchronous machine. A valuable tool for learning, this updated edition offers thoroughly revised content, adding new detail and better-quality figures.
Analysis of TCP Performance in Data Center Networks (SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering)
by Santosh Kulkarni Prathima AgrawalThis book addresses the need to improve TCP's performance inside data centers by providing solutions that are both practical and backward compatible with standard TCP versions. The authors approach this challenge first by deriving an analytical model for TCP's performance under typical data center workload traffic. They then discuss some solutions that are designed to improve TCP performance by either proactively detecting network congestion through probabilistic retransmission or by avoiding timeout penalty through dynamic resizing of TCP segments. Experimental results show that each of techniques discussed outperforms standard TCP inside a data center.
Analysis of Thin-Walled Beams (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications #257)
by Yoon Young Kim Gang-Won Jang Soomin ChoiThis book presents a comprehensive introduction to an advanced beam theory applicable to thin-walled beams of rectangular and arbitrarily-shaped cross-sections. Furthermore, it describes a unique beam-based approach to handling joint structures consisting of thin-walled beams, compiled here for the first time.This higher-order beam theory (HoBT), developed by the authors over the past two decades, uses more than six degrees of freedom (DOFs) in contrast to the classical theories, which use only six DOFs. The additional degrees of freedom describe sectional deformations such as warping and distortion. This book presents a novel systematic procedure to derive the sectional deformations analytically for rectangular cross-sections and numerically for arbitrarily-shaped cross-sections. This book is a must for structural/mechanical engineers who wish to understand and design structures involving thin-walled beams.
Analysis of Threat Perceptions: NATO and Türkiye’s Cyber Terrorism Policies (Security, Audit and Leadership Series)
by Mehmet Emin ErendorIn 2007, Estonia faced a series of cyberattacks on its cyber infrastructure, which caused widespread damage to the country’s economy, politics, and security. However, despite this series of cyberattacks, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) did not apply Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty due to lack of consensus on applying Article 5 in the Estonian case. Although various approaches have been developed by scholars, there is no common application of international law in the United Nations Charter regarding cyber threats or attacks. Moreover, while there has been no common definition of "cyber terrorism" by the international community, some scholars regard "cyberattacks" as acts of war. There is a paucity of literature dealing with the application of international law on cyber threats. A new Strategic Concept was adopted in 2010. Its most important development was to identify the significance of cyber threats to all NATO member bodies.When updating its own technology, the organization needs to be ready to defend itself against all kinds of asymmetrical warfare, whether from within or beyond its operational range. However, the terms of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty were imprecise as to whether cyberattacks can be regarded as a form of threat; for this reason, NATO accepted the case‑by‑case concept on cyber threats/attacks in terms of the application of Article 5 by the Wales Summit in 2014. Despite the fact that the Charter of the United Nations has not been revised, if its articles are broadly evaluated, cyberattacks would be accepted as a threat or use of force against the territorial integrity of a state.The main purpose of this book is to analyze and evaluate what has been carried out regarding NATO’s operational arrangements and its cyber defense approach and, secondly, to explain this through the lens of Game Theory. Furthermore, it will demonstrate why the web is paramount to NATO’s system‑driven operations, and why it requires a cyber defense arrangement. In particular, the research presented here will analyze Türkiye in this regard. The cyberattack on Estonia in 2007 will be used by way of a case study to explain the development of threat perceptions, risks, international law, cybersecurity policies and application of Game Theory.