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Streaming
by Allison Adelle Hedge CokeFrom "Carcass": Split skin stretched over marrowless cage,encased dry tomb, like those strewn through this loess reach, cradling past ever present here, and now you come walking riverside, bringing sensory thrill into daylight much like this cervidae culled morning each waking before demise. We move this way, catching life until death captures us, where we rot into the same dust holding multitudes before us, and welcoming those beyond. Allison Adelle Hedge Coke is a poet, writer, performer, editor, and activist.
Streams of Revenue: The Restoration Economy and the Ecosystems It Creates
by Rebecca Lave Martin DoyleAn analysis of stream mitigation banking and the challenges of implementing market-based approaches to environmental conservation.Market-based approaches to environmental conservation have been increasingly prevalent since the early 1990s. The goal of these markets is to reduce environmental harm not by preventing it, but by pricing it. A housing development on land threaded with streams, for example, can divert them into underground pipes if the developer pays to restore streams elsewhere. But does this increasingly common approach actually improve environmental well-being? In Streams of Revenue, Rebecca Lave and Martin Doyle answer this question by analyzing the history, implementation, and environmental outcomes of one of these markets: stream mitigation banking.
Street Cats & Where to Find Them: The Most Feline-Friendly Cities and Attractions Around the World
by Jeff BogleAn entertaining and practical travel guide for cat lovers in search of street cats, cat cafés, cat museums, and other cat-themed attractions and oddities around the world, plus valuable street cat safety and rescue information. Since cats domesticated themselves some 10,000 years ago, they have been a big part of our lives. From catching household pests to wearing silly hats in our family photos, cats have captured our hearts, homes, and even our streets. From the ancient alleyways where they roam to the charming cafés where they&’re pampered, cats are everywhere. In Street Cats and Where to Find Them, you&’ll meet Icelandic cats in Reykjavik out for a mid-day jaunt, Greek cats playing in ancient Athens, and Puerto Rican cats of Old San Juan who rely on a community of caretakers. Through personal stories, stunning photography, and practical travel, rescue, and safety information for cat seekers, readers are introduced to a host of street cats, as well as the best cat cafés, kitty-themed museums, attractions, and oddities in popular cities around the globe. This heartwarming tome takes you to 20 travel destinations to see and spend time with your favorite felines and is for anyone with an intense longing to see the world, walk its winding streets, and be moved by the people, places, cats, and unique culture of each place, all while safely enjoying street cats and discovering actionable ways to help them. You'll be equally moved by the dozens of full-color photos of cats enjoying themselves on sunny streets and hanging out in cozy café windows.
Street Fights in Copenhagen: Bicycle and Car Politics in a Green Mobility City (Advances in Urban Sustainability)
by Jason Henderson Natalie Marie GulsrudWith 29 percent of all trips made by bicycle, Copenhagen is considered a model of green transport. This book considers the underlying political conditions that enabled cycling to appeal to such a wide range of citizens in Copenhagen and asks how this can be replicated elsewhere. Despite Copenhagen’s global reputation, its success has been a result of a long political struggle and is far from completely secure. Car use in Denmark is increasing, including in Copenhagen's suburbs, and new developments in Copenhagen include more parking for cars. There is a political tension in Copenhagen over the spaces for cycling, the car, and public transit. In considering examples of backlashes and conflicts over street space in Copenhagen, this book argues that the kinds of debates happening in Copenhagen are very similar to the debates regularly occurring in cities throughout the world. This makes Copenhagen more, not less, comparable to many cities around the world, including cities in the United States. This book will appeal to upper-level undergraduates and graduates in urban geography, city planning, transportation, environmental studies, as well as transportation advocates, urban policy-makers, and anyone concerned about climate change and looking to identify paths forward in their own cities and localities.
Street Food: Culture, economy, health and governance (Routledge Studies in Food, Society and the Environment)
by Ryzia de Cassia Vieira Cardoso Stefano Roberto Marras MichPrepared foods, for sale in streets, squares or markets, are ubiquitous around the world and throughout history. This volume is one of the first to provide a comprehensive social science perspective on street food, illustrating its immense cultural diversity and economic significance, both in developing and developed countries. Key issues addressed include: policy, regulation and governance of street food and vendors; production and trade patterns ranging from informal subsistence to modern forms of enterprise; the key role played by female vendors; historical roots and cultural meanings of selling and eating food in the street; food safety and nutrition issues. Many chapters provide case studies from specific cities in different regions of the world. These include North America (Atlanta, Philadelphia, Portland, Toronto, Vancouver), Central and South America (Bogota, Buenos Aires, La Paz, Lima, Mexico City, Montevideo, Santiago, Salvador da Bahia), Asia (Bangkok, Dhaka, Penang), Africa (Accra, Abidjan, Bamako, Freetown, Mozambique) and Europe (Amsterdam).
Street Trees of Seattle: An Illustrated Walking Guide
by Taha EbrahimiThe majestic trees of Seattle's neighborhoods take center stage in this illustrated and informative walking guide. Want to discover which neighborhood has the highest concentration of cherry street trees when cherry blossoms are at their peak?Eager to stroll down the only street lined with western red cedars?Curious how monkey puzzle trees made their way to the city?Using data visualization as a starting point, the author takes readers on a tour of existing street trees throughout Seattle's neighborhoods and iconic parks through charming illustrations and maps. In the process, she educates readers on the history of the trees and the city, and offers up sketches of trees, leaves, and leaflets to identify trees throughout 33 different neighborhoods. The most notable of each species are highlighted, so urban adventurers can fully appreciate their surroundings or design their own walking routes to experience these natural wonders in their favorite areas of the city.The book is organized alphabetically by neighborhood and each area: Showcases a species of treeIncludes a history of the tree and neighborhoodOffers maps and callouts for spotting the best street specimens In an increasingly digital world, the book invites readers to slow down and embrace an analog approach to tree-spotting during their urban meanderings.
Strength from the Waters: A History of Indigenous Mobilization in Northwest Mexico (Confluencias)
by James V. MestazStrength from the Waters is an environmental and social history that frames economic development, environmental concerns, and Indigenous mobilization within the context of a timeless issue: access to water. Between 1927 and 1970 the Mayo people—an Indigenous group in northwestern Mexico—confronted changing access to the largest freshwater source in the region, the Fuerte River. In Strength from the Waters James V. Mestaz demonstrates how the Mayo people used newly available opportunities such as irrigation laws, land reform, and cooperatives to maintain their connection to their river system and protect their Indigenous identity. By using irrigation technologies to increase crop production and protect lands from outsiders trying to claim it as fallow, the Mayo of northern Sinaloa simultaneously preserved their identity by continuing to conduct traditional religious rituals that paid homage to the Fuerte River. This shift in approach to both new technologies and natural resources promoted their physical and cultural survival and ensured a reciprocal connection to the Fuerte River, which bound them together as Mayo. Mestaz examines this changing link between hydraulic technology and Mayo tradition to reconsider the importance of water in relation to the state&’s control of the river and the ways the natural landscape transformed relations between individuals and the state, altering the social, political, ecological, and ethnic dynamics within several Indigenous villages. Strength from the Waters significantly contributes to contemporary Mexicanist scholarship by using an environmental and ethnohistorical approach to water access, Indigenous identity, and natural resource management to interrogate Mexican modernity in the twentieth century.
Strengthening Coastal Planning: How Coastal Regions Could Benefit from Louisiana's Planning and Analysis Framework
by Debra Knopman David G. Groves David R. Johnson Jordan R. Fischbach Kate GiglioThis report highlights RAND s contributions to the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority s Master Plan. Its purpose is to help policymakers in other coastal regions understand the value of a solid technical foundation to support decision-making on strategies to reduce flood risk, rebuild or restore coastal environments, and increase the resilience of developed coastal regions. "
Strengthening European Energy Policy: Governance Recommendations From Innovative Interdisciplinary Collaborations
by Chris Foulds Rosie Robison Ami Crowther Ganna GladkykhThis open access book foregrounds novel collaborations between the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH), and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines, for the benefit of European energy policy. Each chapter has been led by a team spanning social and technical disciplines. The book proposes 10 policy recommendations to: Simplify the uptake of community energy; Prioritise societal engagement in geothermal; Create co-learning for energy communities; Facilitate energy literacy; Support place-based strategies for retrofit; Promote integrated policy design for agrivoltaics; Increase social acceptability of low-carbon technologies; Protect digital energy infrastructure; Understand stakeholder perceptions of energy-efficiency measures; and Rethink energy system models to support the just transition. It will be of interest to anyone developing, implementing or critiquing energy policy (locally, nationally or internationally) as well as those looking to expand the use of interdisciplinary research to achieve sustainability goals. Part of a three-volume collection covering climate, energy, and mobility policy.
Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research-Management and Peer-Review Practices
by Committee on Research Peer Review in EPAInformation on Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Stress, Affluence and Sustainable Consumption (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Cecilia SolérWhy do affluent consumers almost automatically acquire new versions or variations of products already at their disposal? Even though most of us know that this novelty consumption poses a serious threat to an environmentally and socially sustainable future, we continue to do it. Why? Research shows that consumption of new automobiles, clothing, furniture, electronics, home furnishing, household apparel, mobile phones, etc., is motivated by a desire to feel more secure, less anxious and better mood-wise. Affluent consumers seem to engage in novelty consumption not to feel better but rather to avoid feeling bad. Stress, Affluence and Sustainable Consumption discusses sustainable consumption from a stress perspective, adding an embodied understanding to the sustainability-related consumption challenges that we face today. A stress perspective on affluent consumption differs from current understandings on consumption, as it fully acknowledges the consumer as having a body (including a mind) that reacts to the numerous product offerings and retail spaces, both physical and online. A stress perspective can explain how our bodies try to cope with an overload of perceptual input provided by advertising messages, product launches and even store structures. This book will be of great interest to students and researchers of consumer psychology, sustainable consumption studies, sustainable marketing and markets as well as sustainable development more generally.
Stretch to the Sun: From a Tiny Sprout to the Tallest Tree on Earth
by Carrie A. Pearson"Visually appealing and enjoyable to read aloud, this book is a versatile introduction to redwood trees and forest conservation."—School Library Journal Step into the magical, but true, world of a coast redwood forest -- one of nature's most diverse environments. Experience the life of one tiny tree as it survives despite all odds and grows generation by generation into the tallest tree on earth today. A recipient of a silver Eureka! Award from the California Reading Association for outstanding nonfiction. A children's book about how a once tiny seedling, deep in the forest of Redwood National Park, that was protected by the animals and plants that surrounded it, stretched toward the sun to become the tallest known tree on earth. It survived ecological and human threats and flourished for over 1200 years. Logging in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries depleted the coastal redwood population significantly. But the creation of northern California's Redwood National Park in 1968 helped to save some of the ancient trees, like this one. The tree was discovered by tall tree scientists in 2006, but in the hopes to keep the tree safe, its exact location is kept secret.Susan Swan&’s eye-catching illustrations are made of found objects and hand-painted papers bringing a natural depth and texture to the story. Peppered with impressive facts about trees and extensive backmatter, Pearson proves that every tree has a story to tell.
Striking Succulent Gardens: Plants and Plans for Designing Your Low-Maintenance Landscape [A Gardening Book]
by Gabriel FrankDesign a succulent garden of your own, with inspiration, advice, and instructional step-by-step projects for container gardens, small-space gardens, mixed gardens, and more.You can't help but be mesmerized by the eye-catching geometric forms and jewel-toned colors of succulents. But how do you grow these beauties in your own garden? One of the only books dedicated to succulent garden design, Striking Succulent Gardens is a stylish, modern gardening book for beginners and enthusiasts alike.Known for his colorful approach and bold use of varied textures and shapes, garden designer Gabriel Frank offers practical ideas, simple concepts, stunning full-color photography, step-by-step instructions for a dozen different gardens, plant recommendations, basic succulent care, and an inspired approach to creating living art in your own garden. For those in colder climates, there is a list of cold-hardy succulents and advice for bringing container gardens indoors for the winter, making succulent gardens achievable no matter where you live.Tough, water-wise, wildly popular, and nearly indestructible, succulents will transform your outdoor space, providing gardens of every size with minimal maintenance and maximum impact.
Stringfellow Acid Pits: The Toxic and Legal Legacy
by Brian CraigStringfellow Acid Pits tells the story of one of the most toxic places in the United States, and of an epic legal battle waged to clean up the site and hold those responsible accountable. In 1955, California officials approached rock quarry owner James Stringfellow about using his land in Riverside County, east of Los Angeles, as a hazardous dump site. Officials claimed it was a natural waste disposal site because of the impermeable rocks that underlay the surface. They were gravely mistaken. Over 33 million gallons of industrial chemicals from more than a dozen of the nation’s most prominent companies poured into the site’s unlined ponds. In the 1960s and 1970s, heavy rains forced surges of chemical-laden water into Pyrite Creek and the nearby town of Glen Avon. Children played in the froth, making fake beards with the chemical foam. The liquid waste contaminated the groundwater, threatening the drinking water for hundreds of thousands of California residents. Penny Newman, a special education teacher and mother, led a grassroots army of so-called “hysterical housewives” who demanded answers and fought to clean up the toxic dump. The ensuing three-decade legal saga involved more than 1,000 lawyers, 4,000 plaintiffs, and nearly 200 defendants, and led to the longest civil trial in California history. The author unveils the environmental and legal history surrounding the Stringfellow Acid Pits through meticulous research based on personal interviews, court records, and EPA and other documents. The contamination at the Stringfellow site will linger for hundreds of years. The legal fight has had an equally indelible influence, shaping environmental law, toxic torts, appellate procedure, takings law, and insurance coverage, into the present day.
Striper Wars: An American Fish Story
by Dick RussellStriper Wars is Dick Russell's inspiring account of the people and events responsible for the successful preservation of one of America's favorite fish and of what has happened since.
Strips and Selvages Quilt Pattern
by Jennifer SampouSqueeze the most out of your favorite solids and prints with this modern strip-pieced quilt! Best-selling fabric designer Jennifer Sampou’s graphic patchwork sews up quickly and looks at home in any living space. From selvage to selvage, you’ll incorporate every treasured bit of fabric into a one-of-a-kind border. Beginning quilters and anyone looking for a quick project will love this timesaving design. Simple strip-pieced quilt with a unique selvage border Quick to sew, great for beginners Includes tips on fabric selection! Works with both solids and prints Bold, graphic style makes a great guy-friendly quilt Wholesale minimum: 3 units.
Strong Winds and Widow Makers: Workers, Nature, and Environmental Conflict in Pacific Northwest Timber Country (Working Class in American History)
by Steven C. BedaOften cast as villains in the Northwest's environmental battles, timber workers in fact have a connection to the forest that goes far beyond jobs and economic issues. Steven C. Beda explores the complex true story of how and why timber-working communities have concerned themselves with the health and future of the woods surrounding them. Life experiences like hunting, fishing, foraging, and hiking imbued timber country with meanings and values that nurtured a deep sense of place in workers, their families, and their communities. This sense of place in turn shaped ideas about protection that sometimes clashed with the views of environmentalists--or the desires of employers. Beda's sympathetic, in-depth look at the human beings whose lives are embedded in the woods helps us understand that timber communities fought not just to protect their livelihood, but because they saw the forest as a vital part of themselves.
Stronghold: One Man's Quest to Save the World's Wild Salmon
by Tucker Malarkey“A powerful and inspiring story. Guido Rahr’s mission to save the wild Pacific salmon leads him into adventures that make for a breathtakingly exciting read.”—Ian Frazier, author of Travels in Siberia In the tradition of Mountains Beyond Mountains and The Orchid Thief, Stronghold is Tucker Malarkey’s eye-opening account of an unlikely visionary and his crusade to protect the world’s last bastion of wild salmon. From a young age, Guido Rahr was a misfit among his family and classmates, preferring to spend his time in the natural world. An obsessive fly fisherman, Rahr noticed when the salmon runs of the Pacific Northwest began to decline—and was one of the few who understood why. As dams, industry, and climate change degraded the homes of these magnificent fish, Rahr saw that the salmon of the Pacific Rim were destined to go the way of their Atlantic brethren: near extinction. An improbable and inspiring story, Stronghold takes us on a wild adventure, from Oregon to Alaska to one of the world’s last remaining salmon strongholds in the Russian Far East, a landscape of ecological richness and diversity that is rapidly being developed for oil, gas, minerals, and timber. Along the way, Rahr contends with scientists, conservationists, Russian oligarchs, corrupt officials, and unexpected allies in an attempt to secure a stronghold for the endangered salmon, an extraordinary keystone species whose demise would reverberate across the planet.Tucker Malarkey, who joins Rahr in the Russian wilderness, has written a clarion call for a sustainable future, a remarkable work of natural history, and a riveting account of a species whose future is closely linked to our own.Advance praise for Stronghold“This book isn’t just about fish, it’s about life itself and the fragile unseen threads that connect all creatures across this beleaguered orb we call home. Guido Rahr’s quest to save the world’s wild salmon should serve as an inspiration—and a provocation—for us all, and Tucker Malarkey’s exquisite book captures Rahr’s weird and wonderful story with poignancy, humor, and grace.”—Hampton Sides, author of In the Kingdom of Ice and Blood and Thunder“A crazy-good, intensely lived book that reads like an international thriller—only it’s our beloved salmon playing the part of diamonds or oil or gold.”—David James Duncan, author of The River Why and The Brothers K
Stronghold: One man's quest to save the world's wild salmon - before it's too late
by Tucker MalarkeyStronghold is Tucker Malarkey’s enthralling account of an unlikely visionary, Guido Rahr, and his crusade to protect the world’s last bastion of wild salmon. One of the most determined creatures on earth, salmon have succeeded in returning from the sea to their birth rivers to spawn for hundreds of thousands of years – no matter what the obstacles. But our steady incursions into their habitats mean increasingly few are making it, pushing these fish to near extinction. In this improbable and inspiring story, we follow Guido on a wild and, at times, dangerous adventure from Oregon to Alaska, and then to one of the world’s last remaining wildernesses, in the Russian Far East. Along the way, Guido contends with scientists, conservationists, Russian oligarchs and corrupt officials – and befriends some unexpected allies – in an attempt to secure a stronghold for the endangered salmon, an extraordinary keystone of our ecosystem whose demise would reverberate across the planet. This book is a remarkable work of natural history, a clarion call for a sustainable future and a riveting insight into a fish whose future is closely linked to our own. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Adobe Garamond Pro'} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Adobe Garamond Pro'; min-height: 14.0px}
Structure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management (Advances in Agroecology)
by Masae Shiyomi Hiroshi KoizumiStructure and Function in Agroecosystem Design and Management presents an advanced discussion of the need to design agricultural systems that 1) increase reliance on biological interactions in agroecosystems as a means of decreasing dependence on the use of large quantities of agrochemicals and the consumption of fossil fuel energy and 2) continue
Structure and Function of Mountain Ecosystems in Japan
by Gaku KudoThe purpose of this book is to summarize new insights on the structure and function of mountain ecosystems and to present evidence and perspectives on the impact of climate change on biodiversity. This volume describes overall features of high-mountain ecosystems in Japan, which are characterized by clear seasonality and snow-thawing dynamics. Individual chapters cover a variety of unique topics, namely, vegetation dynamics along elevations, the physiological function of alpine plants, the structure of flowering phenology, plant-pollinator interactions, the geographical pattern of coniferous forests, terrestrial-aquatic linkage in carbon dynamics, and the community structure of bacteria in mountain lake systems. High-mountain ecosystems are characterized by unique flora and fauna, including many endemic and rare species. On the other hand, the systems are extremely vulnerable to environmental change. The biodiversity is maintained by the existence of spatiotemporally heterogeneous habitats along environmental gradients, such as elevation and snowmelt time. Understanding the structure and function of mountain ecosystems is crucial for the conservation of mountain biodiversity and the prediction of the climate change impacts. The diverse studies and integrated synthesis presented in this book provide readers with a holistic view of mountain ecosystems. It is a recommended read for anyone interested in mountain ecosystems and alpine plants, including undergraduate and graduate students studying ecology, field workers involved in conservational activity in mountains, policymakers planning ecosystem management of protected areas, and researchers of general ecology. In particular, this book will be of interest to ecologists of countries who are not familiar with Japanese mountain ecosystems, which are characterized by humid summers, cold winters, and the snowiest climate in the world.
Structure and Properties of a Wilderness Travel Simulator: An Application to the Spanish Peaks Area (RFF Forests, Lands, and Recreation Set)
by John V. Krutilla V. Kerry SmithFirst Published in 2011. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Structured Decision Making: Case Studies in Natural Resource Management (Wildlife Management and Conservation)
by David R. SmithProvides and analyzes real examples of how structured decision making (SDM) can help solve complex problems involving natural resources.When faced with complicated, potentially controversial decisions that affect our environment, many resource management agencies have come to realize the value of structured decision making (SDM)—the systematic use of principles and tools of decision analysis. Few professionals, however, have extensive experience implementing SDM. Structured Decision Making provides key information to both current adopters of the method and those who are deploying it for the first time by demonstrating the formal use of decision analysis to support difficult, real-world natural resource management decisions. Drawing on case studies from multiple public agencies in the United States, Canada, Australia, and Mauritius, the editors present an overview of decision analysis, a classification of decision types, and a catalog of decision analysis methods. Dozens of detailed charts and maps help contextualize the material. These case studies examine a rich variety of topics, including• keeping forest birds free from disease• conserving imperiled freshwater mussels• managing water for oil sands mining• dealing with coastal wetlands in the face of sea-level rise• designing networks for prairie-dependent taxa• combatting invasive alpine shrubs• managing vernal pool habitats for obligate amphibian species • and much moreAimed at decision makers tackling natural resource challenges in government agencies around the world, as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students preparing to work in natural resource management, Structured Decision Making shows how SDM can be implemented to achieve optimal outcomes that integrate social values and scientific understanding.Contributors: Taber D. Allison, Larissa L. Bailey, Ellen A. Bean, Clint W. Boal, Gregory Breese, Stefano Canessa, Jean Fitts Cochrane, Sarah J. Converse, Cami S. Dixon, John G. Ewen, Christelle Ferrière, Jill J. Gannon, Beth Gardner, Adam W. Green, Justin A. Gude, Victoria M. Hunt, Kevin S. Kalasz, Melinda G. Knutson, Jim Kraus, Graham Long, Eric V. Lonsdorf, James E. Lyons, Conor P. McGowan, Sarah E. McRae, Michael S. Mitchell, Clinton T. Moore, Joslin L. Moore, Steven Morey, Dan W. Ohlson, Charlie Pascoe, Andrew Paul, Eben H. Paxton, Lori B. Pruitt, Michael C. Runge, Sarah N. Sells, Terry L. Shaffer, Stephanie Slade, David R. Smith, Jennifer A. Szymanski, Terry Walshe, Nicolas Zuël
Structures in the Stream: Water, Science, and the Rise of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
by Todd ShallatAs the Mississippi and other midwestern rivers inundated town after town during the summer of 1993, concerned and angry citizens questioned whether the very technologies and structures intended to "tame" the rivers did not, in fact, increase the severity of the floods. Much of the controversy swirled around the apparent culpability of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, the builder of many of the flood control systems that failed. In this book, Todd Shallat examines the turbulent first century of the dam and canal building Corps and follows the agency's rise from European antecedents through the boom years of river development after the American Civil War. Combining extensive research with a lively style, Shallat tells the story of monumental construction and engineering fiascoes, public service and public corruption, and the rise of science and the army expert as agents of the state. More than an institutional history, Structures in the Stream offers significant insights into American society, which has alternately supported the public works projects that are a legacy of our French heritage and opposed them based on the democratic, individualist tradition inherited from Britain. It will be important reading for a wide audience in environmental, military, and scientific history, policy studies, and American cultural history.
Structures of Life (FOSS Science Resources)
by Delta Education<p>FOSS Science Resources is a book of original readings developed to accompany each module. The readings are referred to as articles in the Investigations Guide. Students read the articles in the book as they progress through the module. <p>The articles cover a specific concept usually after that concept has been introduced in an active investigation. The articles in FOSS Science Resources and the discussion questions provided in the Investigations Guide help students make connections to the science concepts introduced and explored during the active investigations. Concept development is most effective when students are allowed to experience organisms, objects, and phenomena firsthand before engaging the concepts in text. The text and illustrations help make connections between what students. </p>