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Grammar for Teachers: A Guide to American English for Native and Non-Native Speakers (Springer Texts in Education)
by Andrea DeCapuaUpdated and revised with more examples and expanded discussions, this second edition continues the aim of providing teachers with a solid understanding of the use and function of grammatical structures in American English. The book avoids jargon and presents essential grammatical structures clearly and concisely. Dr. DeCapua approaches grammar from a descriptive rather than a prescriptive standpoint, discussing differences between formal and informal language, and spoken and written English. The text draws examples from a wide variety of authentic materials to illustrate grammatical concepts. The many activities throughout the book engage users in exploring the different elements of grammar and in considering how these elements work together to form meaning. Users are encouraged to tap into their own, often subconscious, knowledge of grammar to consciously apply their knowledge to their own varied teaching settings. The text also emphasizes the importance of understanding grammar from the perspective of English language learners, an approach that allows teachers to better appreciate the difficulties these learners face. Specific areas of difficulties for learners of English are highlighted throughout.
Grammar in Early Twentieth-Century Philosophy (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Philosophy #Vol. 6)
by Richard GaskinThis book is a systematic and historical exploration of the philosophical significance of grammar. In the first half of the twentieth century, and in particular in the writings of Frege, Husserl, Russell, Carnap and Wittgenstein, there was sustained philosophical reflection on the nature of grammar, and on the relevance of grammar to metaphysics, logic and science.
The Grammar of Politics and Performance (Interventions)
by Janelle Reinelt Shirin M RaiThis volume brings together important work at the intersection of politics and performance studies. While the languages of theatre and performance have long been deployed by other disciplines, these are seldom deployed seriously and pursued systematically to discover the actual nature of the relationship between performance as a set of behavioural practices and the forms and the transactions of these other disciplines. This book investigates the structural similarities and features of politics and performance, which are referred to here as ‘grammar’, a concept which also emphasizes the common communicational base or language of these fields. In each of the chapters included in this collection, key processes of both politics and performance are identified and analyzed, demonstrating the critical and indivisible links between the fields. The book also underlines that neither politics nor performance can take place without actors who perform and spectators who receive, evaluate and react to these actions. At the heart of the project is the ambition to bring about a paradigm change, such that politics cannot be analyzed seriously without a sophisticated understanding of its performance. All the chapters here display a concrete set of events, practices, and contexts within which politics and performance are inseparable elements. This work will be of great interest to students and scholars in both International Relations and Performance Studies.
The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms
by Cristina BicchieriIn The Grammar of Society, first published in 2006, Cristina Bicchieri examines social norms, such as fairness, cooperation, and reciprocity, in an effort to understand their nature and dynamics, the expectations that they generate, and how they evolve and change. Drawing on several intellectual traditions and methods, including those of social psychology, experimental economics and evolutionary game theory, Bicchieri provides an integrated account of how social norms emerge, why and when we follow them, and the situations where we are most likely to focus on relevant norms. Examining the existence and survival of inefficient norms, she demonstrates how norms evolve in ways that depend upon the psychological dispositions of the individual and how such dispositions may impair social efficiency. By contrast, she also shows how certain psychological propensities may naturally lead individuals to evolve fairness norms that closely resemble those we follow in most modern societies.
The Grammar Rules of Affection: Passion and Pedagogy in Sidney, Shakespeare, and Jonson
by Ross KnechtRenaissance writers habitually drew upon the idioms and images of the schoolroom in their depictions of emotional experience. Memorable instances of this tendency include the representation of love as a schoolroom exercise conducted under the disciplinary gaze of the mistress, melancholy as a process of gradual decline like the declension of the noun, and courtship as a practice in which the participants are arranged like the parts of speech in a sentence. The Grammar Rules of Affection explores this synthesis of the affective and the pedagogical in Renaissance literature, analysing examples from major texts by Philip Sidney, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. Drawing on philosophical approaches to emotion, theories of social practice, and the history of education, this book argues that emotions appear in Renaissance literature as conventional, rule-guided practices rather than internal states. This claim represents a novel intervention in the historical study of emotion, departing from the standard approaches to emotions as either corporeal phenomena or mental states. Combining linguistic philosophy and theory of emotion, The Grammar Rules of Affection works to overcome this dualistic crux by locating emotion in the expressions and practices of everyday life.
Grammatical Inference
by Wojciech WieczorekThis book focuses on grammatical inference, presenting classic and modern methods of grammatical inference from the perspective of practitioners. To do so, it employs the Python programming language to present all of the methods discussed. Grammatical inference is a field that lies at the intersection of multiple disciplines, with contributions from computational linguistics, pattern recognition, machine learning, computational biology, formal learning theory and many others. Though the book is largely practical, it also includes elements of learning theory, combinatorics on words, the theory of automata and formal languages, plus references to real-world problems. The listings presented here can be directly copied and pasted into other programs, thus making the book a valuable source of ready recipes for students, academic researchers, and programmers alike, as well as an inspiration for their further development. >
Grammatology of Images: A History of the A-Visible (Commonalities)
by Sigrid WeigelGrammatology of Images radically alters how we approach images. Instead of asking for the history, power, or essence of images, Sigrid Weigel addresses imaging as such. The book considers how something a-visible gets transformed into an image. Weigel scrutinizes the moment of mis-en-apparition, of making an appearance, and the process of concealment that accompanies any imaging.Weigel reinterprets Derrida’s and Freud’s concept of the trace as that which must be thought before something exists. In doing so, she illuminates the threshold between traces and iconic images, between something immaterial and its pictorial representation. Chapters alternate between general accounts of the line, the index, the effigy, and the cult-image, and case studies from the history of science, art, politics, and religion, involving faces as indicators of emotion, caricatures as effigies of defamation, and angels as embodiments of transcendental ideas.Weigel’s approach to images illuminates fascinating, unexpected correspondences between premodern and contemporary image-practices, between the history of religion and the modern sciences, and between things that are and are not understood as art.
Gramsci and Marxist Theory (RLE: Gramsci)
by Chantal MouffeThis book familiarizes the English-speaking reader with the debate on the originality of Gramsci’s thought and its importance for the development of Marxist theory. The contributors present the principal viewpoints regarding Gramsci’s theoretical contribution to Marxism, focussing in particular on his advances in the study of the superstructures, and discussing his relation to Marx and Lenin and his influence in Eurocommunism. Different interpretations are put forward concerning the elucidation of Gramsci’s key concepts, namely: hegemony, integral state, war of position and passive revolution.
Gramsci and the Emancipation of the Subaltern Classes (Marx, Engels, and Marxisms)
by Marcos Del RoioThis book outlines essential issues of Antonio Gramsci’s thought, from his relationship to other political thinkers, including Rosa Luxemburg, Lenin, and Machiavelli; the development of his key conceptual categories; and the applicability of those categories in contemporary contexts. The author demonstrates how Gramsci’s revolutionary strategy begins with the knowledge of the subaltern classes’ common sense, and their elements of rebellion, in order to establish a dialectical relationship between intellectuals and the masses. That relationship promotes collective intellectual progress, ultimately leading to an effective philosophy of praxis, founded on labor and a new hegemony. The book demonstrates that Gramsci’s thought offers possibilities for understanding the serious crises of today.
Gramsci and Trotsky in the Shadow of Stalinism: The Political Theory and Practice of Opposition
by Emanuele SaccarelliThis book examines the legacy of Antonio Gramsci and Leon Trotsky in the shadow of Stalinism in order to reassess the very different and distorted academic reception of the two figures, as well as to contribute to the revitalization of Marxism for our time. While Gramsci and Trotsky lived and died in a similar fashion, as revolutionary Marxist leaders and theoreticians, their reception in academia could not be more different. Gramsci has become tremendously popular, becoming a central figure in many disciplines, while Trotsky remains largely ignored. Saccarelli argues that not only is Gramsci popular for the wrong reasons--being routinely distorted and depoliticized--even when rescued from his contemporary users, Gramsci remains inadequate. Conversely, the fact that Trotsky remains beyond the pale of "theory" is a terrible indictment of the current state of academic thinking.
Gramsci in the World
by Roberto Dainotto and Fredric JamesonAntonio Gramsci's Prison Notebooks have offered concepts, categories, and political solutions that have been applied in a variety of social and political contexts, from postwar Italy to the insurgencies of the Arab Spring. The contributors to Gramsci in the World examine the diverse receptions and uses of Gramscian thought, highlighting its possibilities and limits for understanding and changing the world. Among other topics, they explore Gramsci's importance to Caribbean anticolonial thinkers like Stuart Hall, his presence in decolonial indigenous movements in the Andes, and his relevance to understanding the Chinese Left. The contributors consider why Gramsci has had relatively little impact in the United States while also showing how he was a major force in pushing Marxism beyond Europe—especially into the Arab world and other regions of the Global South. Rather than taking one interpretive position on Gramsci, the contributors demonstrate the ongoing relevance of his ideas to revolutionary theory and praxis.Contributors. Alberto Burgio, Cesare Casarino, Maria Elisa Cevasco, Kate Crehan, Roberto M. Dainotto, Michael Denning, Harry Harootunian, Fredric Jameson, R. A. Judy, Patrizia Manduchi, Andrea Scapolo, Peter D. Thomas, Catherine Walsh, Pu Wang, Cosimo Zene
Gramsci, Materialism, and Philosophy (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought)
by Esteve MoreraWestern critical theory, Marxism included, has largely been based on a view of historical materialism that Gramsci, among others, developed in his prison notebooks. For many, Gramsci’s philosophical reflections in prison offered a new foundation for the philosophy of the future. His reflections on the philosophy of praxis and absolute historicism find echoes in much of what today is considered to be a materialist philosophy. That form of materialism was unable to provide a sound foundation for a progressive social project, the possibility of a meaningful and creative ethical life, and the forms of activity or praxis that would be conducive to creating good society. In this book, Esteve Morera connects Marxist philosophy to the broader philosophical discussion of materialism in metaphysics, the philosophy science, philosophy of mind, and naturalised ethics. Each chapter deals with a particular aspect related to materialism and its consequences, the sorts of things that, if materialism is true, need to be confronted. Morera critiques, and rejects Gramsci’s conception of matter and materialism and concludes that that philosophical materialism is compatible with freedom, and as a consequence, offers a good foundation for ethical life. Gramsci, Materialism, and Philosophy is an original contribution to the philosophically vital debates around the meaning, limitations, implications, and possibilities of philosophical materialism as it is a contribution to the critical literature on Gramsci.
Gramsci (RLE (RLE (RLE (RLE (RLE (RLE (RLE (RLE: Gramsci): And Italy's Passive Revolution
by John A. DavisAntonio Gramsci used the term ‘passive revolution’ to describe the limitations and weaknesses of the 19th century bourgeois state in Italy which permitted economic development whilst thwarting social and political progress. This detailed study consists of seven essays each exploring a different theme of the economic and social basis of the Liberal state, providing a broad understanding of the background against the emergence of Italian fascism and present a number of debates and controversies amongst Italian historians. By critical discussion of Gramsci’s reading of modern Italian history, the essays present an analysis of the structure and development of social and economic relations in the formation of the Liberal state, illustrating the transition from liberalism to fascism.
Gramsci's Politics (Routledge Library Editions: Political Thought and Political Philosophy #51)
by Anne Showstack SassoonFirst published in 1980. This book analyses Gramsci’s political theory and the consequences of his ideas for the theory of the state and of the political party. Using the new tools of analysis which have been developed in Italy the book presents Gramsci’s political theory as part of the attempt to develop further a Marxist theory of politics. The book also serves as a basis for considering the theoretical foundations of political developments such as Eurocommunism and the author argues that Gramsci’s political thought provides useful instruments for both a critique of Stalinism and of social democracy and offers a grounding for conceptualising democratic forms of socialism which did not simply reinforce the State. This title will be of interest to students of politics, philosophy, and history.
La gran degeneración: Cómo decaen las instituciones y mueren las economías
by Niall FergusonUn análisis de las causas del declive actual de occidente. Hace tiempo que se anuncia el declive de Occidente, pero ahora los síntomas de esa decadencia nos acosan: un crecimiento mínimo, una deuda asfixiante, una población envejecida, conductas antisociales. ¿Qué le pasa a la civilización occidental? La respuesta que ofrece Niall Ferguson es que nuestras instituciones, los complejos marcos dentro de los que una sociedad puede florecer o fracasar, están degenerando. El gobierno representativo, el libre mercado, el imperio de la ley y la sociedad civil: estos solían ser los cuatro pilares de las sociedades occidentales. Estas instituciones, más que ninguna ventaja geográfica o climatológica, permitieron el dominio global de Occidente a partir de 1500. En nuestra época, sin embargo, estas instituciones se han deteriorado de modo alarmante. Nuestras democracias han roto el pacto intergeneracional al dejar una pesada carga de deuda a nuestros hijos y nietos. Nuestros mercados cada vez están más distorsionados por regulaciones excesivamente complejas que son la enfermedad de la que pretenden ser la cura. El imperio de la ley se ha convertido en el imperio de los abogados. Y la sociedad civil es ahora la sociedad incivil, en la que esperamos que el Estado resuelva todos nuestros problemas. La gran degeneración es un poderoso y en ocasiones polémico alegato contra una era de negligencia y pasividad. Mientras el mundo árabe lucha por alcanzar la democracia y China avanza de la liberalización económica al imperio de la ley, europeos y estadounidenses malgastan el legado institucional construido a lo largo de varios siglos. Detener la degeneración de la civilización occidental, advierte Ferguson, requerirá líderes audaces y una reforma radical.
El gran fraude: Sobre terrorismo, nacionalismo y ¿progresismo?
by Fernando SavaterSobre terrorismo, nacionalismo y ¿progresismo? Este libro versa sobre dos temas. El primero y más inmediato es la vinculación objetiva entre el proyecto soberanista del nacionalismo vasco -concretado por el momento en el llamado «plan Ibarretxe»- y la persistencia de la intimidación terrorista contra la sociedad vasca. A este efecto se analiza la trama de complicidades y apoyos al entorno social etarra con que el PNV, EA e IU han procurado rentabilizar políticamente durante los dos últimos años el clima de coacción que la banda supo imponer, presentándose como sus herederos ante su probable próximo finiquito. El segundo tema tiene mayor calado y más alcance. Es la denuncia de la inestimable colaboración que cierto «progresismo» ha prestado al desastre vasco, a veces con su cautelosa inhibición ante los crímenes terroristas y en muchos otros casos mostrando una simpatía comprensiva por el ejecutivo nacionalista que regatea, en cambio, al Gobierno estatal. Pero el mal no se limita a Euskalherria, porque también en otras regiones -a veinticinco años de proclamada la Constitución- cualquier invocación al «pluralismo» aunque sea por motivos caciquiles es considerada progresista, mientras que recordar la unidad de España resulta fascismo de mal gusto. Este es el gran fraude ideológico, educativo y político de nuestra democracia: y el origen de la principal amenaza que pesa actualmente sobre ella.
El gran secreto de Jesús: Una lectura revolucionaria de los Evangelios
by Juan AriasUna lectura insólita y audaz de los textos evangélicos que demuestra que Jesús se dirigía sobre todo a una humanidad por venir. Los Evangelios y la exégesis teológica que de ellos se ha hecho a lo largo de la historia muestran a Jesús de Nazaret como un líder religioso que fundó una nueva Iglesia a partir del judaísmo. Lo cierto es que la intención del Nazareno nunca fue la de crear una nueva religión, sino la de ir más allá. Sus palabras, sus gestos, su vida albergan intuiciones que superan el hecho religioso y que están relacionadas con la naturaleza del ser humano y con su futura transformación en una sociedad basada en el perdón y en el amor, pilares de la verdadera felicidad. Gracias a la aparición reciente de los Evangelios gnósticos es posible completar las interpretaciones tradicionales de las Sagradas Escrituras y arrojar sobre lo ya conocido una nueva luz. En El gran secreto de Jesús el periodista Juan Arias cuestiona toda la teología tradicional de la Cruz y de la Redención, apunta hacia una teología de la Felicidad y nos ofrece en esta obra seis misterios, cada uno de los estadios del secreto mejor guardado de la historia.
The Grand Array
by Pattiann RogersThe Grand Array is a stunning collection of 18 essays by widely published and highly acclaimed poet Pattiann Rogers. Written over a span of 25 years, these essays show Rogers daringly yet delicately laying out her vision of the essential unity and interdependence of science, spirituality, the arts, and the sensual experience of the physical world. Composed in an anecdotal and lyrical - but never dogmatic - style, The Grand Array takes us on a journey that both celebrates human existence and questions many of our basic concepts about nature, god, and the importance of faith. Regard for the awe-inspiring but sometimes raw mysteries of nature underlies Roger's writing. At its heart, her message is celebratory und unifying - and as such it's particularly relevant in today's fractured world. Rogers calls on us to understand and move beyond the limitations of our knowledge in order to embrace the vastness of the cosmos and the place of humans in its "grand array."
The Grand Array
by Pattiann RogersThe Grand Array is a stunning collection of 18 essays by widely published and highly acclaimed poet Pattiann Rogers. Written over a span of 25 years, these essays show Rogers daringly yet delicately laying out her vision of the essential unity and interdependence of science, spirituality, the arts, and the sensual experience of the physical world. Composed in an anecdotal and lyrical - but never dogmatic - style, The Grand Array takes us on a journey that both celebrates human existence and questions many of our basic concepts about nature, god, and the importance of faith. Regard for the awe-inspiring but sometimes raw mysteries of nature underlies Roger's writing. At its heart, her message is celebratory und unifying - and as such it's particularly relevant in today's fractured world. Rogers calls on us to understand and move beyond the limitations of our knowledge in order to embrace the vastness of the cosmos and the place of humans in its "grand array."
The Grand Array
by Pattiann RogersThe Grand Array is a stunning collection of 18 essays by widely published and highly acclaimed poet Pattiann Rogers. Written over a span of 25 years, these essays show Rogers daringly yet delicately laying out her vision of the essential unity and interdependence of science, spirituality, the arts, and the sensual experience of the physical world. Composed in an anecdotal and lyrical - but never dogmatic - style, The Grand Array takes us on a journey that both celebrates human existence and questions many of our basic concepts about nature, god, and the importance of faith. Regard for the awe-inspiring but sometimes raw mysteries of nature underlies Roger's writing. At its heart, her message is celebratory und unifying - and as such it's particularly relevant in today's fractured world. Rogers calls on us to understand and move beyond the limitations of our knowledge in order to embrace the vastness of the cosmos and the place of humans in its "grand array."
The Grand Delusion: What We Know But Don't Believe
by Steve HagenThis is a fun, unique book that goes deep into the great mysteries of knowing—and makes it enjoyable.In The Grand Delusion, bestselling author Steve Hagen drills deeply into the most basic assumptions, strengths, and limitations of religion and belief, philosophy and inquiry, science and technology. In doing so, he shines new light on the great existential questions—Why is there Something rather than Nothing? What does it mean to exist? What is consciousness? What is the nature of truth?—and does so from an entirely unexpected direction. Ultimately, this book reveals how all of our fundamental questions stem from a single error, a single unwarranted belief—a single Grand Delusion.
The Grand Design
by Stephen Hawking Leonard Mlodinow#1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLERWhen and how did the universe begin? Why are we here? What is the nature of reality? Is the apparent "grand design" of our universe evidence of a benevolent creator who set things in motion--or does science offer another explanation? In this startling and lavishly illustrated book, Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow present the most recent scientific thinking about these and other abiding mysteries of the universe, in nontechnical language marked by brilliance and simplicity. According to quantum theory, the cosmos does not have just a single existence or history. The authors explain that we ourselves are the product of quantum fluctuations in the early universe, and show how quantum theory predicts the "multiverse"--the idea that ours is just one of many universes that appeared spontaneously out of nothing, each with different laws of nature. They conclude with a riveting assessment of M-theory, an explanation of the laws governing our universe that is currently the only viable candidate for a "theory of everything": the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, which, if confirmed, would represent the ultimate triumph of human reason.rning us and our universe that is currently the only viable candidate for a complete "theory of everything." If confirmed, they write, it will be the unified theory that Einstein was looking for, and the ultimate triumph of human reason.A succinct, startling, and lavishly illustrated guide to discoveries that are altering our understanding and threatening some of our most cherished belief systems, The Grand Design is a book that will inform--and provoke--like no other.From the Hardcover edition.
Grand Hotel Abyss: The Lives of the Frankfurt School
by Stuart JeffriesThis brilliant group biography asks who were the Frankfurt School and why they matter todayIn 1923, a group of young radical German thinkers and intellectuals came together to at Victoria Alle 7, Frankfurt, determined to explain the workings of the modern world. Among the most prominent members of what became the Frankfurt School were the philosophers Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, and Herbert Marcuse. Not only would they change the way we think, but also the subjects we deem worthy of intellectual investigation. Their lives, like their ideas, profoundly, sometimes tragically, reflected and shaped the shattering events of the twentieth century.Grand Hotel Abyss combines biography, philosophy, and storytelling to reveal how the Frankfurt thinkers gathered in hopes of understanding the politics of culture during the rise of fascism. Some of them, forced to escape the horrors of Nazi Germany, later found exile in the United States. Benjamin, with his last great work--the incomplete Arcades Project--in his suitcase, was arrested in Spain and committed suicide when threatened with deportation to Nazi-occupied France. On the other side of the Atlantic, Adorno failed in his bid to become a Hollywood screenwriter, denounced jazz, and even met Charlie Chaplin in Malibu.After the war, there was a resurgence of interest in the School. From the relative comfort of sun-drenched California, Herbert Marcuse wrote the classic One Dimensional Man, which influenced the 1960s counterculture and thinkers such as Angela Davis; while in a tragic coda, Adorno died from a heart attack following confrontations with student radicals in Berlin.By taking popular culture seriously as an object of study--whether it was film, music, ideas, or consumerism--the Frankfurt School elaborated upon the nature and crisis of our mass-produced, mechanised society. Grand Hotel Abyss shows how much these ideas still tell us about our age of social media and runaway consumption.From the Hardcover edition.
Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments Of Justice Samuel Chase And President Andrew Johnson
by William H. RehnquistRecounts two precedent-setting impeachment cases that strengthened the concept of separation of powers and further defined the institutions of American government
The Grand Inquisitor: with related chapters from The Brothers Karamazov
by Constance Garnett Fyodor Dostoevsky Charles GuignonThis new edition presents The Grand Inquisitor together with the preceding chapter, Rebellion, and the extended reply offered by Dostoevsky in the following sections, entitled The Russian Monk. By showing how Dostoevsky frames the Grand Inquisitor story in the wider context of the novel, this edition captures the subtlety and power of Dostoevsky's critique of modernity as well as his alternative vision of human fulfillment.