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Problems from Philosophy (3rd Edition)
by Stuart Rachels James RachelsProblems from Philosophy is an introduction to philosophy which is organized around the great philosophical problems—the existence of God, the nature of the mind, human freedom, the limits of knowledge, and the truth about ethics. It begins by reflecting on the life of the first great philosopher, Socrates. Then it takes up the fundamental question of whether God exists. Next comes a discussion of death and the soul, which leads to a chapter about persons. The later chapters of the book are about whether objective knowledge is possible in science and ethics. Each chapter is self-contained and may be read independently of the others. Problems from Philosophy represents the final work of author and philosopher James Rachels. In it, he brings the same liveliness and clarity to the introduction of philosophy that he brings to his best-selling ethics text, The Elements of Moral Philosophy. The second and third edition have been revised by Rachels' son Stuart, who carefully has carefully refined his father's work to further strengthen its clarity and accessibility.
Problems in Primary Education (Routledge Library Editions: Education)
by R F DeardenThe first part of the book discusses aims, who should determine them and how they might be determined. The second part discusses some more specific topics of learning and teaching, such as learning how to learn, the integrated day and the use of competition. The author distinguishes three broad levels of thought in looking at schools: the details of choice and decision; the general principles which are, or ought to be, guiding that detailed practice; and the theoretical commentaries on the guiding principles available from the various disciplines which constitute the study of education.
Problems of Compositionality
by Zoltán Gendler SzabóThis book is a critical discussion of the principle of compositionality, the thesis that the meaning of a complex expression is fully determined by the meanings of its constituents and its structure. The aim of this book is to clarify what is meant by this principle, to show that its traditional justification is insufficient, and to discuss some of the problems that have to be addressed before a new attempt can be made to justify it.
Problems of Evil and the Power of God (Routledge Philosophy of Religion Series)
by James A. KellerWhy do bad things happen, even to good people? If there is a God, why aren't God's existence and God's will for humans more apparent? And if God really does miracles for some people, why not for others? This book examines these three problems of evil - suffering, divine hiddenness, and unfairness if miracles happen as believers claim - to explore how different ideas of God's power relate to the problem of evil. Keller argues that as long as God is believed to be all-powerful, there are no adequate answers to these problems, nor is it enough for theists simply to claim that human ignorance makes these problems insoluble. Arguing that there are no good grounds for the belief that God is all-powerful, Keller instead defends the understanding of God and God's power found in process theism and shows how it makes possible an adequate solution to the problems of evil while providing a concept of God that is religiously adequate.
Problems of Knowledge: A Critical Introduction to Epistemology
by Michael WilliamsProblems of Knowledge provides clear and engaging explanations of the theory of knowledge and why it matters, offering an excellent foundation for students in introductory epistemology courses.
Problems of Men
by John DeweyAlthough primarily addressed to the general reader, the introduction and the last chapters of this work strike straight at reactionary philosophers who obstruct the philosophers who are honest searchers for wisdom.
Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein (Routledge Revivals)
by Norman MalcolmFirst published in 1972, Problems of Mind begins with a consideration of the view that the human mind is an immaterial thing that does not require corporeal embodiment for its operations. It takes up the conception that "inner experiences" are "strictly identical" with brain processes. The book also deals exclusively with the doctrine called "Logical Behaviourism", which will always possess a compelling attraction for anyone who is perplexed by the psychological concepts, who has become aware of the worthlessness of an appeal to introspection as an account of how we learn those concepts, and who has no inclination to identify mind with brain. The three most plausible theories of mind-body dualism, mind-brain monism, and behaviourism are all rejected, and nothing is set forth as the true theory. Norman Malcolm states that this is 'only a drop in the bucket. It will serve its purpose if it leads the reader into the writings of Wittgenstein, who is easily the most important figure in the philosophy of mind.’ Problems of Mind will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of philosophy of mind, ethics, logic, and philosophy in general.
Problems of Philosophy (SparkNotes Philosophy Guide)
by SparkNotesProblems of Philosophy (SparkNotes Philosophy Guide) Making the reading experience fun! SparkNotes Philosophy Guides are one-stop guides to the great works of philosophy–masterpieces that stand at the foundations of Western thought. Inside each Philosophy Guide you&’ll find insightful overviews of great philosophical works of the Western world.
Problems of Religious Diversity (Exploring the Philosophy of Religion #Vol. 1)
by Paul J. GriffithsExploring Religious Diversity analyzes the philosophical questions raised by the fact that many religions in the world often appear to contradict each other in doctrine and practice. Analyzes the philosophical questions raised by the fact that many religions in the world often appear to contradict each other in doctrine and practice. Evaluates the fundamental philosophical underpinnings of the debates between religious and non-religious approaches to religious diversity. Contains a glossary that defines the book's key technical terms and how they are related to one another.
Problems of the Self
by Bernard WilliamsThis is a volume of philosophical studies, centred on problems of personal identity and extending to related topics in the philosophy of mind and moral philosophy.
Procedural Justice and Relational Theory: Empirical, Philosophical, and Legal Perspectives (Routledge Research in Legal Philosophy)
by Denise Meyerson, Catriona Mackenzie, and Therese MacDermottThis book bridges a scholarly divide between empirical and normative theorizing about procedural justice in the context of relations of power between citizens and the state. Empirical research establishes that people’s understanding of procedural justice is shaped by relational factors. A central premise of this volume is that this research is significant but needs to be complemented by normative theorizing that draws on relational theories of ethics and justice to explain the moral significance of procedures and make normative sense of people’s concerns about relational factors. The chapters in Part 1 provide comprehensive reviews of empirical studies of procedural justice in policing, courts and prisons. Part 2 explores empirical and normative perspectives on procedural justice and legitimacy. Part 3 examines philosophical approaches to procedural justice. Part 4 considers the implications of a relational perspective for the design of procedures in a range of legal contexts. This collection will be of interest to a wide academic readership in philosophy, law, psychology and criminology.
Procedural Semantics for Hyperintensional Logic
by Marie Duží Bjorn Jespersen Pavel MaternaThe book is about logical analysis of natural language. Since we humans communicate by means of natural language, we need a tool that helps us to understand in a precise manner how the logical and formal mechanisms of natural language work. Moreover, in the age of computers, we need to communicate both with and through computers as well. Transparent Intensional Logic is a tool that is helpful in making our communication and reasoning smooth and precise. It deals with all kinds of linguistic context in a fully compositional and anti-contextual way.
Procedure in the Canadian House of Commons
by William DawsonProcedure in the Canadian House of Commons is an attempt to survey the whole field of Canadian procedure historically and analytically, to establish what the procedure of the House was in 1867 and to trace its slow development—its evolvement through principles, traditions, rulings, and precedents—to the present time. A particular interest has been taken in depicting how the House operates in practice as compared with how it is believed to operate in theory. Throughout his analysis, Dawson provides insightful criticism and proposals for improvement in the hopes that this book will provide a new perspective on procedure both to those who are caught up in the day-to-day functioning of the House and to those, both in the House and outside it, who are concerned about larger, more distant implications.
Procedures of Resistance: Contents, Positions and the 'Doings' of Literary Theory
by Zrinka Božić Davor Beganović Andrea Milanko Ivana PericaThis volume explores the state of literary theory today, decades after the repeatedly proclaimed end of theory. It builds on the idea that theory is historically constituted as it is “always becoming something else” as Leslie Fiedler claimed in the 1950s, arguing that the historical constitution of theory relies on theory’s procedural nature. In order to assess theory’s procedural challenge to the fundamental notions that all the disciplines within an episteme have brought to the fore, it addresses these questions: What are the procedures theory has relied on? Are they a secret to its resistance, or is resistance its primary procedure? And if so, a resistance to what? Secondly, if resistance were theory’s principal vehicle, at which point does resistance, conceptualized only procedurally (as resisting something, questioning anything, criticizing whatever), display hallmarks of a disciplinary closure that must call for new resistances, and perhapsfor a fundamentally another kind? The book turns to what theory does in order to avoid a partial answer to what theory is.
Proceedings of 27th International Symposium on Frontiers of Research in Speech and Music: FRSM 2023 (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing #1455)
by Keikichi Hirose Shankha Sanyal Deepak JoshiThis book features original papers from 27th International Symposium on Frontiers of Research in Speech and Music (FRSM 2023), jointly organized by Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India, and Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, during 4–5 August 2023. The book is organized into four main sections, considering both technological advancement and interdisciplinary nature of speech, music, language and their applications. The first section includes chapters related to computational, modelling and cognitive aspects of the speech signal. The second part contains chapters covering the foundations of both vocal and instrumental music processing with the signal, computational and cognitive aspects. The third section relates to the variety of research being done in the peripheral areas of languages and linguistics with special focus on regional languages of India. A lot of research is being performed within the speech and music information retrieval domain which is potentially interesting for most users of computers and the Internet. Therefore, the fourth and final section is dedicated to the chapters related to multidisciplinary applications of speech and music signal processing.
Proceedings of The 7th International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research #694)
by Iana Roumbal Olga ChistyakovaThis is an open access book. The aim of the Conference is to provide a shared platform for academics, scholars, PhD students, and graduate students with different cultural backgrounds to present and discuss research, developments and innovations in the fields of contemporary education, social sciences and humanities are referred with the understanding of the Human being.Papers concerning education, philosophy, philosophical anthropology, sociology, theory and history of culture, epistemology, religions, ethics are strongly related with analyzing of the Human being will be considered. Interdisciplinary approach and comparative perspective are encouraged.
Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on International Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities (Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research #678)
by Daniel H. Mutibwa Paulo Carlos López-López Daniel Barredo-Ibáñez Farrah BérubéThis is an open access book. CISOC’2022 – The 2022 International Conference on International Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities, invites the entire scientific, academic and professional community to present their contributions, which can be written in French, English, Spanish or Portuguese. All papers (full articles) will be submitted to a “double-blind review” by at least two members of the Scientific Committee, based on relevance, originality, importance and clarity. The papers presented must bring discussions on actual theoretical, or methodological, or empirical workshop proposals around Social Sciences and Humanities. The topics proposed for the Conference are related to: Psychology, Education, History, Linguistics and language, Political science, Religious studies, Philosophy, Globalization, Humanities, Archaeology, Anthropology, Inter-cultural studies, Development, Geography, Library and Information Sciences.
Proceedings of the 2nd Padang International Conference on Educational Management and Administration 2021 (Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research #683)
by Sulastri Sulastri Havid Ardi Zadrian Ardi Mohd Izham bin HJ Mohd HamzahThis is an open access book.2nd PICEMA invites academic practitioners, university lecturers and students, independent scholars and researchers to present their research abstracts and papers. Contributions on unpublished results of empirical and experimental research in areas of educational management are cordially invited for presentation. The aims of this conference are: Sharing and discussing critical issues in educational management by stakeholders, lecturers, practitioners, students, researchers or stakeholders.Identifying various policies in the field of education management to produce quality education.Discussing various innovations, practical challenges and the best solutions in education managementGathering scientists and educational experts in scientific forums.Providing some opportunities for innovators to produce various educational technologies.
Proceedings of the 3rd International Halal Conference (INHAC #2016)
by Nurhidayah Muhammad Hashim Nur Nafhatun Md Shariff Siti Fatahiah Mahamood Hanifah Musa Fathullah Harun Mohd Solahuddin Shahruddin Azri BhariThis book contains selected papers which were presented at the 3rd International Halal Conference (INHAC 2016), organized by the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia. It addresses halal-related issues that are applicable to various industries and explores a variety of contemporary and emerging issues. Highlighting findings from both scientific and social research studies, it enhances the discussion on the halal industry (both in Malaysia and at the international level), and serves as an invitation to engage in more advanced research on the global halal industry.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Innovation on Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences (Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research #710)
by Dyah Mutiarin Achmad Nurmandi Arie Kusuma Paksi Zain RafiqueThis is an open access book.This proceeding consists of research presented in ICOSI UMY, on 20-21 July 2022 at Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. The conference covers the topic of governance, international relations, law, education, humanities, and social sciences. The COVID-19 pandemic first time that occurred in 2019, has brought many changes that constrain all countries to adapt quickly. The crisis has shown vulnerabilities and gaps in several primary systems, including healthcare, social protection, education, value chains, production networks, financial markets, and the ecosystem.One of the efforts that each country can take to rise from the COVID-19 pandemic is through strengthening multilateralism, international solidarity, and global partnerships. Hence, this conference raises the central theme “Strengthening Global Partnership for Resilience.” This theme covers sub-themes that allow prospective scholars to submit their papers for ‘Virtual Conferences’ presentation under the following scopes: Social Sciences, Humanities, Educations, and Religious Studies. Presented papers will also get a chance to be published in our remarkable partner publishers. Through the International Symposium on Social, Humanities, Education, and Religious Studies (ISSHERS) and Asian Conference on Comparative Laws (Asian-COL), we hope that participants will express their innovative and creative ideas to provide benefits and contribute knowledge to strengthen global partnerships among countries.Finally, all 75 papers published in this proceedings are expected not only as research output but can be developed further into prototypes or evidence for policy making.
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2: Science And Technology
by Rizauddin Saian Mohd Azwan AbbasThis book examines how business, the social sciences, science and technology will impact the future of ASEAN. Following the ASEAN VISION 2020, it analyses the issues faced by ASEAN countries, which are diverse, while also positioning ASEAN as a competitive entity through partnerships. On the 30th anniversary of ASEAN, all ASEAN leaders agreed to the establishment of the ASEAN VISION 2020, which delineates the formation of a peaceful, stable and dynamically developed region while maintaining a community of caring societies in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia. In keeping with this aspiration, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis took the initial steps to organise conferences and activities that highlight the role of the ASEAN region. The Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 was organised by the Office of Academic Affairs, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perlis, to promote more comprehensive integration among ASEAN members. This book, divided into two volumes, offers a useful guide for all those engaged in research on business, the social sciences, science and technology. It will also benefit researchers worldwide who want to gain more knowledge about ASEAN countries
Process Approaches to Consciousness in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Philosophy of Mind (SUNY series in Philosophy)
by Michel Weber Anderson WeekesThis collection opens a dialogue between process philosophy and contemporary consciousness studies. Approaching consciousness from diverse disciplinary perspectives—philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, neuropathology, psychotherapy, biology, animal ethology, and physics—the contributors offer empirical and philosophical support for a model of consciousness inspired by the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). Whitehead's model is developed in ways he could not have anticipated to show how it can advance current debates beyond well-known sticking points. This has trenchant consequences for epistemology and suggests fresh and promising new perspectives on such topics as the mind-body problem, the neurobiology of consciousness, animal consciousness, the evolution of consciousness, panpsychism, the unity of consciousness, epiphenomenalism, free will, and causation.
Process Cosmology: New Integrations in Science and Philosophy (Palgrave Perspectives on Process Philosophy)
by Andrew M. Davis Maria-Teresa Teixeira Wm. Andrew SchwartzThis book newly articulates the international and interdisciplinary reach of Whitehead’s organic process cosmology for a variety of topics across science and philosophy, and in dialogue with a variety historical and contemporary voices. Integrating Whitehead’s thought with the insights of Bergson, James, Pierce, Merleau-Ponty, Descola, Fuchs, Hofmann, Grof and many others, contributors from around the world reveal the relevance of process philosophy to physics, cosmology, astrobiology, ecology, metaphysics, aesthetics, psychedelics, and religion. A global collection, this book expresses multivocal possibilities for the development of process cosmology after Whitehead.
Process Metaphysics and Mutative Life: Sketches of Lived Time (Palgrave Perspectives on Process Philosophy)
by Wahida KhandkerThis book provides a survey of key process-philosophical approaches that, in conversation with selected concepts across the biological and physical sciences, help us to think about living processes, or ‘lived time,’ at different scales of functioning. The first part is written from an opening perspective on the question of the differing scales of analysis provided by Alfred North Whitehead. In particular, his interest in questions arising from the quantum mechanical reconciliation with classical mechanics informs the first two chapters that address problematic categorizations of life as variously ‘despotic,’ ‘invasive,’ or as primitive (in the radically more-than-human case of micro-organisms), whose potential recategorization relies on our willingness to acknowledge changes in value depending on the scale at which we view them. The second part of the book concerns methodologies, in the light of works by Henri Bergson, whose intertwining concerns with epistemology and ontology in his theories of mind and life serve as a model for a process philosophy of biology. The chapters focus on techniques used across philosophy and the sciences to visualize processes that are otherwise unavailable to us due to the limitations of our perceptual faculties, no matter how sophisticated the tools for analysis, from microscopes to telescopes, have become. This book concludes with a consideration of the relations between parts and wholes in process, panpsychist, and ecological terms. It revisits the question of ecological balance and the place of human activities in relation to it, with reference to works of Charles Hartshorne and William James.
Process Tracing
by Andrew Bennett Jeffrey T. CheckelAdvances in qualitative methods and recent developments in the philosophy of science have led to an emphasis on explanation via reference to causal mechanisms. This book argues that the method known as process tracing is particularly well suited to developing and assessing theories about such mechanisms. The editors begin by establishing a philosophical basis for process tracing - one that captures mainstream uses while simultaneously being open to applications by interpretive scholars. Equally important, they go on to establish best practices for individual process-tracing accounts - how micro to go, when to start (and stop), and how to deal with the problem of equifinality. The contributors then explore the application of process tracing across a range of subfields and theories in political science. This is an applied methods book which seeks to shrink the gap between the broad assertion that 'process tracing is good' and the precise claim 'this is an instance of good process tracing'.