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Svatantrika-Prasangika Distinction
by Georges B.J. Dreyfus L. Sara McclintockMadhyamaka, or "Middle Way," philosophy came to Tibet from India and became the basis of all of Tibetan Buddhism. The Tibetans, however, differentiated two streams of Madhyamaka philosophy--Svatantrika and Prasangika. In this collection, leading scholars in the field address the distinction on various levels, including the philosophical import for both Indian and Tibetan Madhyamaka and the historical development of the distinction itself.
Swami Vivekananda: A Contemporary Reader
by Makarand R. ParanjapeSwami Vivekananda (1863–1902) popularised Vedanta in the West and reformed Hinduism in India. He also inspired the mass movement that made India a modern nation. In showcasing his life and work, this Reader balances the two main aspects of his life: the religious and the secular, the spiritual and the practical, the devotional and the rational. Included here are the most significant and representative texts from every major genre and phase — selections from his speeches, essays, letters, poems, translations, conversations, and interviews — arranged for easy reading and reference. With a scholarly Introduction highlighting his contemporary relevance, separate section introductions and a detailed biographical Chronology, this volume provides a rare insight into one of India’s greatest minds. This volume will interest scholars and students of modern Indian history, religion, literature, and philosophy as well as general readers.
Sway: The Irresistible Pull of Irrational Behavior
by Ori Brafman Rom BrafmanWhat makes people act irrationally? This brilliant book shows how people do things against their best interests.
Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness
by Daniel C. DennettSweet Dreams is a collection of essays and lectures written between 1999 and 2005 in which Dennett tries to freeze time and present a 'best' version of his evolving ideas...
Sweet Dreams: Philosophical Obstacles to a Science of Consciousness (Jean Nicod Lectures)
by Daniel C. DennettIn the years since Daniel Dennett's influential Consciousness Explained was published in 1991, scientific research on consciousness has been a hotly contested battleground of rival theories—"so rambunctious," Dennett observes, "that several people are writing books just about the tumult." With Sweet Dreams, Dennett returns to the subject for "revision and renewal" of his theory of consciousness, taking into account major empirical advances in the field since 1991 as well as recent theoretical challenges.In Consciousness Explained, Dennett proposed to replace the ubiquitous but bankrupt Cartesian Theater model (which posits a privileged place in the brain where "it all comes together" for the magic show of consciousness) with the Multiple Drafts Model. Drawing on psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, he asserted that human consciousness is essentially the mental software that reorganizes the functional architecture of the brain. In Sweet Dreams, he recasts the Multiple Drafts Model as the "fame in the brain" model, as a background against which to examine the philosophical issues that "continue to bedevil the field."With his usual clarity and brio, Dennett enlivens his arguments with a variety of vivid examples. He isolates the "Zombic Hunch" that distorts much of the theorizing of both philosophers and scientists, and defends heterophenomenology, his "third-person" approach to the science of consciousness, against persistent misinterpretations and objections. The old challenge of Frank Jackson's thought experiment about Mary the color scientist is given a new rebuttal in the form of "RoboMary," while his discussion of a famous card trick, "The Tuned Deck," is designed to show that David Chalmers's Hard Problem is probably just a figment of theorists' misexploited imagination. In the final essay, the "intrinsic" nature of "qualia" is compared with the naively imagined "intrinsic value" of a dollar in "Consciousness—How Much is That in Real Money?"
Sweet Reason
by James M. Henle Jay L. Garfield Thomas TymoczkoSweet Reason: A Field Guide to Modern Logic, 2nd Edition offers an innovative, friendly, and effective introduction to logic. It integrates formal first order, modal, and non-classical logic with natural language reasoning, analytical writing, critical thinking, set theory, and the philosophy of logic and mathematics. An innovative introduction to the field of logic designed to entertain as it informs Integrates formal first order, modal, and non-classical logic with natural language reasoning, analytical writing, critical thinking, set theory, and the philosophy of logic and mathematics Addresses contemporary applications of logic in fields such as computer science and linguistics A web-site (www. wiley. com/go/henle) linked to the text features numerous supplemental exercises and examples, enlightening puzzles and cartoons, and insightful essays
Sweetening and Intensification: Currents Shaping Hindu Practices (SUNY series in Hindu Studies)
by Xenia Zeiler Amy L. AlloccoExplores how these two currents are shaping the contours of contemporary Hindu worship, myth, and visual and material culture in contemporary South Asia and its diasporas.This volume focuses on two alternately converging and diverging currents that increasingly shape Hindu traditions—namely, sweetening and intensification. Sweetening is understood here to include the softening of deities' iconographies, the standardization of religious narratives, and the sanitization of ritual practices. Alongside this current exists intensification, which is understood as an insistence on the continuing relevance of rigorous, visceral, and frequently stigmatized practices and beliefs, often in response to new circumstances and challenges. This volume emphasizes an inclusive approach by bringing these two currents into sustained conversation. As Hindu traditions are increasingly expanding into new settings, including but not limited to new diaspora and new media contexts, the long-established yet ever changing scale of sweet/neutral/spicy unfolds in new ways, as well. The essays in this volume delineate these developments across diverse Hindu geographic, linguistic, ethnic, and social contexts; textual and theological traditions; and ritual and media formats. Indeed, the volume's multidisciplinary approach shows how these processes intersect with and even drive contemporary (re)negotiations, (re)interpretations, and (re)constructions of Hindu deities, practices, narratives, and symbols.
Swimming Against the Current In Contemporary Philosophy: Occasional Essays and Papers (Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy)
by Henry B. VeatchCollected essays of Prof. Henry B. Veatch, distinguished philosopher and teacher. Examines a variety of topics, including the works of Quine, Rorty, Gewirth, and Finnis as well as a variety of topics such as ethical egoism, libertarianism, the works of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas, ethics, the study of the humanities, and the nature of natural law.
Swinging and Rolling: Unveiling Galileo's unorthodox path from a challenging problem to a new science (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #335)
by Jochen BüttnerThis volume explores the reorganisation of knowledge taking place in the course of Galileo's research process extending over a period of more than thirty years, pursued within a network of exchanges with his contemporaries, and documented by a vast collection of research notes. It has revealed the challenging objects that motivated and shaped Galileo's thinking and closely followed the knowledge reorganization engendered by theses challenges. It has thus turned out, for example, that the problem of reducing the properties of pendulum motion to the laws governing naturally accelerated motion on inclined planes was the mainspring for the formation of Galileo's comprehensive theory of naturally accelerated motion.
Sword and Brush: The Spirit of the Martial Arts
by Dave LowryThis moment of perfect clarity that is the force behind all the traditional Japanese arts--from archery to flower arranging--is celebrated here in Dave Lowry's exploration of the common principles shared by calligraphy and the martial arts. Forty-two examples of Lowry's calligraphy, accompanied by his essays, show how the way of the brush reflects the strategic principles of the way of the sword. Each calligraphy represents a term from the martial arts--such as do, the way, or wa, harmony. The accompanying text amplifies our understanding of the term, what it meant to Japanese warriors, and what it means to practitioners of calligraphy and the martial arts today. What becomes clear is that these two seemingly unrelated disciplines actually partake of the same profound elemental spirit.
Syllabus: The Remarkable, Unremarkable Document That Changes Everything (Skills for Scholars)
by William Germano Kit NichollsHow redesigning your syllabus can transform your teaching, your classroom, and the way your students learnGenerations of teachers have built their classes around the course syllabus, a semester-long contract that spells out what each class meeting will focus on (readings, problem sets, case studies, experiments), and what the student has to turn in by a given date. But what does that way of thinking about the syllabus leave out—about our teaching and, more importantly, about our students’ learning?In Syllabus, William Germano and Kit Nicholls take a fresh look at this essential but almost invisible bureaucratic document and use it as a starting point for rethinking what students—and teachers—do. What if a teacher built a semester’s worth of teaching and learning backward—starting from what students need to learn to do by the end of the term, and only then selecting and arranging the material students need to study?Thinking through the lived moments of classroom engagement—what the authors call “coursetime”—becomes a way of striking a balance between improv and order. With fresh insights and concrete suggestions, Syllabus shifts the focus away from the teacher to the work and growth of students, moving the classroom closer to the genuinely collaborative learning community we all want to create.
Symbol and Intuition: Comparative Studies in Kantian and Romantic-period Aesthetics
by Helmut Huehn"That a symbolic object or work of art participates in what it signifies, as a part within a whole, was a controversial claim discussed with particular intensity in the wake of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Judgment. It informed the aesthetic theories of a constellation of writers in Jena and Weimar around 1800, including Moritz, Goethe, Schelling and Hegel. Yet the twin concepts of symbol and intuition were not only tools of literary and mythological criticism: they were integral even to questions of epistemology and methodology in the fields of theology, metaphysics, history and natural philosophy. The international contributors to this volume further explore how both the explanatory potential and peculiar dissatisfactions of the symbol entered the Anglo-American discourse, focusing on Coleridge, Crabb Robinson and Emerson. Contemporary debates about the claims of symbolic as opposed to allegorical art are kept in view throughout."
Symbolic Distance: In Relation to Analogy and Fiction (Routledge Revivals)
by S. BuchananFirst Published in 1932 Symbolic Distance presents the grammatical account of the structure of symbols and the description of the field within which fictions arise. The author argues that it seems improbable that distance should become an exact technical term in art criticism as long as the divorce between works of art and symbols is maintained. The book discusses important themes such as the analysis of fictions, genesis of fictions, and reduction of fictions. This is an interesting read for students of English literature.
Symbolic Logic (Palgrave Philosophy Today)
by Odysseus MakridisThis book provides a comprehensive introduction to the essential elements of standard (classical) symbolic logic. Key topics covered include: · The characteristic nature and scope of logic as a discipline · The construction of a series of distinctly named formal languages suitable for formal translation · Semantic models · The construction of decision procedures · The execution of proof-theoretic arrangements like natural deduction and proof-sequent systems The book covers both the semantics and proof theory of the standard sentential (propositional) logic and predicate (first-order) logic. Other topics covered include: parsing trees, extraction of alternative notations (for instance, Polish notation), Fitch-style proof-theory, sequent and ‘tree’ proof systems, comparisons and contrasts with intuitionistic logic, and presentations of predicate logic models. An ancillary chapter on elements of set theory is conveniently placed at the end and includes insights into the Zermelo-Fraenkel systematization of set theory. The philosophy of logic is also explored. Exercises in the text provide instruction on mathematical induction for the construction of formula, tests for the well-formedness of Polish notation, and functional completeness. Symbolic Logic is essential reading for all philosophy students taking intermediate level formal logic courses and will also appeal to diligent first year students of logic. The text is replete with exercises on both the formal machinery and the philosophical aspects of logic.
Symbolic Power, Politics, and Intellectuals: The Political Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu
by David SwartzPower is the central organizing principle of all social life, from culture and education to stratification and taste. And there is no more prominent name in the analysis of power than that of noted sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Throughout his career, Bourdieu challenged the commonly held view that symbolic power--the power to dominate--is solely symbolic. He emphasized that symbolic power helps create and maintain social hierarchies, which form the very bedrock of political life. By the time of his death in 2002, Bourdieu had become a leading public intellectual, and his argument about the more subtle and influential ways that cultural resources and symbolic categories prevail in power arrangements and practices had gained broad recognition. In Symbolic Power, Politics, and Intellectuals, David L. Swartz delves deeply into Bourdieu's work to show how central--but often overlooked--power and politics are to an understanding of sociology. Arguing that power and politics stand at the core of Bourdieu's sociology, Swartz illuminates Bourdieu's political project for the social sciences, as well as Bourdieu's own political activism, explaining how sociology is not just science but also a crucial form of political engagement.
Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty
by Sébastien Destercke Thierry DenoeuxThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2015, held in Compiègne, France, in July 2015. The 49 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 69 submissions and cover topics on decision theory and preferences; argumentation; conditionals; game theory; belief update; classification; inconsistency; graphical models; Bayesian networks; belief functions; logic; and probabilistic graphical models for scalable data analytics. Papers come from researchers interested in advancing the technology and from practitioners using uncertainty techniques in real-world applications. The scope of the ECSQARU conferences encompasses fundamental issues, representation, inference, learning, and decision making in qualitative and numeric uncertainty paradigms.
Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty: 17th European Conference, ECSQARU 2023, Arras, France, September 19–22, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14294)
by Zied Bouraoui Srdjan VesicThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2023, held in Arras, France, in September 2023. The 35 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 46 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections about Complexity and Database Theory; Formal Concept Analysis: Theoretical Advances; Formal Concept Analysis: Applications; Modelling and Explanation; Semantic Web and Graphs; Posters.
Symbolic and the Real: A New Psychological Approach to the Fuller Experience of Personal Existence
by Ira ProgoffIn this book the advanced conceptions of depth psychology are brought to bear upon the fundamental human problems of modern civilization. Dr. Progoff points out that one precondition for a significant development of creative personality is an expanded perception of reality beyond the current intellectual boundaries. It is not à question of ideas about what is real, but of the relation to reality that an individual can know in the depth and fullness of his personal existence. The focus of this book is a description and demonstration of how the capacities and sensitivities of modern persons can be enlarged so that they can relate their lives more fully to ultimate dimensions of reality.Dr. Progoff’s work as psychotherapist and lecturer, as Director of the Institute for Research in Depth Psychology at the Graduate School of Drew University, and as Founder/Director of Dialogue House, has led to major new techniques which are used both in resolving social problems and in enlarging spiritual awareness. The core of his work is contained in a trilogy of basic books. The Death and Rebirth of Psychology, the first of these, crystallizes the work of the great historical figures in depth psychology and sets the foundation for a new psychology of personal growth; Depth Psychology and Modern Man presents the evolutionary and philosophical perspectives and formulates basic concepts which make creative experience possible; and the third book; The Symbolic and the Real, pursues the practical and religious implications of these ideas. Dr. Progoff is also the author of Jung’s Psychology and Its Social Meaning and Jung, Synchronicity, and Human Destiny.“Dr. Progoff is not content with an analysis of the present crisis in human consciousness, but is more deeply concerned with the discovery of a way by which the individual may fulfill his responsibilities as a human being....This book is a frontier assault.”—Main Currents in Modern Thought
Symbols and Legitimacy in Soviet Politics
by Graeme GillSymbols and Legitimacy in Soviet Politics analyses the way in which Soviet symbolism and ritual changed from the regime's birth in 1917 to its fall in 1991. Graeme Gill focuses on the symbolism in party policy and leaders' speeches, artwork and political posters, and urban redevelopment, and on ritual in the political system. He shows how this symbolism and ritual were worked into a dominant metanarrative which underpinned Soviet political development. Gill also shows how, in each of these spheres, the images changed both over the life of the regime and during particular stages: the Leninist era metanarrative differed from that of the Stalin period, which differed from that of the Khrushchev and Brezhnev periods, which was, in turn, changed significantly under Gorbachev. In charting this development, the book lays bare the dynamics of the Soviet regime and a major reason for its fall.
Symmetry: A Journey into the Patterns of Nature
by Marcus Du SautoyA mathematician takes us on “a pilgrimage through the uncanny world of symmetry [in] a dramatically presented and polished treasure of theories” (Kirkus Reviews).Symmetry is all around us. Of fundamental significance to the way we interpret the world, this unique, pervasive phenomenon indicates a dynamic relationship between objects. Combining a rich historical narrative with his own personal journey as a mathematician, Marcus du Sautoy—a writer “able to engage general readers in the cerebral dramas of pure mathematics” (Booklist)—takes a unique look into the mathematical mind as he explores deep conjectures about symmetry and brings us face-to-face with the oddball mathematicians, both past and present, who have battled to understand symmetry’s elusive qualities.“The author takes readers gently by the hand and leads them elegantly through some steep and rocky terrain as he explains the various kinds of symmetry and the objects they swirl around. Du Sautoy explains how this twirling world of geometric figures has strange but marvelous connections to number theory, and how the ultimate symmetrical object, nicknamed the Monster, is related to string theory. This book is also a memoir in which du Sautoy describes a mathematician’s life and how one makes a discovery in these strange lands. He also blends in minibiographies of famous figures like Galois, who played significant roles in this field.” —Publishers Weekly“Fascinating and absorbing.” —The Economist“Impressively, he conveys the thrill of grasping the mathematics that lurk in the tile work of the Alhambra, or in palindromes, or in French mathematician Évariste Galois’s discovery of the interactions between the symmetries in a group.” —Kirkus Reviews
Sympathy in Perception
by Kalderon Mark EliThe philosophy of perception has been an important topic throughout history, appealing to thinkers in antiquity and the middle ages as well as to figures such as Kant, Bergson and others. In this wide-ranging study, Mark Eli Kalderon presents multiple perspectives on the general nature of perception, discussing touch and hearing as well as vision. He draws on the rich history of the subject and shows how analytic and continental approaches to it are connected, providing readers with insights from both traditions and arguing for new orientations when thinking about the presentation of perception. His discussion addresses issues including tactile metaphors, sympathy in relation to the concept of fellow-feeling, and the Wave Theory of sound. His comprehensive and thoughtful study presents bold and systematic investigations into current theory, informed by centuries of philosophical enquiry, and will be important for those working on ontological and metaphysical aspects of perception and feeling.
Symposium
by Plato Paul Woodruff Alexander NehamasA model of the kind of text one needs for lecture courses: the translation is extremely readable and made even more accessible by intelligent printing decisions (on dividing the text, spacing for clarification, etc.); the notes are kept to a minimum but appear when they are really needed for comprehension and are truly informative. And the introduction admirably presents both basic information and a sense of current scholarly opinion.
Symposium
by Richard Ellis Simon RavenscroftPlato’s Symposium, composed in the early fourth century BC, demonstrates how powerful the skills of reasoning and evaluation can be. Known to philosophers for its seminal discussion of the relationship of love to knowledge, it is also a classic text for demonstrating the two critical thinking skills that define Plato’s whole body of work. Plato’s philosophical technique of dialogue is the perfect frame for producing arguments and presenting a persuasive case for a given point of view, and at the same time judging the strength of arguments, their relevance and their acceptability. Staging a fictional debate between characters (wealthy Athenians at a dinner party) who must respond in turn to each others’ arguments and points of view means that, at every stage, Plato evaluates the previous argument, assesses its strength and relevance, and then proceeds (through the next character) to reason out a new argument in response. Exerting unparalleled influence on the techniques of philosophical thought, Plato’s use of dialogue is a supreme example of these two crucial critical thinking skills.
Symposium (Hackett Classics)
by Plato Paul Woodruff Alexander NehamasA model of the kind of text one needs for lecture courses: the translation is extremely readable and made even more accessible by intelligent printing decisions (on dividing the text, spacing for clarification, etc.); the notes are kept to a minimum but appear when they are really needed for comprehension and are truly informative. And the introduction admirably presents both basic information and a sense of current scholarly opinion. --S. G. Nugent, Princeton University
Symposium (Oxford World's Classics)
by Plato Robin WaterfieldIn his celebrated masterpiece, Symposium, Plato imagines a high-society dinner-party in Athens in 416 BC. The guests--including the comic poet Aristophanes and Plato's mentor Socrates--each deliver a short speech in praise of love. The sequence of dazzling speeches culminates in Socrates' famous account of the views of Diotima, a prophetess who taught him that love is our means of trying to attain goodness, and a brilliant sketch of Socrates himself by a drunken Alcibiades, the most popular and notorious Athenian of the time. Engaging the reader on every page, this new translation conveys the power, humor, and pathos of Plato's creation and is complemented by full explanatory notes and an illuminating introduction. <p><p> About the Series: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the broadest spectrum of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, voluminous notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.