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Wider den Reduktionismus: Ausgewählte Beiträge zum Kurt Gödel Preis 2019
by Oliver Passon Christoph BenzmüllerDie Autorinnen und Autoren präsentieren in diesem Buch Argumente, die die Unmöglichkeit des Reduktionismus aus philosophischer, naturwissenschaftlicher bzw. mathematisch-logischer Perspektive zu begründen suchen. Der Reduktionismus behauptet, dass Eigenschaften auch von komplexen Systemen (bis hin zu Lebensvorgängen und menschlichem Bewusstsein) vollständig auf ihre Bestandteile zurückgeführt werden können. Diese Position ist einflussreich, aber umstritten. Im Jahr 2019 hat der Kurt Gödel Freundeskreis einen Essaywettbewerb veranstaltet, um schlagende Argumente gegen den Reduktionismus zu finden. Unter den internationalen Teilnehmern waren neben weltweit führenden Forschern auch Wissenschaftler, die noch am Beginn ihrer Kariere stehen. Dieser Band versammelt die Beiträge der Preisträger und weitere ausgewählte Aufsätze. Aus dem Inhalt: · Kausalität als antireduktionistisches Hausmittel – Martin Breul · Reduktionismus im Diskurs – Hanna Hueske · Monads, Types, and Branching Time – Kurt Gödel’s approach towards a theory of the soul – Tim Lethen · The limits of reductionism: thought, life, and reality – Jesse M. Mulder · True or Rational? A Problem for a Mind-Body Reductionist – Michał Pawłowski · Why reductionism does not work – George F. R. Ellis · Physik ohne Reduktion – Rico Gutschmidt · Is there an Axiom for everything? – Jean-Yves Béziau · Unerklärliche Wahrheiten – Marco Hausmann · Gödel, mathematischer Realismus und Antireduktionismus – Reinhard Kahle
Wider die Borniertheit und den Chauvinismus – mit Paul K. Feyerabend durch absurde Zeiten
by Wolfgang FrindteAnlässlich seines 100. Geburtstages wird an Paul K. Feyerabend erinnert; es werden seine Ideen diskutiert und es wird gefragt, inwieweit diese geeignet sind, aktuelle Geschehnisse und Konflikte zu beurteilen.
Wie berechenbar ist unsere Welt: Herausforderungen Für Mathematik, Informatik Und Philosophie Im Zeitalter Der Digitalisierung (Essentials)
by Klaus MainzerKlaus Mainzer legt in diesem essential dar, dass die Zukunft von KI und Digitalisierung eine nüchterne Analyse erfordert, die Grundlagenforschung mit Anwendung verbindet. Berechenbarkeits- und Beweistheorie können dazu beitragen, Big Data und Machine Learning sicherer zu bewältigen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die komplexen Herausforderungen der digitalen und analogen Welt in Grundlagenfragen der Mathematik, Informatik und Philosophie tief verwurzelt sind.
Wie Corona Afrika verändert: Ein entwicklungspolitischer Überblick (essentials)
by Wolff-Christian Peters Rainer TetzlaffDie wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und politischen Folgen der Corona-Pandemie werden in diesem essential analysiert. Drei Fallstudien (Äthiopien, Sambia und Südafrika) zeigen die Versäumnisse der Regierungspolitik. Zur Sprache kommen Fragen der Impfstoffbeschaffung und der Zukunft von Gesellschaften, die schon heute unter Hunger, Arbeitslosigkeit und der Perspektivlosigkeit einer verzweifelten Jugend leidet. Der Migrationsdruck wächst.
Wie der Mensch seine Welt neu erschaffen hat
by Ernst Peter Fischer"Wissenschaft wird von Menschen gemacht" Mit diesem Zitat des Physikers und Humanisten Werner Heisenberg leitet Ernst Peter Fischer sein Buch über die "zweite Erschaffung der Welt" ein. Seiner Auffassung nach nehmen wir diesen einfachen und an sich selbstverständlichen Satz nicht zur Kenntnis und ernst, wie die Naturforscher mit ihren naturwissenschaftlichen und medizinischen Erträgen seit dem 17. Jahrhundert maßgeblich ihr und damit unser aller gegenwärtiges Leben geprägt und praktisch gestaltet haben. Er schreibt: "Tatsächlich ist es so, dass sich europäische Gesellschaften - nicht zuletzt die deutsche - im frühen 21. Jahrhundert nahezu vollständig und unumkehrbar in Abhängigkeit von wissenschaftlich-technischen Fortschritten etwa bei der Ressourcennutzung, der Energiegewinnung, der Krankenversorgung oder der Kommunikation entfaltet haben. Und ihre Geschichte - ihr Vorwärtsstreben in die derzeitige Lage und ihr Aussehen - kann man nur verstehen, wenn man die dazugehörige Dynamik berücksichtigt, wenn man also die Geschichte der Wissenschaften und der mit ihren Kenntnissen möglichen Technik zur Kenntnis nimmt, die in ihrer relevanten und aktuellen Form im frühen 17. Jahrhundert begonnen und den europäischen Sonderweg zum Wohlstand bereitet hat, den viele Millionen Menschen ganz selbstverständlich in wachsender Zahl genießen, ohne zu fragen, woher er kommt und welchen Ideen sie ihn zu verdanken haben."
Wie Mathematiker ticken
by David RuelleDer renommierte mathematische Physiker David Ruelle schildert in dem Buch seine persönlichen Erfahrungen mit berühmten Mathematikern, deren Eigenarten und persönliche Tragödien - aber auch die erhabene Schönheit ihrer Entdeckungen. Jedes Kapitel stellt eine herausragende mathematische Idee und den visionären Verstand dahinter vor. Dabei gibt der Autor Einblick in die einzigartige Denkweise von Mathematikern und zeigt, weshalb er ihre Herangehensweise, um Fragen nach Sinn, Schönheit und Natur der Wirklichkeit zu diskutieren, für die beste hält.
Wie soll das Volk entscheiden?: Chancen, Risiken und Voraussetzungen der direkten Demokratie
by Heike Walterscheid Thomas PetersenDieses Buch beleuchtet aus interdisziplinärer und ländervergleichender Perspektive, unter welchen Bedingungen direkte Demokratie funktionieren kann, wo ihre Chancen und Risiken liegen und welche Rolle dabei die politische Bildung, die politische Kulturtradition eines Landes, der Zusammenhang von Entscheidung und Verantwortung und der Grad der Kleinräumigkeit und Dezentralität der Entscheidungsstrukturen spielt. Ausdrücklich wird weder für noch gegen die direkte Demokratie plädiert, sondern das Thema unvoreingenommen und mit der Gründlichkeit behandelt, die die öffentliche Diskussion über plebiszitäre Elemente in der Politik meistens vermissen lässt.
Wie Wissenschaft Länder, Gesellschaften, Religionen vereint: Ein Überblick für Wissenschaftler und Politiker (essentials)
by Heiko HerwaldUnsere heutige Welt ist geprägt von einer rasanten technologischen Entwicklung. Die daraus resultierende digitale Reizüberflutung, das unermessliche Sammeln von Daten und die Entwicklung von Algorithmen, die für uns jetzt schon Entscheidungen übernehmen, haben das Wertesystem der Menschen verändert. Anhand des Höhlengleichnisses von Platon beschreibt der Autor, wieso der Mensch seine Unabhängigkeit aufgibt und er sich von einem Homo sapiens zu einem Homo accumulans (speichernder Mensch) entwickelt hat. Er zeigt auf, warum Paradigmenwechsel in Religion, Politik und Wissenschaft für die Weiterentwicklung der Menschheit von großer Bedeutung waren und wieso dies für die Wissenschaft auch weiterhin notwendig sein wird, um Lösungen für globale Probleme zu entwickeln.
Wigrum
by Daniel Canty Oana AvasilichioaeiEnd of October 1944. Sebastian Wigrum absconds from his London flat. Very little is known about him, except his intense curiosity about the world and perhaps his disillusionment in love. The legacy of this man, who lived to collect has left in his wake an inventory of some hundred objects, which shed light on the history of our time.
Wild and Free Handcrafts AFF: 32 Activities to Build Confidence, Creativity, and Skill (Wild and Free)
by Ainsley ArmentThe companion to The Call of the Wild + Free: styled in the lush aesthetic of the Wild + Free brand, a four-color book offering crafts, activities, and essays, that parents, educators, and caregivers can use to inspire their children.Wild + Free Handcrafts is a beautiful, four-color resource book for parents, educators, and caregivers to enjoy doing hands-on activities with kids. A handcraft engages one’s hands, requires a level of learned skill, encourages children to do their best work, and produces an end product that is useful. It has been used in homeschool settings for decades as one way to encourage them to work with their hands and discover a skillful craft they love to practice. It also is a great way for traditionally educated kids who are home for the summer, or in afterschool programs, or with their families on the weekends, to do fun activities that will stimulate their imaginations and creativity. This book will feature crafts such as:Felted acornsPaper beadsNature wreathsCocoa mint lip balmWoven willow hearts Finger knit bracelets Eco-dyed kitchen towels Fairy tale treehouse Flower crowns Bug hotel With the same lush photography as The Call of the Wild + Free, this book includes step-by-step pictures that show parents how to do the craft, and essays on the usefulness and purpose of handcrafts as a tool to spark children’s curiosity and wonder.
Wild Animal Ethics: The Moral and Political Problem of Wild Animal Suffering
by Kyle JohannsenThough many ethicists have the intuition that we should leave nature alone, Kyle Johannsen argues that we have a duty to research safe ways of providing large-scale assistance to wild animals. Using concepts from moral and political philosophy to analyze the issue of wild animal suffering (WAS), Johannsen explores how a collective, institutional obligation to assist wild animals should be understood. He claims that with enough research, genetic editing may one day give us the power to safely intervene without perpetually interfering with wild animals’ liberties. Questions addressed include: In what way is nature valuable and is intervention compatible with that value? Is intervention a requirement of justice? What are the implications of WAS for animal rights advocacy? What types of intervention are promising? Expertly moving the debate about human relations with wild animals beyond its traditional confines, Wild Animal Ethics is essential reading for students and scholars of political philosophy and political theory studying animal ethics, environmental ethics, and environmental philosophy.
Wild Blue Media: Thinking through Seawater (Elements)
by Melody JueIn Wild Blue Media, Melody Jue destabilizes terrestrial-based ways of knowing and reorients our perception of the world by considering the ocean itself as a media environment—a place where the weight and opacity of seawater transforms how information is created, stored, transmitted, and perceived. By recentering media theory on and under the sea, Jue calls attention to the differences between perceptual environments and how we think within and through them as embodied observers. In doing so, she provides media studies with alternatives to familiar theoretical frameworks, thereby challenging scholars to navigate unfamiliar oceanic conditions of orientation, materiality, and saturation. Jue not only examines media about the ocean—science fiction narratives, documentary films, ocean data visualizations, animal communication methods, and underwater art—but reexamines media through the ocean, submerging media theory underwater to estrange it from terrestrial habits of perception while reframing our understanding of mediation, objectivity, and metaphor.
Wild Chickens and Petty Tyrants
by Arnie KozakThis engaging and accessible little book is filled with both humor and profound teaching. It presents 108 metaphors for mindfulness, meditation practice, the nature of the self, change, deep acceptance, and other related concepts that Dr. Kozak has cultivated over twenty-five years of meditating, practicing yoga, and working as a clinical psychologist. Metaphors are indispensable to understanding mindfulness, and to help deeply internalize it and make it a part of everyday life. These mentally catchy images can motivate us to practice, show us how and where to bring mindfulness to life in our personal experience, and help us employ powerful methods for transformation.
Wild Diplomacy: Cohabiting with Wolves on a New Ontological Map
by MorizotStarting from a specific case, the spontaneous return of wolves to France and the intense conflicts that event has triggered, the French philosopher Baptiste Morizot invites us to think about what he calls "diplomacy with living beings." How can we conceive of cohabitation with the most recalcitrant wildlife, large predators in particular, and what concrete solutions need to be invented to make this happen? Drawing on knowledge gleaned from history and philosophy as well as from ethology, scientific ecology, and biology, Wild Diplomacy prompts us to ask what relations we want to reinvent with living beings today and how we might fundamentally reimagine our status as living beings among other life forms. This prize-winning book has broken new ground in contemporary French environmental philosophy.
Wild Experiment: Feeling Science and Secularism after Darwin
by Donovan O. SchaeferIn Wild Experiment, Donovan O. Schaefer challenges the conventional wisdom that feeling and thinking are separate. Drawing on science studies, philosophy, affect theory, secularism studies, psychology, and contemporary literary criticism, Schaefer reconceptualizes rationality as defined by affective processes at every level. He introduces the model of “cogency theory” to reconsider the relationship between evolutionary biology and secularism, examining mid-nineteenth-century Darwinian controversies, the 1925 Scopes Trial, and the New Atheist movement of the 2000s. Along the way, Schaefer reappraises a range of related issues, from secular architecture at Oxford to American eugenics to contemporary climate denialism. These case studies locate the intersection of thinking and feeling in the way scientific rationality balances excited discovery with anxious scrutiny, in the fascination of conspiracy theories, and in how racist feelings assume the mantle of rational objectivity. The fact that cognition is felt, Schaefer demonstrates, is both why science succeeds and why it fails. He concludes that science, secularism, atheism, and reason itself are not separate from feeling but comprehensively defined by it.
Wild Grass: Three Stories of Change in Modern China
by Ian JohnsonIn Wild Grass, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ian Johnson tells the stories of three ordinary Chinese citizens moved to extraordinary acts of courage: a peasant legal clerk who filed a class-action suit on behalf of overtaxed farmers, a young architect who defended the rights of dispossessed homeowners, and a bereaved woman who tried to find out why her elderly mother had been beaten to death in police custody. Representing the first cracks in the otherwise seamless façade of Communist Party control, these small acts of resistance demonstrate the unconquerable power of the human conscience and prophesy an increasingly open political future for China.
Wild Ivy: The Spiritual Autobiography of Zen Master Hakuin
by Norman Waddell Hakuin EkakuA fiery and intensely dynamic Zen teacher and artist, Hakuin (1685-1768) is credited with almost single-handedly revitalizing Japanese Zen after three hundred years of decline. As a teacher, he placed special emphasis on koan practice, inventing many new koans himself, including the famous "What is the sound of one hand clapping?" This English translation of Hakuin's intimate self-portrait includes reminiscences from his childhood, accounts of his Zen practice and enlightenment experiences, as well as practical advice for students.
Wild Music: Sound and Sovereignty in Ukraine (Music / Culture)
by Maria SonevytskyRecipient of the 2020 Lewis Lockwood Award from the American Musicological SocietyWhat are the uses of musical exoticism? In Wild Music, Maria Sonevytsky tracks vernacular Ukrainian discourses of "wildness" as they manifested in popular music during a volatile decade of Ukrainian political history bracketed by two revolutions. From the Eurovision Song Contest to reality TV, from Indigenous radio to the revolution stage, Sonevytsky assesses how these practices exhibit and re-imagine Ukrainian tradition and culture. As the rise of global populism forces us to confront the category of state sovereignty anew, Sonevytsky proposes innovative paradigms for thinking through the creative practices that constitute sovereignty, citizenship, and nationalism.
Wild Pedagogies: Touchstones for Re-Negotiating Education and the Environment in the Anthropocene (Palgrave Studies in Educational Futures)
by Bob Jickling Sean Blenkinsop Nora Timmerman Michael De Danann Sitka-SageThis book explores why the concept of wild pedagogy is an essential aspect of education in these times; a re-negotiated education that acknowledges the necessity of listening to voices in a more than human world, and (re)learning how to dwell in a place. As the geological epoch inexorably shifts to the Anthropocene, the authors argue that learning to live in and engage with the world is increasingly crucial in such times of uncertainty. The editors and contributors examine what wild pedagogy can truly become, and how it can be relevant across disciplinary boundaries: offering six touchstones as working tools to help educators forge an onward path. This collaborative work will be of interest to students and scholars of wild pedagogies, alternative education and the Anthropocene, and for all those engaged in re-wilding education.
Wild Rides and Wildflowers
by Sam Rushforth Scott Abbott"Abbott and Rushforth [have a] knack for entertaining readers."-BOOKLIST"[Wild Rides] becomes about more than riding bikes and admiring nature throughout the four seasons. It also provides an intimate glimpse into the minds and hearts of two men, and the outcome is both surprising and refreshing."--DESERET NEWS"Ride along with Sam and Scott through spectacular landscape and share their vast knowledge of its many plants and creatures and the way their lives-and ours-turn with each new season."-Chip Ward, author of Canaries on the Rim: Living Downwind in the West"It's like Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance meets Desert Solitaire in Utah County."-Scott Carrier, author of Running After Antelope"Come fall in wonder with nature and humankind as these two scholars and mountain bike enthusiasts explore flora, fauna and the follies of life, love, friendship and aging. Abbott and Rushforth are brash and beautiful, their observations clear-eyed, precise and soulful. By the end of the ride you'll understand more about Utah's landscape and two men's hearts than you ever imagined."-Brooke Adams, former editor of the Salt Lake Observer and Salt Lake Tribune reporter"Sometimes you have to get on the bike and go out with the wild things if you're going to get there at all. Scott Abbott and Sam Rushforth show us the way. Mount up. Here's our ticket to ride."-Charles Bowden, author of Blues for Cannibals"Following the conversations and adventures of Scott and Sam in this work was a delight-my only complaint is that I was stung by an absolute desire to join them. The gusto and passion they have for this land comes through on every page."-Steven L. Peck, author of The Scholar of Moab and A Short Stay in Hell"Imagine Plato's Phaedrus and a field guide to Utah fauna and flora left in an inside pocket of a sweaty, oft-used CamelBak get acquainted and copulate. The wise progeny, scratched and scented, philosophizing its way out, would be Wild Rides and Wildflowers, coauthored by Scott Abbott and Sam Rushforth."-Larry Menlove, for The Provo Canyon Review
Wild Thought: A New Translation of “La Pensée sauvage”
by Claude Lévi-StraussAs the most influential anthropologist of his generation, Claude Lévi-Strauss left a profound mark on the development of twentieth-century thought. Through a mixture of insights gleaned from linguistics, sociology, and ethnology, Lévi-Strauss elaborated his theory of structural unity in culture and became the preeminent representative of structural anthropology. La Pensée sauvage, first published in French in 1962, was his crowning achievement. Ranging over philosophies, historical periods, and human societies, it challenged the prevailing assumption of the superiority of modern Western culture and sought to explain the unity of human intellection. Controversially titled The Savage Mind when it was first published in English in 1966, the original translation nevertheless sparked a fascination with Lévi-Strauss’s work among Anglophone readers. Wild Thought rekindles that spark with a fresh and accessible new translation. Including critical annotations for the contemporary reader, it restores the accuracy and integrity of the book that changed the course of intellectual life in the twentieth century, making it an indispensable addition to any philosophical or anthropological library.
Wild Thought: A New Translation of “La Pensée sauvage”
by Claude Lévi-StraussAs the most influential anthropologist of his generation, Claude Lévi-Strauss left a profound mark on the development of twentieth-century thought. Through a mixture of insights gleaned from linguistics, sociology, and ethnology, Lévi-Strauss elaborated his theory of structural unity in culture and became the preeminent representative of structural anthropology. La Pensée sauvage, first published in French in 1962, was his crowning achievement. Ranging over philosophies, historical periods, and human societies, it challenged the prevailing assumption of the superiority of modern Western culture and sought to explain the unity of human intellection. Controversially titled The Savage Mind when it was first published in English in 1966, the original translation nevertheless sparked a fascination with Lévi-Strauss’s work among Anglophone readers. Wild Thought rekindles that spark with a fresh and accessible new translation. Including critical annotations for the contemporary reader, it restores the accuracy and integrity of the book that changed the course of intellectual life in the twentieth century, making it an indispensable addition to any philosophical or anthropological library.
Wild-Tier-Fotografie: Ökologische, postkoloniale und ästhetische Perspektiven (Cultural Animal Studies #15)
by Martin Bartelmus Maurice SaßTechnische Innovationen der Fotografie erlaubten Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, Wildtiere nicht mehr nur als Kadaver und Beute oder in Studio und Gehege abzulichten, sondern ihnen in ihrem natürlichen Habitat nachzuspüren. Die frühe Wildtierfotografie bediente damit ein populäres Interesse an der als lokal, national oder kolonial geschätzten Fauna, lieferte wichtige Beiträge zur zoologischen Forschung und verstand sich häufig als Vorkämpfer des Naturschutzes. Ganz neu stellte sich damit aber auch die Frage, wie man Tiere richtig fotografiert: technisch, ästhetisch, ethisch. Der Band beantwortet diese Fragen in historischer Perspektive und erschließt damit das Forschungsfeld der Wildtierfotografie.
Wild Wisdom: Zen Masters, Mountain Monks & Rebellious Eccentrics Reflect on the Healing Power of Nature
by Neil Douglas-KlotzInspiration from wilderness mystics from around the world, including Henry David Thoreau, Bai Juyi, Rainer Maria Rilke, Lalla, Rachel Carson, and more.Sages and mystics throughout the centuries have sought inspiration in the wildness of nature. This little book gathers the sayings and stories of the women and men who have sunk their roots deep into inner retreat and brought forth wisdom for all times and peoples.Here we find the stories and voices of desert fathers and mothers, forest hermits, mountain mystics, wandering philosophers, and wise eccentrics who maintained their solitude while living in society and challenged the status quo with humor. From East and West and everything in between. From Christian hermits, wandering Kabbalists, itinerant Sufis, Zen practitioners, Yogis, court jesters, transcendentalists, and freethinkers, Wild Wisdom gathers a timeless harvest for spiritual renewal.By turns witty, startling, beautiful, and sublime, Wild Wisdom makes a fine companion for personal retreat, daily contemplation, or simply taking time out during a busy day.
Wilderness in America: Philosophical Writings (Groundworks: Ecological Issues in Philosophy and Theology)
by Henry BugbeeThe philosophy of Henry Bugbee defies traditional academic categorization. Though inspired by Heidegger and American Transcendentalism, he was also admired by the famous analytic philosopher Willard van Orman Quine, who described him as the ultimate exemplar of the examined life. Bugbee’s writings are remarkably different in form and register from anything written in twentieth-century American Philosophy. The beautifully written essays collected here show Bugbee’s continuing commitment that “anyone who throws his entire personality into his work must to some extent adopt an aesthetic attitude and medium.” Together, the book reintroduces a major thinker of nature, an environmental philosopher avant la lettre who has much to contribute to American and continental thought.