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Empires of the Weak: The Real Story of European Expansion and the Creation of the New World Order
by Jason SharmanHow the rise of the West was a temporary exception to the predominant world orderWhat accounts for the rise of the state, the creation of the first global system, and the dominance of the West? The conventional answer asserts that superior technology, tactics, and institutions forged by Darwinian military competition gave Europeans a decisive advantage in war over other civilizations from 1500 onward. In contrast, Empires of the Weak argues that Europeans actually had no general military superiority in the early modern era. J. C. Sharman shows instead that European expansion from the late fifteenth to the late eighteenth centuries is better explained by deference to strong Asian and African polities, disease in the Americas, and maritime supremacy earned by default because local land-oriented polities were largely indifferent to war and trade at sea.Europeans were overawed by the mighty Eastern empires of the day, which pioneered key military innovations and were the greatest early modern conquerors. Against the view that the Europeans won for all time, Sharman contends that the imperialism of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was a relatively transient and anomalous development in world politics that concluded with Western losses in various insurgencies. If the twenty-first century is to be dominated by non-Western powers like China, this represents a return to the norm for the modern era.Bringing a revisionist perspective to the idea that Europe ruled the world due to military dominance, Empires of the Weak demonstrates that the rise of the West was an exception in the prevailing world order.
Empireworld: How British Imperialism Shaped the Globe
by Sathnam SangheraBestselling author and journalist Sathnam Sanghera explores the global legacy of the British Empire, and the ways it continues to influence economics, politics, and culture around the world. 2.6 billion people are inhabitants of former British colonies. The empire's influence upon the quarter of the planet it occupied, and its gravitational influence upon the world outside it, has been profound: from the spread of Christianity by missionaries to the shaping international law. Even today, 1 in 3 people drive on the left hand side of the road, an artifact of the British empire. Yet Britain's idea of its imperial history and the world's experience of it are two very different things. Following in the footsteps of his bestselling book Empireland: How Imperialism Has Shaped Modern Britain, Empireworld explores the ways in which British Empire has come to shape the modern world Sanghera visits Barbados, where he uncovers how Caribbean nations are still struggling to emerge from the disadvantages sown by transatlantic slavery. He examines how large charities--like Save the Children and the World Bank--still see the world through the imperial eyes of their colonial founders, and how the political instability of nations, such as Nigeria, for instance, can be traced back to tensions seeded in their colonial foundations. And from the British Empire's role in the transportation of 12.5 million Africans during the Atlantic slave trade, to the 35 million Indians who died due to famine caused by British policy, the British Empire, as Sanghera reveals, was responsible for some of the largest demographic changes in human history. Economic, legal and political systems across the world continue to function along the lines originally drawn by the British Empire, and cultural, sexual, psychological, linguistic, demographic, and educational norms originally established by imperial Britons continue to shape our lives. British Empire may have peaked a century ago, and it may have been mostly dismantled by 1997, but in this major new work, Sathnam Sanghera ultimately shows how the largest empire in world history still exerts influence over planet Earth in all sorts of silent and unsilent ways.
Empire’s Labor: The Global Army That Supports U.S. Wars
by Adam MooreIn a dramatic unveiling of the little-known world of contracted military logistics, Adam Moore examines the lives of the global army of laborers who support US overseas wars. Empire's Labor brings us the experience of the hundreds of thousands of men and women who perform jobs such as truck drivers and administrative assistants at bases located in warzones in the Middle East and Africa. He highlights the changes the US military has undergone since the Vietnam War, when the ratio of contractors to uniformed personnel was roughly 1:6. In Afghanistan it has been as high as 4:1. This growth in logistics contracting represents a fundamental change in how the US fights wars, with the military now dependent on a huge pool of contractors recruited from around the world. It also, Moore demonstrates, has social, economic, and political implications that extend well beyond the battlefields.Focusing on workers from the Philippines and Bosnia, two major sources of "third country national" (TCN) military labor, Moore explains the rise of large-scale logistics outsourcing since the end of the Cold War; describes the networks, infrastructures, and practices that span the spaces through which people, information, and goods circulate; and reveals the experiences of foreign workers, from the hidden dynamics of labor activism on bases, to the economic and social impacts these jobs have on their families and the communities they hail from. Through his extensive fieldwork and interviews, Moore gives voice to the agency and aspirations of the many thousands of foreigners who labor for the US military.Thanks to generous funding from UCLA and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellopen.org) and other repositories.
Empire’s Twin: U.S. Anti-imperialism from the Founding Era to the Age of Terrorism
by Jay Sexton Ian TyrrellAcross the course of American history, imperialism and anti-imperialism have been awkwardly paired as influences on the politics, culture, and diplomacy of the United States. The Declaration of Independence, after all, is an anti-imperial document, cataloguing the sins of the metropolitan government against the colonies. With the Revolution, and again in 1812, the nation stood against the most powerful empire in the world and declared itself independent. As noted by Ian Tyrrell and Jay Sexton, however, American "anti-imperialism was clearly selective, geographically, racially, and constitutionally." Empire's Twin broadens our conception of anti-imperialist actors, ideas, and actions; it charts this story across the range of American history, from the Revolution to our own era; and it opens up the transnational and global dimensions of American anti-imperialism. By tracking the diverse manifestations of American anti-imperialism, this book highlights the different ways in which historians can approach it in their research and teaching. The contributors cover a wide range of subjects, including the discourse of anti-imperialism in the Early Republic and Civil War, anti-imperialist actions in the U.S. during the Mexican Revolution, the anti-imperial dimensions of early U.S. encounters in the Middle East, and the transnational nature of anti-imperialist public sentiment during the Cold War and beyond. Contributors: Laura Belmonte, Oklahoma State University; Robert Buzzanco, University of Houston; Julian Go, Boston University; Alan Knight, University of Oxford; Ussama Makdisi, Rice University; Erez Manela, Harvard University; Peter Onuf, Robert H. Smith International Center for Jefferson Studies, Monticello, and University of Virginia; Jeffrey Ostler, University of Oregon; Patricia Schechter, Portland State University; Jay Sexton, University of Oxford; Ian Tyrrell, University of New South Wales
Empirical Analysis on Income Inequality of Chinese Residents
by Yan Qin Yunbo ZhouThe subject of this book is discussing the income inequality of Chinese residents, its change and the factors that impact it. In this book all kinds of quantitative methods, including decomposing Gini Coefficients method, Fei-Ranis method, two-sectors model and other econometric models. Some special features are that in this book, a two-sectors model was set up to analyze the impact of population migration from urban areas to rural areas on income inequality of total residents, and the inverted U hypothesis was tested by time-series regression model. The inverted U hypothesis is supported by the change of income inequality of Chinese total residents which is different from the conclusion of present reaches. In additional, the impact of rent-seeking income on inequality was discussed, an economic mode was founded to explain the causes of rent-seeking activities in China's present stage.
Empirical Applications of the Median Voter Model (Studies in Public Choice #45)
by Joshua Hall Katherine StarrThis book contains eight empirical applications of the median voter model. There exists a large literature in economics explaining public policy outcomes using the median voter model. The papers in this volume contribute to our understanding of how the institutional context of voting matters for collective decision-making. The authors of this volume apply the median voter model in a variety of different contexts, from testing the interest group orientation of government spending to voting by members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Chapters also focus on the political economy of: state-level psychedelic drug legalization, bank entry restrictions, public pension reform, state renewable portfolio standards, automobile insurance regulation, and profits in the dialysis market.
Empirical Fiscal Federalism (Elements in Public Economics)
by Federico Revelli Emanuele BraccoFiscal federalism has long been an important topic of inquiry in applied public economics, and interest in the functioning of intergovernmental fiscal relationships in multi-tiered public sector structures does not seem to be fading. Rather, the recent economic downturn and sovereign debt crisis have brought the analysis of multi-level fiscal governance to the forefront of academic discourse and stimulated the search for tax assignments that ease coordination between authorities at different tiers while preserving local fiscal autonomy and minimizing the harmful effects of taxation on the prospects of economic recovery. This Element examines the recent empirical work in this area and discusses the most critical issues that future research will need to address in order to push further the frontier of econometric analysis in fiscal federalism.
Empirical Implications of Theoretical Models in Political Science
by Jim Granato Melody Lo M. C. WongTension has long existed in the social sciences between quantitative and qualitative approaches on one hand, and theory-minded and empirical techniques on the other. The latter divide has grown sharper in the wake of new behavioural and experimental perspectives which draw on both sides of these modelling schemes. This book works to address this disconnect by establishing a framework for methodological unification: empirical implications of theoretical models (EITM). This framework connects behavioural and applied statistical concepts, develops analogues of these concepts, and links and evaluates these analogues. The authors offer detailed explanations of how these concepts may be framed, to assist researchers interested in incorporating EITM into their own research. They go on to demonstrate how EITM may be put into practice for a range of disciplines within the social sciences, including voting, party identification, social interaction, learning, conflict and cooperation to macro-policy formulation.
Empirical Political Analysis: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods (8th Edition)
by Craig Leonard Brians Lars B. Willnat Jarol B. Manheim Richard C. RichUpdated in a new 8th edition, Empirical Political Analysis introduces students to the full range of qualitative and quantitative methods used in political science research. Organized around all of the stages of the research process, this comprehensive text surveys designing experiments, conducting research, evaluating results, and presenting findings. With exercises in the text and in a companion lab manual, Empirical Political Analysis gives students applied insights on the scopes and methods of political science research.
Empirical Research and Writing: A Political Science Student’s Practical Guide
by Leanne C. PownerStudents can easily misstep when they first begin to do research. Leanne C. Powner’s new title Empirical Research and Writing: A Student′s Practical Guide provides valuable advice and guidance on conducting and writing about empirical research. Chapter by chapter, students are guided through the key steps in the research process. Written in a lively and engaging manner and with a dose of humor, this practical text shows students exactly how to choose a research topic, conduct a literature review, make research design decisions, collect and analyze data, and then write up and present the results. The book′s approachable style and just-in-time information delivery make it a text students will want to read, and its wide-ranging and surprisingly sophisticated coverage will make it an important resource for their later coursework.
Empirical Research and Writing: A Political Science Student’s Practical Guide
by Leanne C. PownerStudents can easily misstep when they first begin to do research. Leanne C. Powner’s new title Empirical Research and Writing: A Student′s Practical Guide provides valuable advice and guidance on conducting and writing about empirical research. Chapter by chapter, students are guided through the key steps in the research process. Written in a lively and engaging manner and with a dose of humor, this practical text shows students exactly how to choose a research topic, conduct a literature review, make research design decisions, collect and analyze data, and then write up and present the results. The book′s approachable style and just-in-time information delivery make it a text students will want to read, and its wide-ranging and surprisingly sophisticated coverage will make it an important resource for their later coursework.
Empirical Research on Environmental Policies in China: China Towards Decarbonization and Recycle Economy
by Kiyoshi FujikawaThis book presents an empirical study of the effects of environmental policies on China and its neighboring countries, with a focus on waste and climate policies in China. The two major carbon policies have to do with carbon markets and renewable energy. The authors first examine the effectiveness of the Asian carbon market. Because of the consumption of goods beyond provincial borders, nationwide carbon markets are rather difficult to operate; therefore, a desirable initial allocation in the carbon market is proposed in this book. As for renewable power, its sources have not been fully utilized owing to a regional mismatch of supply and demand, so optimal locations of renewable energy are shown. The book also contains an analysis of the environmental and economic impacts of changes in resource circulation in East Asia. Although motorization is advancing rapidly, the vein industry for recycling used cars has not progressed. The authors estimate the amount of materials from used cars including new energy vehicles (electric and fuel cell vehicles) and propose desirable policies for used vehicles. East Asia is interdependent with respect to carbon and waste as well as the economy. China has regulated the import of waste recently and has started recycling its own wastes, putting pressure on neigboring countries to recycle their waste domestically. The authors estimate the environmental and economic impacts of such policy changes.
Empirical Research on an Unconditional Basic Income in Europe (Contributions to Economics)
by Lei DelsenThe unconditional basic income (UBI) has attracted renewed attention in academia, as well as in public discussions in recent years, and much has been written on the possible consequences of a UBI. However, this is the first book focusing on the UBI in Europe that offers empirical research findings. It includes a survey on preferences for a UBI in the EU; an assessment of the political feasibility of a UBI in the EU; field studies in the Netherlands and Scotland; and the findings of laboratory experiments. Presenting contributions from Dutch and international researchers, this book provides scientific answers to the question of whether a UBI is desirable and feasible in Europe.
Empirical Studies of an Internet and Service Based Economy: The Case of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (Perspectives on Development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region)
by Nabaz T. Khayyat Goran M. MuhamadThis book is a collection of eight studies covering several areas pertinent to the current technological and banking services situation in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The economy of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is mainly dependent on oil revenue. The oil export revenue constitutes more than 90% of the government’s fiscal revenue. In addition to that, the public sector plays an excessive role in the economy, with public spending to GDP being over 70% while revenue from taxation constitutes less than 30% of total revenue. As the economy is not diversified, there is a large gap between demand and supply of locally produced tradeable goods, leaving the KRI economy highly dependent on imports. Another structural challenge of the KRI economy is its dependence on cash and a weekly financial system. Although the region has witnessed extraordinary economic growth from 2008 to 2014, the growth rate decreased from 8 to 1 percent, trade and investment dropped to 5 percent, and the unemployment rate significantly increased to over 20% by the end of the year 2019. To maintain the progress of economic development, it is necessary to upgrade the country’s industrial structure in order to be able to generate more value-added products, which requires advancement in technological infrastructure to employ more sophisticated technologies. There is not much written about Kurdistan and its economy, and yet there is a comprehensive development plan and resources to be used for education, research, rehabilitation, development, and reconstruction. As such, this book would be of interest to researchers, decision-makers, governmental and non-governmental organizations, undergraduate and graduate students, and the general public with an interest in the Middle East and contemporary Kurdish issues. It is a good up-to-date handbook for policymakers and NGOs involved in the rehabilitation, reconstruction, and development of Iraq.
Empirically Based Interventions Targeting Social Problems
by John S. Wodarski Laura M. HopsonThis unique volume demonstrates the effectiveness of applying an evidence-based practice process to the solution of selected social problems. It focuses on social work interventions addressing family, community, and societal factors. Research indicates that reinforcement for positive behavior at the group, organizational, and community levels, as opposed to interventions focusing on the individual, are more likely to result in meaningful improvement in well-being. Chapters address issues such as child maltreatment, educationally disadvantaged children, violence in schools, adolescent sexuality, substance abuse, crime, urban decline and homelessness, unemployment, marital conflict, and chronic medical problems.Empirically Based Interventions Targeting Social Problems is a relevant resource for practitioners and counseling professionals whose work involves interventions with children and families as well as communities. It also is a useful text for graduate students in social work as well as students preparing for other helping professions including psychology, sociology, marital and family counseling, and child development.
Empirische Sozialforschung für die Polizei- und Verwaltungswissenschaften: Eine Einführung
by Stefan Hollenberg Claudia KaupEntscheidungen in Polizei, Politik und Verwaltung sollen adäquat theoretisch fundiert sein und auf einer soliden empirischen Basis gründen. Um diese Grundlagen zu entwickeln, sind Kenntnisse der wesentlichen Grundzüge empirischer Sozialforschung unverzichtbar. Dieses Lehrbuch bietet daher neben einer allgemeinen Einführung in die sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung praxisbezogene und beispielgestützte Hinweise für die Konzeption, Durchführung, Auswertung und Darstellung von zahlreichen quantitativen, qualitativen und mixed-methods- Ansätzen. Der Nutzen, aber auch Grenzen sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung für die Polizei und die öffentliche Verwaltung wird in weiteren Kapiteln aufgezeigt.
Empirische Sozialforschung: Eine Einführung
by Michael HäderSozialwissenschaftliche Methoden wie Befragungen, Beobachtungen und Inhaltsanalysen kommen in der Marktforschung, bei Studien zur Zeitgeschichte, in der Stadtplanung und in der Kommunikationsforschung zum Einsatz. Erst recht werden sie von Soziologen und empirisch arbeitenden Politikwissenschaftlern benötigt. Egal, ob im Rahmen der Evaluation eines Präventionsprogramms oder für die Erhebung des Gesundheitsverhaltens oder für eine Studie zur sozialen Mobilität, die sichere Handhabung des sozialwissenschaftlichen Instrumentariums ist stets die Voraussetzung, um belastbare Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Das Buch stellt wichtige Informationen für die Anwender und Entwickler dieser Instrumente zur Verfügung. Es behandelt die theoretischen Grundlagen der Methoden, die Schritte bei der Konzipierung und Umsetzung eines Projekts, die vielfältigen Varianten der Datenerhebung, die bei der Auswahl der Untersuchungseinheiten einzusetzenden Methoden ebenso wie die Prinzipien, die bei der Auswertung und Dokumentation der Befunde zu beachten sind. Mithilfe zahlreicher Beispiele gelingt eine besonders anschauliche Darstellung.
Empirische Studien lesen: Einführung in die Praxis der quantitativen Sozialforschung
by Markus TausendpfundDie Fähigkeit, empirische Studien lesen zu können, ist ein zentrales Ziel der sozialwissenschaftlichen Ausbildung. Deshalb macht dieser Band erstens mit der Struktur quantitativer Studien in Fachzeitschriften vertraut und vertieft zweitens die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um lineare und logistische Regressionsmodelle angemessen interpretieren und bewerten zu können. Dabei werden die erforderlichen Kenntnisse nicht abstrakt vermittelt, sondern anhand empirischer Befunde zu zentralen sozialwissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen. Zusätzliche Fragen per App: Laden Sie die Springer Nature Flashcards-App kostenlos herunter und nutzen Sie exklusives Zusatzmaterial, um Ihr Wissen zu prüfen.
Emplaced Resistance in Palestine and Israel: The Cases of Hebron, Silwan and al-Araqib (Routledge Studies on the Arab-Israeli Conflict)
by Marion LecoquierreThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict gravitates constantly around the question of territorial control due to the settler-colonial principle present at the core of the Zionist project. Acknowledging space as a central tool of domination used by the Israeli authorities, this volume sheds light on the way space can become both a resource for and an outcome of protest, with an emphasis placed on the way it is used and produced through practices of resistance by subaltern groups. The research relies on a comparative approach, relying on data collected in the course of fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2015 in Palestine and Israel. It focuses on three "sites of contention", which include the H2 area in Hebron (the occupied Old City, under Israeli authority), the "core" neighbourhoods of Silwan (Wadi Hilwe and al-Bustan) and the unrecognized Bedouin village of al-Araqib, in the Negev desert. Through these three case studies, the book tackles different strategies that engage with the materiality of space, place, sense of place, territory, landscape, network and scale, showing the mobilization of a real "spatial repertoire" of contention. The different regimes of control give rise to strategies that are first and foremost emplaced, i.e. rooted in the local. Providing an original comparison between flashpoints of the Palestinian resistance against the Israeli politics of dispossession and expulsion, the book is a key resource for scholars and readers interested in political geography, political science, sociology, and the Israel-Palestine conflict.
Employability in Context: Labour Market Needs, Skills Gaps and Graduate Employability Development in Regional Vietnam
by Ly Thi Tran Truc Thi Le Hoa Thi Nguyen Nga Thi NgoThis book explores the issue of graduate employability in regional Vietnam. It provides a critical discussion of not only the demands of the labour market but also the practices and challenges in the development of graduate employability and career capacity building at the national, institutional and individual levels. It discusses graduate employability in Vietnam by analysing government and institutional policies and taking into account the perspectives and experiences of three key stakeholders: employers, graduates and universities. The book highlights the development of ‘employability in context’ for graduates in regional Vietnam to be able to adapt to the specific social, cultural and demographic conditions of the region and tackle new employment challenges.
Employability: From Theory to Practice
by Michele BaukensIn the struggle against unemployment and marginalization, employability has become the one major tool to counteract this phenomenon. Those who have no chances to develop or enhance their employability will fail in the competitive labor market of the new economic order. While the notion of employability is not exactly new, the weight now being placed upon it is new: to equip job seekers for the far-reaching changes currently taking place in the economy and the world of work. What is at stake? Is employability an instrument for the regulation of the labor market, distinguishing between the employable and the unemployable? Or is it a set of measures to facilitate the insertion or reinsertion of workers into the workforce? Is employability in the future the defining policy framework for labor market policies? What are the consequences of such a development for policy makers? Employability: From Theory to Practice addresses these questions. Its internationally renowned authors provide a valuable contribution to the conceptual and operational content of the notion of employability. The form and content of measures of employability vary by state, but represent a general trend. Part 1 deals with the concepts and instruments of employability. Part 2 evaluates measures implemented in a number of countries to improve employability of job-seekers. The countries involved are the UK, the Netherlands, Belgium, Ireland, New Zealand, Poland, and Slovakia. Part 3 showcases a practical approach with Canada, which in 1996-97 moved from an unemployment to an employment insurance. This volume shows both the possibilities and limitations of measures to promote employability. It helps clarify complex policy questions which will contribute to a better understanding of the concept for policy makers and administrators. It will help policy makers, professionals, and scholars assess current trends in the workplace.
Employee Training And U.s. Competitiveness: Lessons For The 1990s
by Lauren BentonIt is by now commonplace to assert that the global economy is entering a new phase and that the paradigm of economic growth that was relevant to the early postwar decades no longer holds sway. Major changes, such as the explosive growth of services, the rise of a handful of highly successful newly industrializing countries, and the rapid expansion
Employee Voice at Work (Work, Organization, and Employment)
by Peter Holland Julian Teicher Jimmy DonagheyThis book addresses the contemporary aspects of employee voice through theoretical and practical analysis. In addition to case studies of employee voice in the workplace, it also looks at emerging forms of voice associated with the use of technology such as social media. Because of the breadth of the concept of employee voice, the focus of the book lends itself to an international perspective on employment relations and human resources management – analyses and experiences drawn from one country will be usefully considered or applied in relation to others.
Employing Land-Based Anti-Ship Missiles in the Western Pacific
by Terrence K. Kelly Anthony Atler Todd Nichols Lloyd ThrallLand-based anti-ship missiles (ASMs) feature prominently in the capabilities of many island nations in the Western Pacific, but the United States currently lacks such systems. This report illustrates the potential strategic advantages of the United States working with partners to build a coalition ASM capability, particularly in the event of a conflict with China, and includes an assessment of logistical challenges and positioning approaches.
Employment Equity in Canada
by Carol AgocsIn the mid-1980s, the Abella Commission on Equality in Employment and the federal Employment Equity Act made Canada a policy leader in addressing systemic discrimination in the workplace. More than twenty-five years later, Employment Equity in Canada assembles a distinguished group of experts to examine the state of employment equity in Canada today.Examining the evidence of nearly thirty years, the contributors - both scholars and practitioners of employment policy - evaluate the history and influence of the Abella Report, the impact of Canada's employment equity legislation on equality in the workplace, and the future of substantive equality in an environment where the Canadian government is increasingly hostile to intervention in the workplace. They compare Canada's legal and policy choices to those of the United States and to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and examine ways in which the concept of employment equity might be expanded to embrace other vulnerable communities. Their observations will be essential reading for those seeking to understand the past, present, and future of Canadian employment and equity policy.