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From Manual Workers to Wage Laborers: Transformation of the Social Question
by Robert CastelIn this monumental book, sociologist Robert Castel reconstructs the history of what he calls "the social question," or the ways in which both labor and social welfare have been organized from the Middle Ages onward to contemporary industrial society. Throughout, the author identifies two constants bearing directly on the question of who is entitled to relief and who can be excluded: the degree of embeddedness in any given community and the ability to work. Along this dual axis the author locates virtually the entire history of social welfare in early-modern and contemporary Europe.This work is a systematic defense of the meaningfulness of the category of "the social," written in the tradition of Foucault, Durkheim, and Marx. Castel imaginatively builds on Durkheim's insight into the essentially social basis of work and welfare. Castel populates his sociological framework with vivid characterizations of the transient lives of the "disaffiliated": those colorful itinerants whose very existence proved such a threat to the social fabric of early-modern Europe. Not surprisingly, he discovers that the cruel and punitive measures often directed against these marginal figures are deeply implicated in the techniques and institutions of power and social control.The author also treats the flipside of the problem of social assistance: namely, matters of work and wage-labor. Castel brilliantly reveals how the seemingly objective line of demarcation between able-bodied beggars those who are capable of work but who chose not to do so and those who are truly disabled becomes stretched in modernity to make room for the category of the "working poor." It is the novel crisis posed by those masses of population who are unable to maintain themselves by their labor alone that most deeply challenges modern societies and forges recognizably modern policies of social assistance.The author's gloss on the social question also offers us valuable perspectives on contempo
From Mar-a-Lago to MARS: President Trump's Great American Comeback
by Nick AdamsPresident Donald Trump is a revolutionary figure in American politics. 2016 was the 1776 of our generation and 2024 was our greatest victory ever! Unfortunately for patriotic Americans such as yourself, virtually all of the books about President Trump are written by his detractors, those paid to slander him, or those who are incapable of understanding his political, financial, and cultural genius. This ends now! Nick Adams has authored the ultimate book on President Trump's past, present, and future. Inside these pages, you will learn what makes President Trump a uniquely great figure in our Great American Story. You will come to understand how President Trump's own words, dating back decades, foretold everything that has happened since. Author Nick Adams has been a Trump loyalist from before day one. He was an admirer of Trump the businessman before campaigning for Trump the president. With neither axe to grind nor favor to seek, Adams presents an honest, in-depth yet accessible analysis based on both firsthand experience alongside President Trump, in addition to the incisive observations he has made over his many years of campaigning for the man he calls the best president of all time. This is the MAGAna Carta; it is a Homeric Odyssey from Mar-a-Lago to Mars. Perhaps most of all, it is the story of a man, his resilience, his tireless work, his innovation, his patriotism, and his profound love for and dedication to the greatest country that there has ever been. This is the definitive book on President Donald John Trump.
From Martial Law To Martial Law: Politics In The Punjab, 1919-1958
by Syed Nur AhmadThis edited translation of Syed Nur Ahmad's landmark study, Martial Law to Martial Law, provides the most comprehensive study in English or Urdu of the politics of the Punjab. Drawing on his career as a journalist and as former director of information for the government of the Punjab, Nur Ahmad gives an eyewitness account of the politics of the province from the imposition of martial law in 1919 (following the Jalianwala Bagh massacre) to the reestablishment of martial law accompanying the coup d'etat led by General Ayub Khan in Pakistan in 1958. Nur Ahmad relates the events in the Punjab to the larger Indian Muslim political scene, assesses the development and eventual decline of the Unionist Party (which stood against the partition of India), and traces the rise of support for the Muslim League. He also looks at the post-independence period in Pakistan and the failure of the parliamentary regime, discussing how national-level politics affected the Punjab._
From Marx to Mao Tse-Tung: A Study in Revolutionary Dialectics
by George ThomsonThis book is the introduction to Marxism that addresses the political, historical, and ideological aspects of the subject.
From Marxism to Post-Marxism? (Radical Thinkers)
by Goran TherbornA comprehensive history of the development of Marxist theory and the parameters of 21st-century politicsIn this pithy and panoramic work—both stimulating for the specialist and the accessible to the general reader—one of the world's leading social theorists, Göran Therborn, traces the trajectory of Marxism in the twentieth century and anticipates its legacy for radical thought in the twenty-first.
From Masters of Slaves to Lords of Lands: The Transformation of Ownership in the Western World (Studies in Legal History)
by James Q. WhitmanToday we think of land as the paradigmatic example of property, while in the past, the paradigmatic example was often a slave. In this seminal work, James Q. Whitman asserts that there is no natural form of ownership. Whitman dives deep into the long Western history of this transformation in the legal imagination – the transformation from the ownership of humans and other living creatures to the ownership of land. This change extended over many centuries, coming to fruition only on the threshold of the modern era. It brought with it profound changes, not only in the way we understand ownership but also in the way we understand the state. Its most dramatic consequence arrived in the nineteenth century, with the final disappearance of the lawful private ownership of humans, which had been taken for granted for thousands of years.
From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (Routledge Classics In Sociology Ser. #Vol. 4)
by Max WeberMax Weber (1864-1920) was one of the most prolific and influential sociologists of the twentieth century. This classic collection draws together his key papers. This edition contains a new preface by Professor Bryan S. Turner.
From Me to We: The Five Transformational Commitments Required to Rescue the Planet, Your Organization, and Your Life
by Bob DoppeltIn From Me to We: The Five Transformational Commitments Required to Rescue the Planet, Your Organization, and Your Life, systems change expert Bob Doppelt reveals that most people today live a dream world, controlled by false perceptions and beliefs. The most deeply held illusion is that all organisms on Earth, including each of us, exist as independent entities. At the most fundamental level, the change needed to overcome our misperceptions is a shift from focusing only on "me" – our personal needs and wants – to also prioritizing the broader "we": the many ecological and social relationships each of us are part of, those that make life possible and worthwhile. Research shows that by using the techniques described in this book this shift is possible – and not that difficult to achieve. From Me to We offers five transformational "commitments" that can help you change your perspective and engage in activities that will help resolve today's environmental and social problems. Not coincidentally, making these commitments can improve the quality of your life as well. Bob Doppelt's latest book is a wake-up call to the creed of individualism. He calls for recognition of the laws of interdependence, cause and effect, moral justice, trusteeship, and free will. The book will be essential to all of those interested in how we can create and stimulate a sea change in how to enable the necessary behavioral change we need to deal with the myriad environmental and social pressures consuming the planet.
From Media Systems to Media Cultures: Understanding Socialist Television (Communication, Society and Politics)
by Sabina Mihelj Simon HuxtableIn From Media Systems to Media Cultures: Understanding Socialist Television, Sabina Mihelj and Simon Huxtable delve into the fascinating world of television under communism, using it to test a new framework for comparative media analysis. To understand the societal consequences of mass communication, the authors argue that we need to move beyond the analysis of media systems, and instead focus on the role of the media in shaping cultural ideals and narratives, everyday practices and routines. Drawing on a wealth of original data derived from archival sources, programme and schedule analysis, and oral history interviews, the authors show how communist authorities managed to harness the power of television to shape new habits and rituals, yet failed to inspire a deeper belief in communist ideals. This book and their analysis contains important implications for the understanding of mass communication in non-democratic settings, and provides tools for the analysis of media cultures globally.
From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies
by Simon Chesterman Chia Lehnardt<p>Frequently characterized as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vacuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states. <p>As private military companies assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation. This volume examines the interaction between regulation and market forces and analyzes the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead.</p>
From Migrant to Worker: Global Unions and Temporary Labor Migration in Asia
by Michele FordWhat happens when local unions begin to advocate for the rights of temporary migrant workers, asks Michele Ford in her sweeping study of seven Asian countries? Until recently unions in Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand were uniformly hostile towards foreign workers, but Ford deftly shows how times and attitudes have begun to change. Now, she argues, NGOs and the Global Union Federations are encouraging local unions to represent and advocate for these peripheral workers, and in some cases succeeding.From Migrant to Worker builds our understanding of the role the international labor movement and local unions have had in developing a movement for migrant workers' labor rights. Ford examines the relationship between different kinds of labor movement actors and the constraints imposed on those actors by resource flows, contingency, and local context. Her conclusions show that in countries—Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Thailand—where resource flows and local factors give the Global Union Federations more influence local unions have become much more engaged with migrant workers. But in countries—Japan and Taiwan, for example—where they have little effect there has been little progress. While much has changed, Ford forces us to see that labor migration in Asia is still fraught with complications and hardships, and that local unions are not always able or willing to act.
From Military Rule To Liberal Democracy In Argentina
by Monica Peralta-ramosArgentina has most of the characteristics that various theories of democracy postulate as prerequisites for achieving liberal democracy: an urban industrial economy, key economic resources under domestic control, the absence of a peasantry, the absence of ethnic or religious cleavages, relatively high levels of education, strong interest groups, an
From Military to Civilian Rule (Routledge Revivals)
by Constantine P. DanopoulosMilitary disengagement from power in favour of a civilian government is not an uncommon phenomenon, especially in the developing world. First published in 1992, From Military to Civilian Rule is the first comparative study of the motives behind military withdrawal and the establishment of sustainable civilian rule.Using case studies from Africa, Central and South America, the Caribbean and Europe written by regional specialists, the book looks at the future of civil–military relations in the post-disengagement state. It reviews the factors — organizational, societal, and international — necessary for maintaining civilian rule, and it establishes conceptual themes common to the countries discussed.This volume will appeal to academics and advanced students with interests in Third World Politics, Latin American Politics, and the role of the military in the State.
From Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals: Rethinking African Development (The International Political Economy of New Regionalisms Series)
by Timothy M. Shaw Kobena T. Hanson Korbla P. PuplampuMillennium development goals (MDGs) and sustainable development goals (SDGs) have significant implications for global development, in particular for African countries. This book seeks to assist Africa’s policy makers and political leaders, MNCs and NGOs, plus its increasingly heterogeneous media landscape, to understand and better respond or negotiate the evolving development environment of the 21st century. In this collection of nuanced essays, the contributors interrogate the relationship between the MDGs and SDGs in key areas of African development to enhance our understanding and knowledge of the evolving nature of development. They address issues of governance, agriculture, south-south cooperation in a context of foreign aid, natural resource governance and sustainable development, export diversification and economic growth as well as emerging topics such as the internet of things or the sharing economy, climate change, conflict and non-traditional security. The varied, yet interlinked foci present a holistic overview of Africa’s development aspirations, and ability to transform the SDGs’ universal aspirations into local realities. This book will be of use to academics and students in Development Studies, Contemporary African Studies, Political Science, Policy Studies and Geography, and should also appeal to policy makers and development practitioners.
From Mobility to Accessibility: Transforming Urban Transportation and Land-Use Planning
by Jonathan Levine Joe Grengs Louis A. MerlinIn From Mobility to Accessibility, an expert team of researchers flips the tables on the standard models for evaluating regional transportation performance. Jonathan Levine, Joe Grengs, and Louis A. Merlin argue for an "accessibility shift" whereby transportation planning, and the transportation dimensions of land-use planning, would be based on people's ability to reach destinations, rather than on their ability to travel fast. Existing models for planning and evaluating transportation, which have taken vehicle speeds as the most important measure, would make sense if movement were the purpose of transportation. But it is the ability to reach destinations, not movement per se, that people seek from their transportation systems. While the concept of accessibility has been around for the better part of a century, From Mobility to Accessibility shows that the accessibility shift is compelled by the fundamental purpose of transportation. The book argues that the shift would be transformative to the practice of both transportation and land-use planning but is impeded by many conceptual obstacles regarding the nature of accessibility and its potential for guiding development of the built environment. By redefining success in transportation, the book provides city planners, decisionmakers, and scholars a path to reforming the practice of transportation and land-use planning in modern cities and metropolitan areas.
From Mobilization to Revolution
by Charles TillyFrom Mobilization to Revolution thoroughly examines the ways people act together in pursuit of common interests. Throughout, the book presents and applies various political process models for the analysis of collective action. Historical and contemporary experiences from around the world illustrate the recurrent theme of the interplay between big structural changes - state-making, expansion of capitalism, urbanization, industrialization, and electoral politics - and the collective action of ordinary people, from demonstrations and brawls to strikes and revolutions. Dr Tilly compares the competing intellectual traditions of Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Mill, and frequently clarifies the discussion with schematic diagrams of the arguments. In addition, he offers practical guidelines for new research and advanced study aimed at senior and graduate students of political sociology, social movements, collective behavior, and political developments.
From Muhammad to Bin Laden: Religious and Ideological Sources of the Homicide Bombers Phenomenon
by David BukayFrom Muhammad to Bin Laden analyzes the ideological, religious, and cultural foundations of one of the most inconceivable phenomena in contemporary world politics. Bukay analyzes the homicide bombings and atrocities perpetuated by worldwide jihad. He also uses information from primary sources to suggest how to cope with this lethal phenomenon.The book explores the meaning and interpretation of the seemingly benign concept of da'wah, the expansion of the Islamic community. Da'wah provides the religious and ideological justification for the lethal phenomenon of worldwide jihad; it describes the incentive and motivational drive that support the emergence and the operation of the fundamentalist Islamic movement. Bukay locates the dimensions of the phenomenon of jihad as well as the reasons, motivations, and aspects of the behavior of fundamentalist groups. The importance of this work lies in its skillful combination of historical perspectives and contemporary dynamics, religious and anthropological aspects of the phenomena, and its use of research tools of both the humanities and social sciences.By exploring the religious and cultural foundations of homicide bombers' activities, Bukay explains the essence of jihad, how it is connected to the da'wah, and together, how da'wah and jihad serve as the platform of the current worldwide terrorist activities. Bukay quotes religious edicts and declarations of classical and modern Islamic texts, as well as contemporary Islamic fanatic movements from Ibn Hanbal in the eighth century to Sayyid Qutb in the mid-twentieth century. He also aims to bring to the world's consciousness the aims and objectives of fundamentalist Islam. The volume concludes by challenging the free world to wake up before the bells of another world war start to ring. From Muhammad to Bin Laden will interest scholars, policymakers, and lay readers. Its importance is transparent, particularly in light of the current developments in the Middle East.
From Mukogodo to Maasai: Ethnicity and Cultural Change In Kenya (Case Studies in Anthropology)
by Lee CronkExplores the strategic manipulation of ethnic identity by the Mukogodo of Kenya. Can one change one's ethnicity? Can an entire ethnic group change its ethnicity? This book focuses on the strategic manipulation of ethnic identity by the Mukogodo of Kenya. Until the 1920s and 1930s, the Mukogodo were Cushitic-speaking foragers (hunters, gatherers, and beekeepers). However, changes brought on by British colonial policies led them to move away from life as independent foragers and into the orbit of the high-status Maasai, whom they began to emulate. Today, the Mukogodo form the bottom rung of a regional socioeconomic ladder of Maa-speaking pastoralists. An interesting by-product of this sudden ethnic change has been to give Mukogodo women, who tend to marry up the ladder, better marital and reproductive prospects than Mukogodo men. Mukogodo parents have responded with an unusual pattern of favoring daughters over sons, though they emulate the Maasai by verbally expressing a preference for sons. 0813337054 That Complex Whole : Culture and the Evolution of Human Behavior 0813340942 from Mukogodo to Maasai : Ethnicity and Cultural Change in Kenya
From Multiculturalism to Democratic Discrimination: The Challenge of Islam and the Re-emergence of Europe’s Nationalism
by Alberto Spektorowski Daphna ElfersyThe effect of Islam on Western Europe has been profound. Spektorowski and Elfersy argue that it has transformed European democratic values by inspiring an ultra-liberalism that now faces an ultra-conservative backlash. Questions of what to do about Muslim immigration, how to deal with burqas, how to deal with gender politics, have all been influenced by western democracies’ grappling with ideas of inclusion and most recently, exclusion. This book examines those forces and ultimately sees, not an unbridgeable gap, but a future in which Islam and European democracies are compatible, rich, and evolving.
From Multiculturalism to Integration: Muslim Women and Preventing Violent Extremism Policies in the UK, 2001–2016
by Abeeda QureshiThis book is key to the debates surrounding the achievement of Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE), a crucial aspect of SDG16 – ‘Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions’. It examines the role of Muslim women activists in the implementation of ethno-religious minority policies in the UK. It presents a comprehensive analysis of Muslim women’s engagement with political and governance processes over the years, especially the execution of PVE policies in the aftermath of the 7/7 bombings in the UK. It studies the extent to which the government has been successful in its policy of involving Muslim women in governing contexts, by referring to changes that these women have brought about as part of the government’s consultative forums and meetings. Drawing on evidence based on documentary analysis and in-depth elite interviews, the author highlights the positive role of non-elected Muslim women in the wider debate on countering extremism and radicalization. An important contribution to the study of minority policies in the UK, the book will be useful for students and researchers of security studies, public policy, minority studies, politics, multiculturalism, terrorism, race and ethnic studies, and sociology.
From Munich To Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt's America And The Origins Of The Second World War (American Ways Series)
by David ReynoldsFour years before Pearl Harbor, the United States had turned in on itself, mired in the Great Depression and fearing entanglement in another European war. Four years after Pearl Harbor, it accounted for half the world's economic output and boasted a navy and air force second to none. The period from 1938 to 1941, David Reynolds argues in his brilliant new book, was a turning point in modern American history. Drawing upon his own research and the latest scholarship, Mr. Reynolds shows how Franklin Roosevelt led Americans into a new global perspective on foreign policy, one based on geopolitics and ideology. FDR insisted that in an age of airpower, U.S. security required allies far beyond the Western Hemisphere, and that in an era of dictatorships, American values could and should transform the world. Months before Pearl Harbor, he had popularized the term "second world war." Mr. Reynolds, in his succinct overview of American foreign policy from Munich to Pearl Harbor, shows how the president used his new perspective in responding to international shocks—the fall of France, Hitler's invasion of Russia, Japan's drive into Southeast Asia. But one of the signal accomplishments of From Munich to Pearl Harbor is also to explain how the main features of America's cold war posture (following World War II) were established in the years before the war—a new globalism, a bipolar worldview, the foundations of the military-industrial complex, and the origins of the "imperial presidency."
From Muskets To Missiles: Politics And Professionalism In The Chinese Army, 1945-1981
by Harlan W. JencksThis book examines the extent, nature, and political implications of professionalization in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). It provides a description and evaluation of the military, political, economic, and social context within which PLA officers have functioned since the civil war.
From Naked Ape to Superspecies
by David Suzuki Holly DresselFor millennia, we lived in harmony with the Earth, taking only what we required to survive. But in just the past few centuries, we have used our powers to satisfy our obsession with consumption and new technology, without regard for the consequences. And in doing so, we have exploited our surroundings on an unprecedented scale. In this revised and updated edition of From Naked Ape to Superspecies, David Suzuki and Holly Dressel lucidly describe how we have evolved beyond our needs, trampling other species, believing that we can make the Earth work the way we want it to. And they introduce us to the people who are fighting back, those who are resisting the inexorable advance of the "global economy" juggernaut, the people whose voices are difficult to hear over the din of corporate public relations machines. We learn about how human arrogance-demonstrated by our disregard for the small and microscopic species that constitute the Earth's engine and our reckless use of technological inventions like powerful herbicides or genetically engineered crops-is threatening the health of our children and the safety of our food supply.
From National To Intnlsm V10: U. S. Foreign Policy Before 1917 (Foreign Policies Of The Great Powers Ser.)
by IriyeFirst published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
From Nationalism to Fascist Europeanism: Italy, the Francophone World, and the Empire Myth (Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right)
by Emanuel RotaThis book traces the intellectual history of fascist Europeanism, examining how Italian and Francophone fascist thinkers envisioned European unity as a means of consolidating power, overcoming nationalist divisions, and resisting external threats rather than promoting peace or democracy.Readers will discover how fascist thinkers—from Mussolini and Drieu La Rochelle to Evola, Thiriart, and Romualdi—reimagined European unity as a radical alternative to liberal democracy, driven by visions of power, hierarchy, and racial identity. By exploring pivotal debates on nationalism, modernity, and empire, this book reveals the hidden ideological struggles within fascist Europeanism and their enduring legacy in today’s far-right movements. Richly grounded in historical analysis and original sources, it provides a provocative new perspective on European integration as an ongoing political battleground.This book is intended for scholars, researchers, and students of modern European history, fascism, and political ideologies. It will also be of interest to those studying contemporary far-right movements and the historical roots of European integration.