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Leaving World War II Behind
by David SwansonThis book documents the case that World War II happened in such a different world that it has little relevance to today's foreign policy, as well as the case that U.S. participation in WWII was not justifiable. Specifically, WWII was not fought to rescue anyone from persecution, was not necessary for defense, was the most damaging and destructive event yet to occur, and would not have happened had any one of these factors been missing: World War I, the manner in which WWI was ended, U.S. funding and arming of Nazis, a U.S. arms race with Japan, U.S. development of racial segregation, U.S. development of eugenics, U.S. development of genocide and ethnic cleansing, or the U.S. and British prioritization of opposing the Soviet Union at all costs. The author corrects numerous misconceptions about the most popular and misunderstood war in western culture, in order to build a case for moving to a world beyond war.
Leaving the 20th Century: The Incomplete Work of the Situationist International
by Christopher GrayThe first Situationist text to be published in the UK in 1974, 'Leaving the 20th Century' was Chris Gray and the English situationists' attempt to capture and distil the vibrant anti-art, anti-capitalist energy of the original International Situationist texts (1957-74). With its loose translations and irreverent commentary, Gray and co. attempted to capture the "terrorism, wit and general megalomania" of the original publications, whilst faithfully reprinting the "photographs of girls, soldiers, bombings, comic-strip frames, maps of cities and diagrams of labyrinths, cathedrals and gardens." From the art/anti-art beginnings, to the role of the Situationists in the worker-student insurrection of May 68', 'Leaving the 20th Century' remains the definitive English pro-situ text.
Leaving the Gay Place: Billy Lee Brammer and the Great Society
by Tracy Daugherty&“By turns a strong, clear biography (with shades of rock n roll memoir), a poetic ode to various places and people in midcentury Texas and an oral history.&” —Texas Observer Acclaimed by critics as a second F. Scott Fitzgerald, Billy Lee Brammer was once one of the most engaging young novelists in America. When he published his first and only novel, The Gay Place, in 1961, literary luminaries such as David Halberstam, Willie Morris, and Gore Vidal hailed his debut. Halberstam called it &“a classic . . . [A] stunning, original, intensely human novel inspired by Lyndon Johnson . . . It will be read a hundred years from now.&” More recently, James Fallows, Gary Fisketjon, and Christopher Lehmann have affirmed The Gay Place&’s continuing relevance, with Lehmann asserting that it is &“the one truly great modern American political novel.&” Leaving the Gay Place tells a sweeping story of American popular culture and politics through the life and work of a writer who tragically exemplifies the highs and lows of the country at mid-century. Tracy Daugherty follows Brammer from the halls of power in Washington, DC, where he worked for Senate majority leader Johnson, to rock-and-roll venues where he tripped out with Janis Joplin, and ultimately to back alleys of self-indulgence and self-destruction. Constantly driven to experiment with new ways of being and creating—often fueled by psychedelics—Brammer became a cult figure for an America on the cusp of monumental change, as the counterculture percolated through the Eisenhower years and burst out in the sixties. In Daugherty&’s masterful recounting, Brammer&’s story is a quintessential American story, and Billy Lee is our wayward American son.
Leaving the Muslim Brotherhood: Self, Society and the State (Middle East Today)
by Mustafa MenshawyThe book offers a processual and discursive perspective on how individuals exit the Muslim Brotherhood. The framework is based on an interaction of ‘micro’ psychological and emotional factors, ‘meso’ organizational factors and ‘macro’ political developments linked to the specific case of the Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt during the Arab Spring. Based on interviews conducted in Egypt, Turkey, Qatar and the United Kingdom, the author traces in-depth narratives of exiters while they return to their private life or resort to political activism of another stripe. This work examines thought-provoking patterns pertaining to elements long under-explored in the scholarship and stands out as it systematically identifies this unexamined subset of Brotherhood members: peaceful leavers.
Leaving without Losing: The War on Terror after Iraq and Afghanistan
by Mark N. KatzAs the United States withdraws its combat troops from Iraq and Afghanistan, politicians, foreign policy specialists, and the public are worrying about the consequences of leaving these two countries. Neither nation can be considered stable, and progress toward democracy in them—a principal aim of America and the West—is fragile at best. But, international relations scholar Mark N. Katz asks: Could ending both wars actually help the United States and its allies to overcome radical Islam in the long term?Drawing lessons from the Cold War, Katz makes the case that rather than signaling the decline of American power and influence, removing military forces from Afghanistan and Iraq puts the U.S. in a better position to counter the forces of radical Islam and ultimately win the war on terror. He explains that since both wars will likely remain intractable, for Washington to remain heavily involved in either is counter-productive. Katz argues that looking to its Cold War experience would help the U.S. find better strategies for employing America’s scarce resources to deal with its adversaries now. This means that, although leaving Afghanistan and Iraq may well appear to be a victory for America’s opponents in the short term—as was the case when the U.S. withdrew from Indochina—the larger battle with militant Islam can be won only by refocusing foreign and military policy away from these two quagmires.This sober, objective assessment of what went wrong in the U.S.–led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and the ways the West can disentangle itself and still move forward draws striking parallels with the Cold War. Anyone concerned with the future of the War on Terror will find Katz’s argument highly thought provoking.
Lebanese Political Parties: Dream of a Republic (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)
by Christian ThuseltThis book examines Lebanese political parties and their encounters with modernity. Taking three, mainly Christian parties as an example, the book refutes the idea of Middle Eastern parties being backwards or antiquated. By combining historical and anthropological perspectives, it is shown that these parties stand for normativities of modernity. Lebanese, as well as Middle Eastern parties in general, have a rather poor reputation: they are considered family-based, ideologically meaningless, tailored solely to their leadership, and non-modern. Contrastingly, this book claims that the concept of the "real party" corresponds to an encounter with modernity and that these parties, although dysfunctional in parts, are better than their reputation. Most importantly, Lebanese parties are taking the nation-state as their central reference point, as they recognise it as the legitimate form of societal organization. The volume claims that important constituents of modernity, such as the individual, the nation, secularity, progress, and representing the people (demos), serve for the parties in question as resources of utopian elements informing much of these parties’ identities. Bringing Lebanese political parties into a global debate on modernity, the book tackles the notion of parties of the Middle East being non-modern. It will be of interest to scholars researching political science, political history and the Middle East.
Lebanese Shi‘ite Leadership, 1920–1970s
by Omri NirThis book examines the coalitions and relationships within the power centers of Shi'ite politics during the era of political feudalism in Lebanon. The author maps the Shi'ite leadership and its inter-connections, including the alliances and rivalry between prominent Zu'ama, clans, and Ulama' from the formation of Lebanon in 1920 to the decline of old Shi'ite politics and the emergence of popular movements in the 1970s. The work also explains the role of prominent intellectuals within these power centers.
Lebanon Facing The Arab Uprisings
by Daniel Meier Rosita Di PeriThis book provides an intimate picture of Lebanon, exploring the impacts of the Arab uprisings of 2011 which are deeply affecting Lebanese politics and society. The book examines Lebanon's current issues and its deep sectarian divisions, as well as the ways in which it still seems able to find some adaptation paths to face the many challenges left by its regional sectarian and political polarization. Authors delve into border regions, Syrian refugees, the welfare state, the Lebanese Army, popular mobilisations in 2011 and the two main communities, the Sunnis and the Shia. Built on various fieldwork researches, the volume explores each of the topics through the lenses of identification building processes, the re-ordering of social and/or political relations, and the nationhood symbols and meanings.
Lebanon after the Syrian Withdrawal: External Intervention, Power-Sharing and Political Instability
by Ohannes GeukjianLebanon experienced serious instability and ethno-national conflict following the Syrian withdrawal in 2005, compounded by the Arab Spring, which led to regional instability and civil war in Iraq and Syria. Why did consociational democracy fail? Was failure inevitable? What impact could external powers play in creating an environment where consociationalism might be successfully implemented? This book addresses these key questions and provides a comprehensive analysis of how internal and external elite relations influence the chances of a successful regulation of ethno-national conflict through power-sharing. Exploring the roles played by Syria, Qatar, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United States and France, it argues that external actors in the Lebanese conflict largely determined whether power-sharing was successfully established and shows that the consociational democratic model cannot provide long-term conflict regulation in their absence. The author argues that relationships between internal and external actors determine the prospects for successful conflict regulation and pinpoints the crucial role of the external forces in the creation of power-sharing agreements in Lebanon concluding that future success is dependent on the maintenance of positive, exogenous pressures. This book will be of key interest to students and scholars studying politics, international relations, and Middle East studies.
Lebanon and the Arab Uprisings: In the Eye of the Hurricane (Durham Modern Middle East and Islamic World Series)
by Maximilian Felsch Martin WählischThe Arab uprisings have put Lebanon under increased strain. While the revolutions in Tunisia and Egypt caused limited reverberations, the war in Syria echoed in the fine-tuned political and confessional balance of Lebanon. Over one million refugees, equal to one-quarter of Lebanon’s population, have moved in from Syria. The country’s economy and its already weak public infrastructure have been impacted heavily. Hizbullah’s engagement in Syria has posed questions about Lebanon’s disassociation policy. Terrorist attacks by ISIL and the growing risk of radicalization across the confessional spectrum have left the country at unease. However, Lebanon’s political elites have vowed to shield the country from regional turbulences. Lebanon recently saw a series of demonstrations because of the inability of the government to manage the garbage crisis, but it has been far from witnessing a large-scale citizen uprising similar to the 2005 Cedar Revolution or the revolts next door. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current situation in Lebanon, and a detailed assessment of the difficulties which the country is currently facing.
Lebanon: A Country in Fragments
by Andrew ArsanLebanon seems a country in the grip of permanent crisis. In recent years it has suffered blow after blow, from Rafiq Hariri's assassination in 2005, to the 2006 July War, to the current Syrian conflict, which has brought a million refugees streaming into the country. <p><p> This is an account not just of Lebanon's high politics, with its endless rows, walk-outs, machinations and foreign alliances, but also of the politics of everyday life: all the stresses and strains the country's inhabitants face, from electricity black-outs and uncollected rubbish to stagnating wages and property bubbles. Andrew Arsan moves between parliament and the public squares where protesters gather, between luxury high-rises and refugee camps, and between expensive nightclubs and seafront promenades, providing a comprehensive view of Lebanon in the twenty-first century. <p><p> Where others have treated Lebanon's woes as exceptional, a by-product of its sectarianism and particular vulnerability to regional crises, Arsan argues that there is nothing particular about Lebanon's predicament. Rather, it is a country of the age--one of neoliberal economics, populist fervor, forced displacement, rising xenophobia, and public disillusion. Lebanon, in short, offers us a lens through which to look on our times.
Lebanon: Levantine Calvary, 1958–1990 (Cold War, 1945–1991)
by Al J. VenterWhen the world held its breath It is 25 years since the end of the Cold War, now a generation old. It began over 75 years ago, in 1944long before the last shots of the Second World War had echoed across the wastelands of Eastern Europewith the brutal Greek Civil War. The battle lines are no longer drawn, but they linger on, unwittingly or not, in conflict zones such as Iraq, Somalia and Ukraine. In an era of mass-produced AK-47s and ICBMs, one such flashpoint was the LevantIt is axiomatic that the recent history of much of the Eastern Mediterranean is linked to the creation of the state of Israel in May 1948, incontestably so. The country emerged from a series of conflicts and these have continued intermittently ever since, fuelled as much by ArabIsraeli enmity, national pride and territorial aspirations as hostile neighbours. Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt and in the latter phases, Iran were all part of it. There were rich pickings in the regions for the two great powers of the Cold War as they aligned with one side or the other, the Soviets in full support of Arab interests and the Jewish State enjoying the support of Washington. That combination not only led to several Middle Eastern wars but, as we are able to observe in todays news reports, the knock-on effect continues in Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Syria especially. For much of the period under review it was Lebanon that took the brunt of it, with resident Christian, Sunni, Shiite as well as Israeli interests deploying multiple levels of force much of it clandestine to jockey for predominance. Throughout, land, sea and air forces were involved.Al Venter has devoted a good deal of his career towards covering these developments, from the early 1970s all the way through to the end of the Lebanese civil war in 1991. He has been to war with both Arab and Jew (he was with the IDF strike force headed by Ariel Sharon when he entered Beirut in 1982); spent time in Syria (visited that countrys southern front adjacent to the Golan Heights); been on combat missions with the Israeli-backed South Lebanese Army in the Druze homeland adjacent to Mount Heron and has been embedded with the Lebanese Force Command along Beiruts Green Line, where many of his photos used in this publication were taken. Venter also spent a lot of time in South Lebanon with UNIFIL, the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, and was able to observe from up close the growing influence of the Pasdaran, Tehrans surrogate force in the region that eventually spawned Hezhollah. His last visit, in 1997, included contacts while hosted by Lebanese President General mile Lahoud with senior Iranian-supported Hezbollah elements in Beirut, one of few Western correspondents to have achieved this distinction.
Lebanon: The Politics of Frustration - The Failed Coup of 1961 (History and Society in the Islamic World)
by Adel BesharaLebanon examines the ideological, political and social underpinnings of the attempted coup against General Chihab's government in Lebanon in 1961. The author analyzes the role of the Syrian Socialist Nationalist Party, the history of the army in Lebanon and it role in Lebanese politics and the impact of the coup on Lebanese political life. This book provides an extraordinary insight into the mechanisms of military coups in the Arab world and will be of interest to students and researchers of the history and politics of the Middle East.
Lebanon: The Politics of a Penetrated Society (The Contemporary Middle East #Vol. 6)
by Tom NajemIn a time of great political change and unrest in the Middle East, this highly topical text offers a succinct account of the contemporary political environment in Lebanon. Tom Najem provides both a developed understanding of the pre-civil war system and an analysis of how circumstances resulting from the civil war combined with essential pre-war elements to define politics in Lebanon. Systematically exploring Lebanon’s history, society and politics, the author stresses the importance of the crucial role of external actors in the Lebanese system. The analysis encompasses: the formation of the state weaknesses and dynamics of the Lebanese state the civil war post-war government and change the Lebanese economy foreign policy. Written in a clear and accessible manner, this book fills a conspicuous gap in the existing academic literature on Lebanon. It will be of interest not only to students of international politics and Middle East studies, but also to anyone travelling in or wanting to learn more about the region.
Lebanon: The Rise and Fall of a Secular State under Siege
by Mark FarhaWhy has secularism faced such challenges in the Middle East and in Lebanon in particular? In light of dominating headlines about the spread of sectarianism and the so-called death of Arab secularism, Mark Farha addresses the need for a thorough examination of the history of secular thought and practice in the region. By offering a comprehensive, systematic account of the underlying ideological, socio-economic, and political factors involved, Farha provides a new understanding of the historical roots of secularism as well as the potential causes for the continued resistance a fully deconfessionalized state faces both in Lebanon and in the region at large. Drawing on a vast corpus of primary and secondary sources to examine the varying political parties and ideologies involved, this book provides a fresh approach to the study of religion and politics in the Arab world and beyond.
Lebanon: War and Politics in a Fragmented Society
by Charles WinslowWinslow provides a comprehensive history and political analysis of Lebanon from ancient times to the present day. He focuses on the civil and sectarian strife that has characterized the country's past and contemporary history.
Leben - Teilhaben - Altwerden: Vermutungen und Gewissheiten
by Anton AmannLeben muss als Ergebnis der Evolution aufgefasst werden und menschliches Leben als die Entstehung der Art Sapiens aus der Gattung des Homo aus der Familie der Menschenaffen. Wird die Entstehung menschlichen Lebens als evolutionäre Tatsache mit der Vorstellung sozialen Lebens gekoppelt, werden wir auf die konstruktive Hervorbringung der menschlichen Lebensformen verwiesen, deren integraler Bestandteil gesellschaflichte Teilhabe ist. Teilhabe ist einerseits an die Phylogenese der Art Sapiens rückgebunden, muss andererseits aber von jedem Menschen in der Ontogenese neu erworben und praktiziert werden, wobei er auf Umwelt angewiesen ist. Teilhabe im Alter ist eine eigene Spezifikation der Bedingungen dieses Prozesses und lässt sich anhand einer Vielzahl von empirischen Befunden darstellen.
Leben und Alltag in Malaysia
by Souchou YaoMalaysia ist eine wohlhabende, sich entwickelnde Nation in Südostasien. Seine Bürger sind mit den Problemen konfrontiert, die das Leben der Menschen überall auf der Welt kennzeichnen. Diese Probleme betreffen die Familie und die wirtschaftliche Sicherheit ebenso wie die existenziellen Entscheidungen, die wir gewöhnlich mit den Bewohnern entwickelter Gesellschaften verbinden. Mit der Kunst der Ethnographie und der kulturellen Analyse des Anthropologen zeigt das Buch, wie gewöhnliche Malaysier mit den Unwägbarkeiten und der Unbeständigkeit ihrer täglichen Existenz umgehen. In einer leicht postkolonialen Geste überträgt Doing Lifework in Malaysia das Werk von Heidegger, Arendt, Camus und Sartre - den Meistern des europäischen Existenzialismus - auf eine Situation, die erkennbar aus der "Dritten Welt" stammt. Das Ergebnis ist eine Reihe eindringlicher und erhellender Essays, die ein breites Spektrum sozialer Akteure abdecken, darunter eine tamilische Hausangestellte, die Filmemacherin Jasmin Ahmed, ein malaiischer Großhändler, der zum Ökologen wurde, eine Gruppe chinesischer Händler im Landesinneren von Sarawak und eine ehemalige kommunistische Aufständische. Diese faszinierende Studie beleuchtet das malaysische Gesellschaftsleben neu und rückt dabei Themen in den Mittelpunkt, die in anderen Berichten normalerweise nicht behandelt werden: Hinduistische Verehrung als Auflehnung gegen die Tradition, Gabentausch und Globalisierung, Rassenneid und Psychoanalyse, Kleinstkapitalismus und Einsamkeit.
Lebenszykluskostenbasierte Anreizsysteme für die öffentliche Beschaffung: Konzeption und Gestaltungsempfehlungen für komplexe Investitionsgüter (Supply Chain Management)
by Sven WehkingDie öffentliche Beschaffung umfasst allein in Deutschland rund 350 Mrd. € mit steigender Tendenz. Grund genug, sich mit innovativen Konzepten zu beschäftigen, um die öffentliche Beschaffung möglichst effizient und effektiv zu gestalten. Lebenszykluskosten und Lebenszykluskostenmanagement sind bereits seit langer Zeit Gegenstand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Mit der Novellierung des öffentlichen Vergaberechts im Jahr 2016 werden Lebenszykluskosten erstmals explizit als Zuschlagskriterium genannt, womit dem Anspruch an eine ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit der öffentlichen Beschaffung Rechnung getragen wird. Aufgrund von Fehlanreizen für Auftragnehmer bedarf es jedoch Anreizsysteme, um die kontrahierten Lebenszykluskosten auch einzuhalten. Darauf aufbauend soll mit dem in diesem Buch vorgelegten Konzept ein Versuch unternommen werden, diese Herausforderung anzugehen.
Lecciones para el inconformista aturdido en tres horas y cuarto, por un ensayista inexperto y sin papeles
by Irene LozanoEn medio de una profunda crisis económica, provocada por los excesos del capitalismo, sería de esperar un auge de la izquierda. Pero los partidos laboristas, socialistas y socialdemócratas se desangran en toda Europa. Parece haber cada vez menos izquierda, pero ¿qué ocurre con los izquierdistas? ¿Se han convertido en unos sin techo de las ideas de progreso, desquiciados por las incongruencias de la izquierda oficial? Irene Lozano recorre las causas de su aturdimiento desde la caída del Muro de Berlín, para esbozar lo que a su juicio deberían ser las "ideas-fuerza" de la izquierda hoy. Con originalidad, la autora aborda el declive del papel del intelectual en la discusión pública, en un ensayo que hará pensar y disfrutar a los lectores. Sólo han de cumplir un requisito: estar dispuestos a dejarse sorprender durante tres horas y cuarto.
Lech Walesa: Democrat Or Dictator?
by Jaroslaw KurskiDrawing on his unique insider's perspective as press spokesman for Lech Walesa from October 1989 to July 1990, Jaroslaw Kurski has written the first critical, clear-eyed account of the Polish leader's personal and political style. During his time in Walesa's office, Kurski became acquainted with the many forces and ambitions-which were unknown to t
Lectures in Austrian Economics, Volume I: Human Action, Competition Theory, Entrepreneurship, and Price Theory (Palgrave Studies in Austrian Economics)
by Jesús Huerta de SotoThis book, the first of two volumes, comes to life through the transcription of captivating classroom lectures spanning several years, providing a comprehensive overview of the core topics within Austrian economics. With a focus on microeconomics, it explores foundational ideas within Austrian economics, including human action, entrepreneurship, competition theory, and price theory, to give readers a deep understanding of each topic unravelling complex economic concepts with clarity and precision. Economic uncertainty, rationality, marginal utility, productivity, exchange interactions, valuation, price determination, and monopoly are also discussed. Through a seamless blend of theory and real-world examples, readers are invited to challenge conventional wisdom and explore the implications of Austrian economics on society and individual freedom. This book offers an accessible and engaging synthesis of Austrian economics that redefines the topic within modern economics. It will be relevant to students, teachers, and scholars of many other academic institutions around the world, interested in the approach of the Austrian School of economics and its relevance in today’s ever-evolving world.
Lectures in Austrian Economics, Volume II: Monetary Policy, Capital Theory, Business Cycles and Interventionism (Palgrave Studies in Austrian Economics)
by Jesús Huerta de SotoThis book, the second of two volumes, provides a comprehensive overview of the core topics within Austrian economics. With a focus on macroeconomics, it explores foundational ideas within Austrian economics, including monetary and banking theory, law, capital theory, business cycles, the relationship between the market and the state, and interventionism. These ideas are contextualized within the history of economic thought, in particular the work of Ludwig von Mises. The Keynesian system, reform to the banking system, wages, social order, fiscal policy, and the political economy of ethics are also discussed. This book offers an accessible and engaging synthesis of Austrian economics that redefines the topic within modern economics. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in Austrian economics and the political economy.
Lectures on Inequality, Poverty and Welfare
by Antonio VillarThese lectures aim to help readers understand the logics and nature of the main indicators of inequality and poverty, with special attention to their social welfare underpinnings. The key approach consists in linking inequality and poverty measurement with welfare evaluation. As concern for inequality and poverty stems from ethical considerations, the measurement of those aspects necessarily involves some value judgments. Those value judgments can be linked, directly or indirectly, to welfare assessments on the distribution of personal and social opportunities. Inequality and poverty are thus considered to be partial aspects of the welfare evaluation of the opportunities in a given society. The volume includes two applications that illustrate how the models can be implemented. They refer to inequality of opportunity and poverty in education, using PISA data.
Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy
by Hannah ArendtHannah Arendt's last philosophical work was an intended three-part project entitled The Life of the Mind. Unfortunately, Arendt lived to complete only the first two parts, Thinking and Willing. Of the third, Judging, only the title page, with epigraphs from Cato and Goethe, was found after her death. As the titles suggest, Arendt conceived of her work as roughly parallel to the three Critiques of Immanuel Kant. In fact, while she began work on The Life of the Mind, Arendt lectured on "Kant's Political Philosophy," using the Critique of Judgment as her main text. The present volume brings Arendt's notes for these lectures together with other of her texts on the topic of judging and provides important clues to the likely direction of Arendt's thinking in this area.