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Latin American Democracy: Emerging Reality or Endangered Species?
by Orlando J. Pérez Richard L. Millett Jennifer S. HolmesMore than thirty years have passed since Latin America began the arduous task of transitioning from military-led rule to democracy. In this time, more countries have moved toward the institutional bases of democracy than at any time in the region’s history. Nearly all countries have held free, competitive elections and most have had peaceful alternations in power between opposing political forces. Despite these advances, however, Latin American countries continue to face serious domestic and international challenges to the consolidation of stable democratic governance. The challenges range from weak political institutions, corruption, legacies of militarism, transnational crime, and globalization among others. In the second edition of Latin American Democracy contributors – both academics and practitioners, North Americans, Latin Americans, and Spaniards—explore and assess the state of democratic consolidation in Latin America by focusing on the specific issues and challenges confronting democratic governance in the region. This thoroughly updated revision provides new chapters on: the environment, decentralization, the economy, indigenous groups, and the role of China in the region.
Latin American Development (Routledge Perspectives on Development)
by Julie CupplesLatin America’s diverse political and economic struggles and triumphs have captured the global imagination. The region has been a site of brutal dictators, revolutionary heroes, the Cold War struggle and as a place in which the global debt crisis has had some of its most lasting and devastating impacts. Latin America continues to undergo rapid transformation, demonstrating both inspirational change and frustrating continuities. This text provides a comprehensive introduction to Latin American development in the twenty-first century, emphasizing political, economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions of development. It considers key challenges facing the region and the diverse ways in which its people are responding, as well as providing analysis of the ways in which such challenges and responses can be theorized. This book also explores the region’s historical trajectory, the implementation and rejection of the neoliberal model and the role played by diverse social movements. Relations of gender, class and race are considered, as well as the ways in which media and popular culture are forging new global imaginaries of the continent. The text also considers the increasing difficulties that Latin America faces in confronting climate change and environmental degradation. This accessible text gives an overarching historical and geographical analysis of the region and critical analysis of recent developments. It is accompanied by a diverse range of critical historical and contemporary case studies from all parts of the continent, providing readers with the conceptual tools required to analyse theories on Latin American development. Each chapter ends with a summary section, discussion topics, suggestions for further reading, websites and media resources. This is an indispensable resource for scholars, students and practitioners.
Latin American Development Priorities: Costs and Benefits
by Bjørn LomborgMany countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have achieved considerable economic growth, yet the region still faces many seemingly intractable problems. The conventional wisdom in development agencies - that prioritization is impossible and that everything must be done - is simply not effective. Latin American Development Priorities shows how limited resources could be used for the greatest benefit of the Latin American and Caribbean region. A panel of economists met over three days in San José to review proposals to tackle the ten most important challenges, which emerged from a survey by the Inter-American Development Bank. The expert panel was asked a question which appears simple but is actually very difficult to answer: What should Latin American governments do with an additional nominal $10 billion? Hard choices are needed if Latin America's problems are to be tackled effectively. This book provides the means to make those choices as objectively as possible.
Latin American Diasporas in Public Diplomacy (Palgrave Macmillan Series in Global Public Diplomacy)
by Vanessa Bravo Maria De MoyaThis book on Latin American Diasporas in Public Diplomacy explains and illustrates, through case studies, the different strategic roles that diaspora groups play in modern public diplomacy efforts. These are categorized by being participatory, having a strong involvement of non-state actors, involving frequent partnerships, and placing an increased focus on global issues. In particular, this book provides, in its 13 chapters, the perspective of Latin American diasporas and nations, which are severely underrepresented in the public diplomacy literature. Additionally, because it is written from a strategic communication perspective, this book provides insight into a variety of public diplomacy approaches employed by modern-day diasporas from Latin America. It also describes some examples of diaspora-targeted, state-led public diplomacy efforts in the region. Taking a regional focus to the exploration of diasporas in public diplomacy, this edited book facilitates cross-country comparisons and the understanding of the phenomena beyond the country-specific cases.
Latin American Economic Development (Routledge Textbooks in Development Economics)
by Javier A. Reyes W. Charles SawyerLatin America is one of the most intriguing parts of the world. The region’s illustrious history, culture, and geography are famous internationally, but in terms of economics, Latin America has been generally associated with problems. For many, the combination of a resource-rich region and poor economic conditions has been a puzzle.This extensively revised and updated third edition of Latin American Economic Development continues to provide the most up-to-date exploration of why the continent can be considered to have underperformed, how the various Latin American economies function, and the future prospects for the region. The book addresses the economic problems of Latin America theme by theme.Changes and new features in this new edition include: • a new chapter on economic growth that reflects the new understanding of slow growth in the region;• two new appendices on basic microeconomics and macroeconomics;• expanded coverage on new commodities such as lithium and quinoa;• a number of new boxes and updates to existing boxes. The book provides a comprehensive text for undergraduate economics courses on Latin America and is also suitable for use by students in other disciplines looking for a wide-ranging guide to the region. This book will continue to be an invaluable resource for undergraduates looking at Latin American economics, growth, and development.
Latin American Education: Comparative Perspectives
by Carlos Alberto Torres Adriana PuiggrósThis book offers a relevant sample of the current research on Latin American education in comparative perspective. In their introduction, Torres and Puiggros, two of the most recognized researchers of Latin American education, draw from political sociology of education, theories of the state, history of education, and deconstructionist theories to focus on changes in state formation in the region and its implications for the constitution of the pedagogical subject in public schools. Throughout the different chapters, the contributors present and analyze the most relevant topics, research agendas, and some of the key theoretical and political problems of Latin American education.
Latin American Elections: Choice and Change
by Eric Belanger Francois Gelineau Mathieu Turgeon Michael S. Lewis-Beck Richard NadeauThe Michigan model, named after the institution where it was first articulated, has been used to explain voting behavior in North American and Western European democracies. In Latin American Elections, experts on Latin America join with experts on electoral studies to evaluate the model’s applicability in this region. Analyzing data from the AmericasBarometer, a scientific public opinion survey carried out in 18 Latin American nations from 2008 to 2012, the authors find that, like democratic voters elsewhere, Latin Americans respond to long-term forces, such as social class, political party ties, and political ideology while also paying attention to short-term issues, such as the economy, crime, corruption. Of course, Latin Americans differ from other Americans, and among themselves. Voters who have experienced left-wing populism may favor government curbs on freedom of expression, for example, while voters enduring high levels of economic deprivation or instability tend to vote against the party in power. The authors thus conclude that, to a surprising extent, the Michigan model offers a powerful explanatory model for voting behavior in Latin America.
Latin American Environmental Policy In International Perspective
by Gordon J MacdonaldStarting from the stance that environmental policy has progressed from rhetoric to substance in Latin America, the editors’ proceed through a series of papers to show why, what difference it makes, and how it compares to other parts of the world. In doing so, the book touches on domestic and international factors including political institutions, international development institutions, nongovernmental organizations, and transboundary cooperation. Latin American Environmental Policy in International Perspective is one in a series of books that take a look at Latin America in Global Perspective. Previous titles have addressed politics, gender, regional integration, institutional design, and civil/military relations.
Latin American Foreign Policies towards the Middle East
by Marta Tawil KuriThis volume surveys the interplay between state and non-state actors in Latin American foreign policies and attitudes towards the Middle East in the twenty-first century. How will domestic instability and international tensions affect the choices and behavior of Latin American countries towards the Arab world? The chapters here offer insight into this and similar questions, as well as a comparative value in analyzing countries beyond those specifically discussed. Common topics in policy making are considered-namely, Israel and Palestine, Iran, the Gulf countries, and the Arab "Spring"-as authors from distinct disciplines examine the crucial relation between ends and means on the one hand, and foreign policy actions and context on the other.
Latin American Foreign Policies: Between Ideology and Pragmatism
by Peter Lambert Gian Luca GardiniIn recent years several Latin American countries have adopted a more assertive and autonomous stance in their foreign policy. The growing rejection of neo-liberalism as an ideological dogma seems to have given space to more pragmatic stances in favour of national interests.
Latin American Foreign Policies: Global And Regional Dimensions
by Elizabeth G. Ferris; Jennie K. LincolnThis collection of original essays takes a comprehensive look at Latin America's regional and global foreign policies. The book begins with an assessment of the current state of research in the field, followed by an overview of Latin American foreign policies and the political determinants of those policies. Next, an examination of the global policies of Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, and Peru demonstrates differing theoretical perspectives and provides information for cross national comparisons. The third section presents case studies of regional foreign policies in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Venezuela, Mexico, Cuba, and the Anglophone Caribbean nations. In the concluding chapter, the editors review the recurring themes in the book and propose a theory for the analysis of Latin American foreign policy behavior.
Latin American Geographies
by Sam HalvorsenLatin American Geographies introduces student readers to cutting-edge scholarship on a range of topics from Indigenous geographies to sustainable development and dependency theory. The book is written primarily by a Latin American-based authorship and blends complex theory with in-depth case studies in an accessible way for students with little prior knowledge.Each chapter contains a general overview of the topic and includes summary boxes, review questions and annotated further readings. The book is divided into three sections. Section 1, “Core Themes,” gives the reader the necessary historical, conceptual and theoretical tools to make sense of and engage in contemporary geographical debates in Latin American geographies. It is divided into four areas, covering major sub-themes (historical and colonial geographies, political geographies, economic and urban geographies, and development and environmental geographies). Section 2, “Key Perspectives,” outlines key identities and positionalities that have had a profound impact on Latin American geographies, exemplifying their significance through a range of case studies. Section 3, “Uneven Processes,” provides an in-depth analysis into core geographical trends across three main themes: ecologies, urbanisation and resistance.The book is unique in providing an introduction to Latin American geography that showcases the ideas of some of the region’s leading geographical thinkers. Aimed at undergraduate students, chapters will also be of relevance to advanced researchers looking for introductions to specific areas. The book is designed for use in the classroom as well as for independent learning.
Latin American Geopolitics: Migration, Cities and Globalization
by César Álvarez Alonso José Ignacio HernándezThis edited volume analyzes how migration, the conformation of urban areas, and globalization impact Latin American geopolitics. Globalization has decisively influenced Latin American nationhood and it has also helped create a global region with global cities that are the result of the urbanization process. Also, globalization and migration are changing Latin America's own vision as a collective community. This book tackles how migration triggers concerns about security, which lead to policies based on the protection of borders as a matter of national security. The contributors argue that economic regionalization-globalization promotes changes in the social and economic geography which refer to social phenomena, the dynamic of social classes and their spatial implications, all of which may impact economic growth on the region. The project will appeal to a wider audience including political scientists, scholars, researchers, students and non-academics interested in Latin American geopolitics.
Latin American Guerrilla Movements: Origins, Evolution, Outcomes
by Eduardo Rey Tristán Dirk Kruijt Alberto Martín ÁlvarezOrganized around single country studies embedded in key historical moments, this book introduces students to the shifting and varied guerrilla history of Latin America from the late 1950s to the present. It brings together academics and those directly involved in aspects of the guerrilla movement, to understand each country’s experience with guerrilla warfare and revolutionary activism. The book is divided in four thematic parts after two opening chapters that analyze the tradition of military involvement in Latin American politics and the parallel tradition of insurgency and coup effort against dictatorship. The first two parts examine active guerrilla movements in the 1960s and 1970s with case studies including Bolivia, Nicaragua, Peru, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. Part 3 is dedicated to the Central American Civil Wars of the 1980s and 1990s in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala. Part 4 examines specific guerrilla movements which require special attention. Chapters include Colombia’s complicated guerrilla scenery; the rivalling Shining Path and Tupac Amaru guerrillas in Peru; small guerrilla movements in Mexico which were never completely documented; and transnational guerrilla operations in the Southern Cone. The concluding chapter presents a balance of the entire Latin American guerrilla at present. Superbly accessible, while retaining the complexity of Latin American politics, Latin American Guerrilla Movements represents the best historical account of revolutionary movements in the region, which students will find of great use owing to its coverage and insights.
Latin American Migrations to the U.S. Heartland: Changing Social Landscapes in Middle America
by Linda Allegro Andrew Grant WoodResponding to inaccuracies concerning Latino immigrants in the United States as well as an anti-immigrant strain in the American psyche, this collection of essays examines the movement of the Latin American labor force to the central states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Arkansas, Missouri, and Iowa. Contributors look at the outside factors that affect migration including corporate agriculture, technology, globalization, and government, as well as factors that have attracted Latin Americans to the Heartland including religion, strong family values, hard work, farming, and cowboy culture. Several essays also point to hostile neoliberal policy reforms that have made it difficult for Latino Americans to find social and economic stability. The varied essays in Latin American Migrations to the U.S. Heartland seek to reveal the many ways in which identities, economies, and geographies are changing as Latin Americans adjust to their new homes, jobs, and communities. Contributors are Linda Allegro, Tisa M. Anders, Scott Carter, Caitlin Didier, Miranda Cady Hallett, Edmund Hamann, Albert Iaroi, Errol D. Jones, Jane Juffer, Laszlo J. Kulcsar, Janelle Reeves, Jennifer F. Reynolds, Sandi Smith-Nonini, and Andrew Grant Wood.
Latin American Military and Politics in the Twenty-first Century: A Cross-National Analysis (Routledge Studies in Latin American Politics)
by Dirk KruijtThis volume offers a comparative analysis of the role of the military in Latin America in domestic politics and governance after 2000. Divided into four parts covering the entirety of Latin America, the book argues that the Latin American military as semi-autonomous political actors have not faded away since 2000 and may even have been making a comeback in various countries. Each part outlines scenarios which effectively frame the various pathways taken to post-military democratic society. Part 1 critically examines textbook cases of political demilitarization in the Southern Cone, Peru, and Costa Rica. Part 2 contrasts the role of the military in the post-2000 politics of two regional powers: Brazil and Mexico. Part 3 examines the political role of the military facing ‘violent pluralism’ in Colombia and the Northern triangle of Central America. Finally, Part 4 identifies country cases in which the military have been instrumental in the rise, sustenance, and occasional demise of left wing revolutionary projects within Venezuela, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Bolivia. Latin American Military and Politics in the Twenty-First Century will be of interest to scholars, students and professionals in the fields of Latin American history, international relations, military studies and studies concerning democracy, political violence and revolution in Latin America elsewhere.
Latin American Modern Architectures: Ambiguous Territories
by Patricio Del Real Helen GygerLatin American Modern Architectures: Ambiguous Territories has thirteen new essays from a range of distinguished architectural historians to help you understand the region’s rich and varied architecture. It will also introduce you to major projects that have not been written about in English. A foreword by historian Kenneth Frampton sets the stage for essays on well-known architects, such as Lucio Costa and Félix Candela, which will show you unfamiliar aspects of their work, and for essays on the work of little-known figures, such as Uruguayan architect Carlos Gómez Gavazzo and Peruvian architect and politician Fernando Belaúnde Terry. Covering urban and territorial histories from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, along with detailed building analyses, this book is your best source for historical and critical essays on a sampling of Latin America's diverse architecture, providing much-needed information on key case studies. Contributors include Noemí Adagio, Pedro Ignacio Alonso, Luis Castañeda, Viviana d’Auria, George F. Flaherty, María González Pendás, Cristina López Uribe, Hugo Mondragón López, Jorge Nudelman Blejwas, Hugo Palmarola Sagredo, Gaia Piccarolo, Claudia Shmidt, Daniel Talesnik, and Paulo Tavares.
Latin American Nations In World Politics: Second Edition
by Heraldo MunozThe transition to democracy has become a reality throughout most of Latin America since this book was published, and many countries have also undertaken dramatic economic restructuring. The combination of theoretical reflection and empirical description in this revised edition offers analysis of the foreign policies of the major countries of the region, and evaluates the impact of worldwide changes on the region as a whole and on individual states.
Latin American Peasants
by Tom BrassThe essays in this collection examine agrarian transformation in Latin America and the role in this of peasants, with particular reference to Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Brazil and Central America. Among the issues covered are the impact of globalization and neo-liberal economic policies.
Latin American Perspectives on Civil-Military Relations today: History, Panorama, Analysis, Causes, Consequences, Future (Contributions to Security and Defence Studies)
by Jose Manuel Ugarte Bertha Judit Garcia GallegosThis edited volume discusses civil-military relations in Latin America. Written by regional experts, the chapters take a multifaceted approach, combining a general overview of the situation in the region, a historical analysis of its evolution and its causes, and an in-depth analysis of national cases: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela. The case studies examine power relations between armed forces and their respective governments—comparing the degree to which governments exercise political leadership, direction, supervision, and control over the armed forces and the degree of interference of armed forces in aspects of the State unrelated to traditional military missions of protection of sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity against external aggressions. Giving a nuanced view of a complex problem that continues to have a strong impact on political stability, human rights, and the quality of life in the region, the book will be of particular interest to researchers and students of international relations, Latin American politics, defense, and security studies.
Latin American Political Culture: Public Opinion and Democracy
by John A. Booth Patricia RichardLatin American Political Culture: Public Opinion and Democracy presents a genuinely pan-Latin American examination of the region’s contemporary political culture. This is the only book to extensively investigate the attitudes and behaviors of Latin Americans based on the Latin American Public Opinion Project’s (LAPOP) AmericasBarometer surveys. The findings reveal a complex Latin America with distinct political culture. Authors John Booth and Patricia Bayer Richard join rigorous analysis with clear graphic presentation and extensive examples, and readers learn about public opinion research, engage with further questions for analysis, and have access to data, an expansive bibliography, and links to appendices.
Latin American Political Economy: Financial Crisis And Political Change
by Jonathan HartlynThis book considers the historical and contemporary determinants of the financial crisis facing Latin America from a political economy perspective and compares the effects of and responses to the crisis in a number of countries. It discusses the internal policy errors that led to financial blow-ups.
Latin American Political History
by Ronald M. SchneiderThis chronologically organized new text provides comprehensive historical coverage of Latin America's politics and development from colonial times to the twenty-first century.
Latin American Political History: Patterns and Personalities
by Ronald M. SchneiderThis chronologically organized new text provides comprehensive historical coverage of Latin America's politics and development from colonial times to the twenty-first century.
Latin American Political Yearbook: 1997
by Robert G. Breene Jr."Latin America constitutes a region well-endowed with sovereign nations, cultural differences, and varying states of development and political stability. The end of the cold war and the decline of revolutionary movements and regimes has cast political perceptions of the region in a new light even as it has wrought momentous changes in the individual countries themselves. Latin American Political Yearbook: 1997 provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the major political and economic trends and events in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean both for their significance within special countries, the entire region, and relations with the world at large.Elections and the status of political forces in Latin America are the focus of part 1. It provides an up-to-date, realistic definition of today's political ""Left"" and describes the political situations in the Central American, MERCOSUR, Andean, and Caribbean nations. Moreover, special consideration is given to the case of Nicaragua. In part 2 the politico-economic backgrounds of such representative Latin American nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela are updated to demonstrate that corruption and collectivism have been responsible for most, if not all of the region's economic woes. The next two parts are concerned with the Hemispheric left (HL) and the Hemispheric Left Support, respectively, the former dealing with the loose association of Latin American Marxist and Marxist-Leninist organizations. It begins with an in-depth look at its enigmatic chief, Fidel Castro, and then discusses HL umbrella organizations; Colombian, Mexican, and Central American terrorist groups; HL narcoterrorism; and the special case of Peru. The book concludes with a look at Latin American international organizations Including trade and tariff associations, technical groupings, regional associations, and hemisphere-wide "