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Le procès de Hissein Habré: Comment les Tchadiens ont traduit un tyrant en justice
by Celeste HicksLa condamnation de Hissein Habré pour crimes contre l'humanité a été décrite comme "un tournant pour la justice des droits humains en Afrique et au-delà". Pour la première fois, un criminel de guerre africain était condamné sur le sol africain. Pour avoir, dès le début, suivi le procès et interrogé de nombreuses personnes impliquées, la journaliste Celeste Hicks raconte la remarquable histoire de la manière dont Habré a été traduit en justice. Sa condamnation fait suite à une campagne héroïque de 25 ans menée par des militants et des survivants des atrocités de Habré qui a abouti, malgré l'indifférence internationale, l'opposition des alliés de Habré et plusieurs tentatives infructueuses de le traduire en justice en Europe et ailleurs. Face à de telles difficultés, la condamnation d'un dirigeant, autrefois intouchable, représente un tournant majeur, et a de profondes implications pour la justice africaine et l'avenir de l'activisme pour les droits humains dans le monde.
Le système éducatif malien
by The World BankCe rapport constitue une mise jour de celui réalisé en 2005 et permet d'évaluer l'avancement vers les principaux objectifs de la deuxième phase du Programme d'Investissement de l'Education (PISE) en mettant en lumière à la fois les récents succès du système éducatif malien ainsi que les principaux défis auxquels il devra faire face dans les années à venir. Il a été préparé par une équipe nationale malienne avec l'appui conjoint de la Banque Mondiale et du Pôle d'Analyse Sectorielle en éducation de l'UNESCO/BREDA pour aider le Gouvernement du Mali et ses partenaires au développement dans l'élaboration de la troisième phase (2010-2012) du PISE. Ces résultats ont donc servi de base de discussions à la définition de nouveaux arbitrages pour le système et notamment la faisabilité de certains choix de politique éducative et de leur financement. Les documents de travail de la Banque mondiale sont disponibles à l'unité ou par souscription, en format imprimé ou en ligne sur internet www.worldbank.org/elibrary.
Lead Boldly: Seven Principles from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
by Robert F. SmithLeadership insights from one of history&’s most influential voices.Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated more than 55 years ago, yet his words continue to inspire millions of people, young and old—from all races and backgrounds. During his remarkable life, he embodies bold and compassionate leadership and achieved a level of influence few thought possible for a Black man born in Atlanta just before the Great Depression.Now, aspiring leaders can reflect on some of Dr. King&’s most impactful speeches and integrate his lessons into their modern leadership journeys. Robert F. Smith, Founder, Chairman and CEO of Vista Equity Partners, offers his own insights and experiences on each passage on how themes like &“The Beloved Community&”, &“Economic Justice&”, and &“Two Americas&” played a central role in his own leadership development and why the visionary ideas of Dr. King espoused are so important for leaders to understand and apply today.
Leader And Party In Latin America
by Ernest A. DuffTracing the development and decay of political parties in Latin America, this book suggests that the sociological or environmental explanations of political parties are inadequate in explaining why institutionalized political parties develop in some societies and not in others.
Leader Development in Army Units
by Peter Schirmer Nancy E. Blacker James C. Crowley Henry A. Leonard Richard R. BrennanSummarizes discussions with over 450 Army officers (lieutenants through colonels) about leader development in Army units. These discussions revealed that the type and extent of leader development activities vary greatly across units, but that they are generally informal and most heavily influenced by the unit commander. The authors conclude with suggestions on how the Army school system can improve leader development.
Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea: The Leader State (Routledge Advances in Korean Studies)
by Jae-Cheon LimThe legitimacy of the North Korean state is based solely on the leaders’ personal legitimacy, and is maintained by the indoctrination of people with leader symbols and the enactment of leadership cults in daily life. It can thus be dubbed a "leader state". The frequency of leader symbols and the richness and scale of leader-symbol-making in North Korea are simply unrivalled. Furthermore, the personality cults of North Korean leaders are central to people’s daily activity, critically affecting their minds and emotions. Both leader symbols and cult activities are profoundly entrenched in the institutions and daily life, and if separated and cancelled, the North Korean state would be transformed. This book analyses North Korea as a "leader state", focusing on two elements, leader symbols and cult activities. It argues that these elements have been, and continue to be, the backbone of North Korea, shaping North Korean culture. To reveal the "leader state" character, the book specifically examines North Korea’s leadership cults, its use of leader symbols in these cults, and the nature of the symbolism involved. How has the North Korean state developed the cult of the Kim Il Sung family? How does the state use leader symbols to perpetuate this cult? How has the state developed myths and rituals that sustain the cult in daily life? What leader images has state propaganda manufactured? How does the state’s manipulation of leader symbols affect the symbolism that is assigned to the leader’s actions? In answering these questions, this book sheds new light on the strength and resilience of the North Korean state, and shows how it has been able to survive even the most difficult economic period of the mid-1990s. Leader Symbols and Personality Cult in North Korea will be essential reading for students and scholars of North Korea, Korean politics, Asian politics, political sociology and visual politics.
Leader-Managers in the Public Sector: Managing for Results
by Michael S. Dukakis John H. PortzHighlights the skills and practices necessary for effective leader-managers in the public sector. It begins by clarifying the differences between leadership and management. It then draws on in-depth interviews with seven successful leader-managers in different policy fields to identify six critical skills and practices that are necessary for good leadership and good management in the public sector.
Leaderless Jihad
by Marc SagemanIn the post-September 11 world, Al Qaeda is no longer the central organizing force that aids or authorizes terrorist attacks or recruits terrorists. It is now more a source of inspiration for terrorist acts carried out by independent local groups that have branded themselves with the Al Qaeda name. Building on his previous groundbreaking work on the Al Qaeda network, forensic psychiatrist Marc Sageman has greatly expanded his research to explain how Islamic terrorism emerges and operates in the twenty-first century.In Leaderless Jihad, Sageman rejects the views that place responsibility for terrorism on society or a flawed, predisposed individual. Instead, he argues, the individual, outside influence, and group dynamics come together in a four-step process through which Muslim youth become radicalized. First, traumatic events either experienced personally or learned about indirectly spark moral outrage. Individuals interpret this outrage through a specific ideology, more felt and understood than based on doctrine. Usually in a chat room or other Internet-based venues, adherents share this moral outrage, which resonates with the personal experiences of others. The outrage is acted on by a group, either online or offline.Leaderless Jihad offers a ray of hope. Drawing on historical analogies, Sageman argues that the zeal of jihadism is self-terminating; eventually its followers will turn away from violence as a means of expressing their discontent. The book concludes with Sageman's recommendations for the application of his research to counterterrorism law enforcement efforts.
Leaders Who Changed History (DK People Who Changed History)
by DKExplore the lives of more than 85 of the world's most transformational and influential leaders in politics, business, religion, humanitarianism, and the military with this innovative and boldly graphic book.Comprehensive in its scope and depth, and fully illustrated, Leaders Who Changed History profiles leaders from inspirational to insidious, those who changed the world for the better and those whose corruption left enduring scars. These figures hail from all walks of life - including political, military, religious, and business. Combining accessible text with specially commissioned illustrated portraits in a range of bold styles, photographs, infographics, and timelines, entries explore the lives and legacies of each individual in a fresh, visual way. Covering political masterminds and military geniuses such as Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan, great kings and queens like Elizabeth I and Catherine the Great, icons of religion and rebellion from Mohammad to the Dalai Lama to Mahatma Ghandi, and captains of industry, Leaders Who Changed History explores and explains the world-changing actions of history's heroes and villains.
Leaders and Intelligence (Studies in Intelligence)
by Michael I. HandelFrom a systematic point of view, all intelligence work can be studied on three levels: Acquisition, analysis, and acceptance. The author focuses on the third of these levels, studying the attitudes and behavioural patterns developed by leaders during their political careers, their willingness to consider information and ideas contrary to their own, their ability to admit mistakes and change course in the implementation of a failing policy and their capacity to cooperate.
Leaders and International Conflict
by Giacomo Chiozza H. E. GoemansChiozza and Goemans seek to explain why and when political leaders decide to initiate international crises and wars. They argue that the fate of leaders and the way leadership changes, shapes leaders' decisions to initiate international conflict. Leaders who anticipate regular removal from office, through elections for example, have little to gain and much to lose from international conflict, whereas leaders who anticipate a forcible removal from office, such as through coup or revolution, have little to lose and much to gain from conflict. This theory is tested against an extensive analysis of more than 80 years of international conflict and with an intensive historical examination of Central American leaders from 1848 to 1918. Leaders and International Conflict highlights the political nature of the choice between war and peace and will appeal to all scholars of international relations and comparative politics.
Leaders and Thinkers in American History: 15 Influential People You Should Know (Biographies for Kids)
by Megan DuVarney ForbesInspiring stories of American heroes throughout history—for kids ages 8 to 12 George Washington's life illustrates the very first values that American politicians shared. The story of Tecumseh teaches us about the power of being true to yourself and defending your community. Lucretia Mott shows us how to stand up against what is wrong and speak out for what is right. Leaders and Thinkers in American History is a colorful children's history book that explores the lives of influential American figures and their incredible accomplishments. Kids will discover the stories of men and women across hundreds of years, from all different backgrounds, and how they used their passion and talent to impact the world. Go beyond other American history books with: 15 detailed biographies—Kids will learn that the history of the United States is full of fascinating and impressive people who pioneered everything from politics to technology, music, and art. Learn and grow—These powerful stories will inspire kids to find their own gifts and use them to help others and achieve their dreams. Beyond this book—For kids who want to learn even more, each biography includes suggestions for further reading and tips for getting active in their community. Get kids excited about history with a children's history book featuring extraordinary Americans from all walks of life.
Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions
by Elizabeth N. SaundersOne of the most contentious issues in contemporary foreign policy—especially in the United States—is the use of military force to intervene in the domestic affairs of other states. Some military interventions explicitly try to transform the domestic institutions of the states they target; others do not, instead attempting only to reverse foreign policies or resolve disputes without trying to reshape the internal landscape of the target state. In Leaders at War, Elizabeth N. Saunders provides a framework for understanding when and why great powers seek to transform foreign institutions and societies through military interventions. She highlights a crucial but often-overlooked factor in international relations: the role of individual leaders. Saunders argues that leaders' threat perceptions—specifically, whether they believe that threats ultimately originate from the internal characteristics of other states—influence both the decision to intervene and the choice of intervention strategy. These perceptions affect the degree to which leaders use intervention to remake the domestic institutions of target states. Using archival and historical sources, Saunders concentrates on U.S. military interventions during the Cold War, focusing on the presidencies of Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson. After demonstrating the importance of leaders in this period, she also explores the theory's applicability to other historical and contemporary settings including the post–Cold War period and the war in Iraq.
Leaders at War: How Presidents Shape Military Interventions (Cornell Studies in Security Affairs)
by Elizabeth N. SaundersOne of the most contentious issues in contemporary foreign policy—especially in the United States—is the use of military force to intervene in the domestic affairs of other states. Some military interventions explicitly try to transform the domestic institutions of the states they target; others do not, instead attempting only to reverse foreign policies or resolve disputes without trying to reshape the internal landscape of the target state. In Leaders at War, Elizabeth N. Saunders provides a framework for understanding when and why great powers seek to transform foreign institutions and societies through military interventions. She highlights a crucial but often-overlooked factor in international relations: the role of individual leaders. Saunders argues that leaders’ threat perceptions—specifically, whether they believe that threats ultimately originate from the internal characteristics of other states—influence both the decision to intervene and the choice of intervention strategy. These perceptions affect the degree to which leaders use intervention to remake the domestic institutions of target states. Using archival and historical sources, Saunders concentrates on U.S. military interventions during the Cold War, focusing on the presidencies of Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson. After demonstrating the importance of leaders in this period, she also explores the theory’s applicability to other historical and contemporary settings including the post–Cold War period and the war in Iraq.
Leaders for Tomorrow: Challenges for Military Leadership in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications)
by Marina Nuciari Eraldo OlivettaSince the end of bipolarism, the concept of asymmetric warfare, and of asymmetric conflict in general, has been increasingly applied with regard to armed forces activities and tasks. This book presents the findings of comparative empirical research conducted in selected military units by a group of distinguished experts on military organization, who hail from the eight participating countries: Bulgaria, Cameroon, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Lithuania, the Philippines and Spain.It discusses remarks made by military leaders with extensive experience in the field regarding current doctrines on military leadership and their applicability in the field, as well as proposals and suggestions for new directions.“It is a complex relation, always based on respect and politeness, but often with mismatched interests.” (Army Colonel).“It makes you realize that there is a cultural gap. You must firstly understand who you are going to relate to, and the culture of these people, and then try to establish a certain kind of relationship. Often the platoon commander states his objective and must try to establish a relationship, contact with the village chief.” (Army Lieutenant, Platoon Commander).“[In Afghanistan] We had meals with the locals, sometimes the food didn’t taste good, but you had to eat it if you wanted to be welcomed back again” (Army Captain, Company Commander).These are just some of the many voices stemming from the ground in diverse international asymmetric conflict theatres (in Iraq, in Kosovo, in Afghanistan…), comments by military officers, commanders at different hierarchical levels, asked to reflect on their experiences as military leaders in crisis response operations.Military professionals, and military leaders in particular, perceive themselves as facing ambiguous situations that require an update in their professional training, and new skills to confront unexpected and unpredictable factors. Drawing on lived experiences, the book offers insights into what a new kind of leadership means when leaders have to cope with diverse and unclear missions. It also addresses leadership styles and behaviours, as well as individual adaptive behaviours on the part of military leaders, with special reference to middle and middle-high level ranks, such as captains, majors and colonels.Given its scope, the book will appeal not only to military professionals and military affairs scholars and experts, but also to readers interested in gaining a better understanding of the challenges that international expeditionary units are facing in crisis areas around the globe.
Leaders in the Middle East and North Africa: How Ideology Shapes Foreign Policy
by Özgür Özdamar Sercan CanbolatThe study of politics in the MENA region has traditionally been dominated by historical and case study approaches. In this innovative book, Özgür Özdamar and Sercan Canbolat instead adopt a social science-based methodology to reconsider the dynamics of power and leadership in Africa and the Middle East. By analysing the psychological profiles of fourteen leaders across eight countries and three non-state organizations, they develop a nuanced portrait of modern leadership. Using this approach, the authors are able to draw connections between apparently disparate political ideologies, from Sunni Islamism to Shia revolutionism, from secular nationalism and armed non-state groups. Demonstrating the previously unacknowledged commonalities and divergences in these leaders' approaches, Özdamar and Canbolat illuminate their tactics and strategies and offer novel insights into how best to negotiate with them.
Leaders in the Shadows
by David SiegelIn most municipalities across Canada, the top public servant is the chief administrative officer (CAO) or city manager. Compared to elected politicians such as the mayor and the council, the work of a CAO is often overlooked and not well understood. In Leaders in the Shadows, David Siegel brings the CAO into the limelight, examining the leadership qualities of effective municipal managers.Using the examples of five exceptional CAOs who have worked in municipalities of varying sizes across Canada, Siegel identifies the leadership traits, skills, and behaviours which have made them successful. Interweaving the stories of his subjects with insights drawn from leadership theory, Siegel offers an engrossing account of how CAOs must lead "up, down, and out" in order to succeed. Offering well-rounded accounts of the challenges and opportunities faced by public servants at the municipal level, Leaders in the Shadows is a valuable resource for academics and practitioners alike.
Leaders of the American Civil War: A Biographical and Historiographical Dictionary
by Jon L. Wakelyn Charles F. RitterProvides an overview of the careers of the great military leaders and the critical political leaders of the American Civil War. Entries consider the leader's character and pre-war experience, their contributions to the war effort, and the war's impact on the rest of their lives. An assessment of their historical treatment puts their long-term reputations on the line, and results in a thorough revision of some leaders, a call for further study of others, and a reaffirmation of the accomplishments of the greatest leaders.
Leaders of the Nation: A Political History of Kazakhstan (The Steppe and Beyond: Studies on Central Asia)
by Ainash MustoyapovaThe book tells about people who lived in an era of historical cataclysms, wars and revolutions, changes in political formations. The generation of the Kazakh intelligentsia responded to the historical challenge facing the Kazakhs at a turning point in history. These are people born at the end of the 19th century, educated in different countries and united by the idea of overcoming colonial dependence on the Russian Empire.The author aims to form a holistic view of a galaxy of outstanding personalities who, in an important historical period, were able to take responsibility for the people and their future. The history of the country is perceived through the prism of their destinies, views, activities and death.The material of the book is a biographical sketch and covers the history of Kazakhstan in the first third of the twentieth century, until the period of the Great Terror (1937–1938).
Leaders of the Nation: Kazakhstan during the Twilight of the Nazarbayev Era and the Russo-Ukrainian War
by Charles J. SullivanThis book provides an overview of the major developments in Kazakhstan over the past decade. In analyzing a series of challenges (such as the need on behalf of the current Kazakh president – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev – to restore legitimacy in the government in the aftermath of "Bloody January" as well as Astana’s managing of relations with Russia, China, and the West), this book offers readers a timely understanding concerning how power has been wielded, mishandled, and reasserted in this country. This book explores the achievements of Kazakhstan’s modernization drive, the government’s prolonged initial political transition, the rise of a local civil society, the events of January 2022, and Kazakhstan’s relations with Russia and the West. Written by a political scientist who previously worked at the country’s flagship university, Leaders of the Nation: Kazakhstan during the Twilight of the Nazarbayev Era and the Russo-Ukrainian War outlines why Kazakhstan warrants our earnest attention.
Leaders of the Opposition
by Timothy HeppellTimothy Heppell brings together a renowned group of contributors to consider the role of the Leader of the Opposition in British Politics. The book argues that the neglect of opposition studies needs to be addressed, especially given the increasing importance attached to the performance the Leader of the Opposition in the British political system.
Leaders, Factions and the Game of Intra-Party Politics (Routledge Studies on Political Parties and Party Systems)
by Andrea CeronThe book provides a comprehensive view on the internal life of parties and investigates the dynamics of intra-party politics in different party environments to explain in which circumstances the party leader is more or less bound by the wills of party factions. Analyzing almost 500 intra-party documents from Italy, Germany and France, it presents a theory of intra-party politics that illuminates internal decision-making processes and sheds light on the outcomes of factional conflicts on the allocation of payoffs within the party, on the risk of a party split and on the survival of the party leader. Using text analysis, the results show that consensual dynamics can allow to preserve party unity and that directly elected leaders can exploit their larger autonomy either to reward followers or to prevent splits. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of Party Politics, Political Institutions, European Politics and more broadly to Comparative Politics, Political Theory and Text Analysis.
Leaders, Leadership, And U.s. Policy In Latin America
by Michael J. KryzanekThis book focuses on the future of Latin American leaders and the relationship of these leaders to the United States. It examines the ways in which the critical interaction between individual leaders and the U.S. policy community affects the substance and direction of hemispheric relations.
Leaders: Profiles and Reminiscences of Men Who Have Shaped the Modern World
by Richard NixonWhen Nikita Khrushchev shouted contempt for the United States in his famous “Kitchen Debate” with Vice President Richard Nixon, Americans gasped at the sudden glimpse of the Soviet leader's character. At the time cameras and reporters were present. But how much more would we have learned if we could have traveled the globe with Richard Nixon and met privately with others who have shaped the modern world? Richard Nixon knew virtually every major foreign leader since World War II—some at the pinnacle of power, some during their “years in the wilderness” out of power, and still others toward the end of their lives. His was an unparalleled opportunity to gain insight into the nature of the powerful and qualities of leadership. In Leaders, Nixon shares these insights and experiences. He illustrates these leaders in private, assesses their careers, recalls words of wisdom, and brings to bear his own judgments. We meet the co-architects of the New Japan, Douglas MacArthur and Shigeru Yoshida. Encountering the legendary leaders of China—Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Chiang Kai-shek—we see the men behind the events. We see the intensely private Charles DeGaulle; explore the philosophies of Konraud Adenauer; confront Leonid Brezhnev; and delight in the company of Winston Churchill—not to mention Nixon’s analyses of interactions with dozens of other leaders. No one but Richard Nixon could have written this book. It is at once as personal as a handclasp and as objective as only so earnest a student of history could have made it.
Leadership And Culture
by Annie Hondeghem Montgomery Van Wart Erwin Schwella Paul SuinoThis collection examines the leadership training of public administration in 19 countries and provides information on where, what, and how the training occurs as well as the up-to-date cultural, political, economic background for each. Factors affecting perceived importance, quality and robustness of top civil servant training are examined.