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Manufacturing Terrorism in Africa: The Securitisation of South African Muslims (Islam and Global Studies)
by Mohamed Natheem HendricksThis book uses Securitisation Theory to explore how Muslims have been constructed as a security issue in Africa after the 9/11 attacks in the United States. These attacks became the rationale for the US’s Global War on Terror (GWOT). The centrality of Africa as an arena to execute the GWOT is the focus of this book. This book explores, particularly, how western-centred security discourses around Muslims has permeated South African security discourse in the post-apartheid period. It claims that the popular press and the local think-tank community were critical knowledge-sites that imported rather than interrogated debates which have underpinned policy-initiatives such as the GWOT.Such theorisation seems contrary to the original architects of securitisation theory who maintain that issues become security concerns when institutional voices declare these as such. However, this book confirms that non-institutional voices have securitised the African Muslims by equating them with terrorism. This book illustrates that such securitisation reproduces partisan knowledge that promote Western interests.
Manufacturing, Technology, and Economic Growth
by Carlos SabillonThis book analyzes the development of economic events in Japan, China, the NICs, Russia, Germany, Britain, and the United States of America during the second half of the twentieth century in an effort to uncover the variables that were determinant for the generation of economic growth. After analyzing numerous economic and non-economic variables, the author manages to identify a common denominator that was always present when there was growth and absent when there was stagnation. A strong causality linkage is established between this common denominator and growth. The book also demonstrates how this common set of variables can be easily manipulated by government policy in order to deliver fast and sustained economic growth. The book concludes with a clear set of macroeconomic policies for the attainment of fast, non-inflationary growth in developing countries, middle-income nations, transition economies, and developed countries.Despite its unorthodox position, the book endorses free trade, privatization, liberalization, fiscal rectitude, low inflation, central bank independence, proper governance, protection of the environment, and better income distribution. With this approach, the book offers a fresh new look on the problem of growth and offers hope that economic science will finally provide governments with an effective policy tool for the elimination of poverty and unemployment.
Many Are the Crimes
by Ellen SchreckerIt all seems like so much ancient history -- the "red scare", black lists; even Senator Mccarthy. Yet, in truth, the so-called "Mccarthy period" -- during which people were persecuted and investigated for what they thought -- is one of the most shameful periods of our history. In her book, ellen Schrecker takes a hard look at this phenomenon and draws some sobering conclusions. If you love freedom and liberty and feel that all of us need to work to keep it safe -- from the right and the left -- this book is a must read. And, lest you think this is ancient history, think about some of the hysterical sexual abuse trials of the eighties and nineties. From whence will the next danger come?
Many Children Left Behind
by Deborah MeierSigned into law in 2002, the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) promised to revolutionize American public education. Originally supported by a bipartisan coalition, it purports to improve public schools by enforcing a system of standards and accountability through high-stakes testing. Many people supported it originally, despite doubts, because of its promise especially to improve the way schools serve poor children. By making federal funding contingent on accepting a system of tests and sanctions, it is radically affecting the life of schools around the country.But, argue the authors of this citizen's guide to the most important political issue in education, far from improving public schools and increasing the ability of the system to serve poor and minority children, the law is doing exactly the opposite. Here some of our most prominent, respected voices in education-including school innovator Deborah Meier, education activist Alfie Kohn, and founder of the Coalition of Essential Schools Theodore R. Sizer-come together to show us how, point by point, NCLB undermines the things it claims to improve:* How NCLB punishes rather than helps poor and minority kids and their schools * How NCLB helps further an agenda of privatization and an attack on public schools * How the focus on testing and test preparation dumbs down classrooms * And they put forward a richly articulated vision of alternatives. Educators and parents around the country are feeling the harshly counterproductive effects of NCLB. This book is an essential guide to understanding what's wrong and where we should go from here. From the Trade Paperback edition.
Many Children Left Behind: How the No Child Left Behind Act Is Damaging Our Children and Our Schools
by Deborah Meier George WoodThe No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act is counterproductive and destructive to the goal of improving public education in the United States, collectively argue the contributors of these six essays. They describe how the "test and punish" regime of the NCLB, because disabilities are strongly correlated with poverty, will further damage the ability of schools in poor communities to provide for their students as they fall behind in testing scores and are punished for it financially. They also explore how the NCLB can be considered a Trojan horse for school privatization and put forth an alternative agenda for school reform.
Many Ideas of Nationalism in India: Priorities and Challenges
by Bidyut ChakrabartyThis book is a comprehensive analysis of the many visions of nationalism and nationalist leadership that emerged during India’s struggle for independence. The volume examines key nationalist thinkers such as Aurobindo, Gandhi, Tagore, Nazrul, Savarkar, and Ambedkar. It delineates different strands of nationalism in the post-moderate phase of nationalist movement and discusses political emancipation, social emancipation, and ethnic emancipation.Accessibly written for students with a helpful overview of how nationalist thought emerged in India, this book will be of great interest to students of South Asian history and politics. It will also be helpful for civil service aspirants.
Many Possible Worlds: An Interdisciplinary History of the World Economy Since 1800
by Cameron GordonThis book provides a crosscutting interdisciplinary account of how the disintegrated, global subsistence economy circa 1800 has transformed into a global complex delivering unprecedented levels of material production and consumption. Applying major findings from economics, history/historiography, and sociology (as well as from anthropology, psychology, politics, and environmental studies), the analysis tracks the ways in which changes in ‘society’ (including social structures, values, and forces) have changed ‘individuals’ (including conceptions of race, gender, and identity) and vice versa. These changes have simultaneously homogenised and diversified societies and individuals in distinct but sometimes contradictory ways, opening up many possible worlds from an individual and group perspective. Yet, the scale and pace of change has also led to increasing existential challenges. The narrative consists of 30 chapters organized into 10 subsets of 3: one chapter on a relevant core idea; one chapter focused on historical narrative and titled after a representative year; and one chapter on a relevant associated crosscutting theme. Major regional and topical discussions are provided, with special attention paid to business and organisational change and developing world scholarship. Small discussion ‘boxes’ focusing on illustrative cases and details are presented throughout the book. The last chapter contains over-arching conclusions.
Many Urbanisms: Divergent Trajectories of Global City Building
by Martin J. MurrayNow, for the first time in history, the majority of the world’s population lives in cities. But urbanization is accelerating in some places and slowing down in others. The sprawling megacities of Asia and Africa, as well as many other smaller and medium-sized cities throughout the “Global South,” are expected to continue growing. At the same time, older industrial cities in wealthier countries are experiencing protracted socioeconomic decline. Nonetheless, mainstream urban studies continues to treat a handful of superstar cities in Europe and North America as the exemplars of world urbanism, even though current global growth and development represent a dramatic break with past patterns.Martin J. Murray offers a groundbreaking guide to the multiplicity, heterogeneity, and complexity of contemporary global urbanism. He identifies and traces four distinct pathways that characterize cities today: tourist-entertainment cities with world-class aspirations; struggling postindustrial cities; megacities experiencing hypergrowth; and “instant cities,” or master-planned cities built from scratch. Murray shows how these different types of cities respond to different pressures and logics rather than progressing through the stages of a predetermined linear path. He highlights new spatial patterns of urbanization that have undermined conventional understandings of the city, exploring the emergence of polycentric, fragmented, haphazard, and unbounded metropolises. Such cities, he argues, should not be seen as deviations from a norm but rather as alternatives within a constellation of urban possibility. Innovative and wide-ranging, Many Urbanisms offers ways to understand the disparate forms of global cities today on their own terms.
Many Voices: Bilingualism, Culture and Education (Routledge Revivals)
by Jane MillerAttitudes to bilingualism have always been contradictory. The possession of more than one language has been thought to be an advantage, even a necessity, while simultaneously being regarded as an inconvenience, sometimes a disastrous one. Yet more than half the world’s population is bilingual. Britain is also now a multilingual society. It is therefore important to understand the phenomenon of bilingualism and to unravel the contradictions in attitudes towards it. In her book Many Voices (originally published in 1983 and now with a new foreword by John Yandell), Jane Miller has set out to listen to children and to adults—some of whom are well-known writers—for whom bilingualism is undeniably an asset.If there are advantages to being bilingual, there are also problems: personal, social, and inevitably, political ones. Jane miller moves from individual testimonies to their cultural and educational implications. It may be, she suggests, that we can gain from the strengths of bilingual speakers’ knowledge which could enrich schooling and the curriculum for all children. By attending to the experiences of people who have had to make their way within a new society, we learn something about how all individuals construct their identities out of cultural difference. Language, languages are central to this. Jane Miller argues that bilingualism allows for a special focus on developments in culture generally which is useful to teachers, linguists, readers of literature, and makers of educational policy.
Many Voices: Multilateral Negotiations In The World Arena
by Abiodun WilliamsInternational negotiations increasingly involve a myriad of state and nonstate actors who approach major issues from a variety of standpoints and work to determine outcomes acceptable to all. Great powers, military allies, business and industry, LDCs, international organizations, and even domestic politics enter into negotiations on complex issues-ranging from defense and national security to environmental protection and Third World development-that now dominate the global agenda. Abiodun Williams has assembled a collection of case studies that illustrate the variety and dynamism of this complex decisionmaking process. Cases including conflict resolution in Indochina and mining in Antarctica show students the role of contending national objectives, necessary trade-offs, and efforts at coalition building, as well as the influence of personality and persuasion on the outcomes of major negotiations. A case exploring the investment activities of transnational corporations and their impact on developing countries is organized as a simulation exercise that offers students rare insight into negotiations under UN auspices and the impact of regional bloc politics on multilateral diplomacy.
Man’s Better Angels: Romantic Reformers and the Coming of the Civil War
by Philip F. GuraBanks failed, inequality grew, people were out of work, and slavery threatened to rend the nation in two. The Panic of 1837 drew forth reformers who, animated by self-reliance, became prophets of a new moral order that would make America great again. Philip Gura captures a Romantic moment that was soon overtaken by civil war and postwar pragmatism.
Mao (Profiles In Power)
by S.G. BreslinA lucid analysis of Mao as revolutionary general, ideologist and astute political manipulator, this introduction to the life and career of Mao Zedong provides an excellent introduction to modern Chinese history and its enigmatic protagonist.
Mao (Routledge Historical Biographies)
by Michael LynchMichael Lynch’s second edition of Mao examines the life of this controversial figure. Opening with a detailed chronology, it delves into Mao’s younger years and tracks his gradual rise to power, with a chapter dedicated to the cult status that surrounded him. Through a wealth of primary and secondary sources and a balanced consideration of the conflicting views that surround Mao’s leadership, this book provides a thorough exploration of Mao’s political and private life. Key features of the second edition include a detailed analysis of the Long March, an account of Sino-Japanese relations and an assessment of Mao’s ongoing legacy. This biography will be essential reading for anyone interested in Mao and the politics of twentieth-century China.
Mao Tse-Tung And Operational Art During The Chinese Civil War
by Major Thomas P. ReillyThis monograph examines the nature of operational art during the third and final phase of the Chinese Civil War, 1945-1949. During this period Mao Tse-Tung and the Red Army fought Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist Army for the military and political control of China.The initial portion of the monograph discusses the areas of military strategy and the development of operational art. This area was developed using contemporary monographs, research projects, and professional journal articles. Professional military journals such as Parameters and Military Review publish relevant articles covering these subjects on a recurring basis. The majority of the information covering Mao's thoughts and writings were drawn from The Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung published in Beijing, China by the Foreign Languages Press.The section dealing with the essence of operational art was developed primarily from James Schneider's theoretical paper; Vulcan's Anvil: The American Civil War and the Emergence of Operational Art. In this paper Schneider identifies, defines, and argues that eight key attributes must exist for the fullest expression of operational art to be manifested. These eight attributes are; the distributed operation, the distributed campaign, a system of continuous logistics, instantaneous command and control, the operationally durable formation, operational vision, the distributed enemy, and distributed deployment. This monograph uses Schneider's eight key attributes of operational art as a measure of effectiveness for evaluating the use of operational art during the Chinese Civil War.This monograph concludes that while Mao Tse-Tung was one-step removed from the operational level of war, the commanders of the Red Army, guided by his theory of protracted war and his controlling strategy, successfully applied operational art to decisively defeat a larger, better equipped, and trained military force in a sequential series of battles and engagements.
Mao Tse-Tung’s Immortal Contributions
by Bob AvakianMao Tse-Tung's contributions in the field of Marxist philosophy and the problems of the Socialist society are discussed.
Mao Zedong
by Jonathan SpenceHistory of one of the most formidable and elusive rulers in modern history From humble origins in the provinces, Mao Zedong rose to absolute power, unifying with an iron fist a vast country torn apart by years of weak leadership, colonialism, and war.
Mao Zedong
by Jonathan Spence"Spence draws upon his extensive knowledge of Chinese politics and culture to create an illuminating picture of Mao. . . . Superb. ” (Chicago Tribune) From humble origins in the provinces, Mao Zedong rose to absolute power, unifying with an iron fist a vast country torn apart by years of weak leadership, colonialism, and war. This sharply drawn and insightful account brings to life this modern-day emperor and the tumultuous era that he did so much to shape. Jonathan Spence captures Mao in all his paradoxical grandeur and sheds light on the radical transformation he unleashed that still reverberates in China today. .
Mao Zedong
by Whitney StewartMao Zedong was one of the most powerful people in the world during his lifetime. Yet when he was born, China was still ruled by the Qing dynasty. Many people longed for a new China, however, and Mao led the way.
Mao Zedong & China’s Foreign Policy: The Man, the Mind, and Vietnam
by Amrita JashThis book analyses China&’s foreign policy from 1949 to 1976 through a cognitive-perceptual lens, emphasise Mao Zedong&’s central role as the primary decision making authority. Moving beyond realist frameworks, it highlights how Mao&’s ideological worldview—shaped by his &‘theory of contradictions&’, revolutionary zeal, and use of historical analogies—drove China&’s foreign policy, particularly in relation to Vietnam. His subjective interpretation of global affairs, reinforced by Marxist-Leninist principles and China&’s historical identity, guided key strategic decisions. The study underscores the importance of individual leaders&’ beliefs, perceptions, and psychological traits in shaping foreign policy, offering broader implications for understanding international relations through cognitive and psychological approaches.
Mao Zedong and China in the Twentieth-Century World: A Concise History
by Rebecca E. KarlThroughout this lively and concise historical account of Mao Zedong’s life and thought, Rebecca E. Karl places the revolutionary leader’s personal experiences, social visions and theory, military strategies, and developmental and foreign policies in a dynamic narrative of the Chinese revolution. She situates Mao and the revolution in a global setting informed by imperialism, decolonization, and third worldism, and discusses worldwide trends in politics, the economy, military power, and territorial sovereignty. Karl begins with Mao’s early life in a small village in Hunan province, documenting his relationships with his parents, passion for education, and political awakening during the fall of the Qing dynasty in late 1911. She traces his transition from liberal to Communist over the course of the next decade, his early critiques of the subjugation of women, and the gathering force of the May 4th movement for reform and radical change. Describing Mao’s rise to power, she delves into the dynamics of Communist organizing in an overwhelmingly agrarian society, and Mao’s confrontations with Chiang Kaishek and other nationalist conservatives. She also considers his marriages and romantic liaisons and their relation to Mao as the revolutionary founder of Communism in China. After analyzing Mao’s stormy tenure as chairman of the People’s Republic of China, Karl concludes by examining his legacy in China from his death in 1976 through the Beijing Olympics in 2008.
Mao Zedong and China's Revolutions
by Timothy CheekWhether one views Mao Zedong as a hero or a demon, the "Great Helmsman" was undoubtedly a pivotal figure in the history of 20th-century China. The first part of this volume is an introductory essay that traces the history of 20th-century China, from Mao's early career up to the Chinese Communist Party's victory in 1949, through three decades of revolution, to Mao's death in 1976. The second half offers a selection of Mao's writings-- including such seminal pieces as "On the New Democracy" and selections from the "Little Red Book"-- and writings about Mao and his legacy by both his contemporaries and modern scholars. Also included are headnotes, a chronology, Questions for Consideration, photographs, a selected bibliography, and index.
Mao Zedong and China’s Revolutions: A Brief History With Documents (The Bedford Series In History And Culture)
by Timothy CheekWhether one views Mao Zedong as a hero or a demon, the "Great Helmsman" was, undoubtedly, a pivotal figure in the history of twentieth-century China, a man whose life and writings provide a fascinating window on the Chinese experience from the 1920s onward. <P><P>Part Mao biography, part historical overview of the turbulent story of China’s Communist revolutions, the introductory essay traces the history of twentieth-century China, from Mao’s early career up to the Chinese Communist Party’s victory in 1949, through three decades of revolution to Mao’s death in 1976. <P><P>The second half of the volume offers a selection of Mao’s writings — including such seminal pieces as "On New Democracy" and selections from the Little Red Book — and writings about Mao and his legacy by both his contemporaries and modern scholars. Also included are headnotes to the documents, a chronology, Questions for Consideration, 12 images, a selected bibliography, and an index.
Mao Zedong and Contemporary China: Exploring the World Where Truth Falls from the Heavens
by Katsuji NakaganeWhat did Mao Zedong bring to China? Mao Zedong, a rare leader who is still regarded as a great hero on the Chinese continent, despite the large number of victims caused by the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. He called himself "Qin Shi Huang （First Emperor of Qin）plus Marx". It can be said that he is an entity that combines the power of the emperor and the authority of Marx into one person. This book analyzes the features of Mao Zedong’s thought and philosophy, his understanding of Marxism and class struggle, in particular, his peculiar attitude toward intellectuals, his actions leading to the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which he initiated and involved the entire nation, as well as the analysis of the mechanisms that caused such catastrophes and tragedies. Finally, through these analyses, this book attempts to evaluate Mao Zedong with diverse personalities and his behavior, positive and negative, whether in political, social, economic, or philosophical areas.
Mao Zedong's China (Dictatorships)
by Kathlyn GayIn 1949, Mao Zedong came to power in China after a long and brutal civil war. He and his Chinese Communist Party immediately set out to transform their nation into a Communist state. They seized land from wealthy and middle-class farmers and distributed it to poor peasant farmers. The government also took over ownership of all industries. Citizens who resisted these changes were branded ?counterrevolutionaries, ? and thousands were imprisoned or executed. Within a few years, Mao had turned China into a totalitarian state, controlling all aspects of his citizens? daily lives. In the 1960s, he sought to wipe out what remained of traditional Chinese society by launching the Cultural Revolution. Millions died as the country erupted into spasms of mob violence. Yet, despite the tumult, Chairman Mao remained a revered, almost godlike figure, worshiped by his people. How did he do it? Learn more about one of the most powerful and controversial figures of the 20th century.
Mao Zedong: Essential Biographies
by Delia DavinMao Zedong, first chairman of the People's Republic of China, one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party, and the architect of the Cultural Revolution, was active in Chinese politics for most of his 82 years, and became one of the most important revolutionary figures in the twentieth century. He spent the 1920s and 1930s struggling to build the Party. After the establishment of the People's Republic, he strove to impose his vision of socialism on his impoverished country, convinced that if the power of the people could be harnessed China could become an economically successful and egalitarian country. The Great Leap Forward which he initiated was, however, a disaster resulting in millions of deaths. Mao used the Cultural Revolution to re-impose his authority, his critics were persecuted and a personality cult was fostered. His Little Red Book sold over 740 million copies. This book is written by an eminent historian and offers the reader a powerful insight into the life and work of this unique man.