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Plurality and Citizenship in Israel: Moving Beyond the Jewish/Palestinian Civil Divide (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics)
by Dan Avnon Yotam BenzimanIsrael's political process is too often framed in terms of a dichotomy between Jewish and Arab/Palestinian citizens of the state, a framing which perpetuates political inequality and consequent injustices. This book focuses on the conflict within Israel and the role played by modern states in either mitigating majority-minority conflict or exacerbating it.This comparative study concentrates on theoretical models and historical, legal or political patterns of development. With an emphasis on alternative approaches to alleviating civic and political inequality in a divided society such as Israel's, the book examines plurality and political pluralism as keys to enhancing Israel's democratic character. The dozen original essays address many of the basic points of contention between Jews and Arab/Palestinians within the Israeli civic body: unequal access to citizenship; unequal access to land; discrimination in access to public services; insufficient defence of minority rights in Israel's legal system; unequal obligations; unequal economic opportunities. The essays raise a matter of principle that goes beyond the Israeli case: formal legal measures are relatively worthless if they are not preceded by political processes that are oriented to changing conceptions and perceptions of reality. Relevant to those who wish to understand the unobserved dynamics within a divided society, this book will be of particular interest to students of comparative politics, conflict resolution and Middle East studies.
Pluralität und Pluralismus in der evangelischen Friedensethik: Grundsatzfragen • Band 5 (Gerechter Frieden)
by Christian Polke Hendrik StoppelDieses Buch thematisiert Pluralität und Pluralismus in der evangelischen Friedensethik. Denn die Kirche kann nur und muss letztendlich im Rahmen des politischen und weltanschaulich-religiösen Pluralismus agieren. Ob sie dabei selbst als eine einheitliche Stimme auftreten soll, ist Gegenstand der Diskussion. Sie selbst ist schließlich intern immer schon plural verfasst, gesellschaftlich aber eben auch die Kirche. Das verschärft die Frage nach der Stimme der Kirche: Geht ihren Äußerungen ein interner Klärungsprozess voraus, der den inneren Pluralismus zu eben jener einen Stimme zusammenführt oder nimmt die Kirche in Form mehrerer einzelner Stimmen am pluralistischen Konzert teil? Diese Fragen beantwortet der Sammelband aus verschiedenen, nicht nur kirchlichen, Perspektiven.
Plurilingual Education Policy in Early Childhood Education and Care: Aiming Towards More Equal Opportunities in Luxembourg
by Kevin Simoes LoureiroThis book explores the implementation of educational policies aimed at addressing educational inequalities and specifically focuses on Luxembourg’s pioneering plurilingual education policy in non-formal early childhood education and care. It emphasizes the significance of developing plurilingual policies that accommodate diverse linguistic and organizational contexts, ensuring more effective implementation and equitable educational opportunities for all children. Through an in-depth analysis, this book provides insights into various aspects of policy implementation. It delves into the drivers and goals of the plurilingual policy, the measures taken to implement it, the challenges encountered, and the success factors identified at the policy level. Additionally, it examines the attitudes, intentions and obstacles faced by those involved at the practice level. Drawing on a range of theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, the book presents multiple perspectives on the subject. By employing a mixed-methods design, including policy document analysis of the plurilingual education program, expert interviews with policy-level stakeholders and a cross-sectional survey of early childhood practitioners in the non-formal education sector, this work offers a multifaceted approach. The book not only enhances the understanding of policy implementation processes, but also sheds light on the practical implications and potential for reducing educational inequalities in multilingual educational settings. The findings and discussions in this book are, thus, pertinent not only to Luxembourg, but also offer policy- and practice-related implications for similar educational contexts globally.
Plutarch's Prism: Classical Reception and Public Humanism in France and England, 1500–1800 (Ideas in Context #142)
by Rebecca KingstonThroughout the early modern period, political theorists in France and England drew on the works of Plutarch to offer advice to kings and princes. Elizabeth I herself translated Plutarch in her later years, while Jacques Amyot's famous translations of Plutarch's The Parallel Lives led to the wide distribution of his work and served as a key resource for Shakespeare in the writing of his Roman plays, through Sir Thomas North's English translations. Rebecca Kingston's new study explores how Plutarch was translated into French and English during the Renaissance and how his works were invoked in political argument from the early modern period into the 18th century, contributing to a tradition she calls 'public humanism'. This book then traces the shifting uses of Plutarch in the Enlightenment, leading to the decline of this tradition of 'public humanism'. Throughout, the importance of Plutarch's work is highlighted as a key cultural reference and for its insight into important aspects of public service.
Plutarch’s Politics
by Hugh LiebertPlutarch's Lives were once treasured. Today they are studied by classicists, known vaguely, if at all, by the educated public, and are virtually unknown to students of ancient political thought. The central claim of this book is that Plutarch shows how the political form of the city can satisfy an individual's desire for honor, even under the horizon of empire. Plutarch's argument turns on the difference between Sparta and Rome. Both cities stimulated their citizens' desire for honor, but Sparta remained a city by linking honor to what could be seen first-hand, whereas Rome became an empire by liberating honor from the shackles of the visible. Even under the rule of a distant power, however, allegiances and political actions tied to the visible world of the city remained. By resurrecting statesmen who thrived in autonomous cities, Plutarch hoped to rekindle some sense of the city's enduring appeal. "
Plutarco Elías Calles and the Mexican Revolution (Latin American Silhouettes)
by Jürgen BuchenauThis biography of the Mexican revolutionary examines his rise from soldier to president to his continued influence as Jefe Maximo. Hailing from the border state of Sonora, Plutarco Elías Calles found his calling in the early years of the revolution, quickly rising to national prominence. As president from 1924 to 1928, Calles undertook an ambitious reform program, modernized the financial system, and defended national sovereignty against an interventionist U.S. government. Yet these reforms failed to eradicate underdevelopment, corruption, and social injustice. Moreover, his unyielding campaigns against political enemies and the Catholic Church earned him a reputation as a repressive strongman. After his term as president, Calles continued to exert broad influence as his country's foremost political figure while three weaker presidents succeeded each other in an atmosphere of constant political crisis. He played a significant role in founding a ruling party that reined in power-hungry military leaders and helped workers attain better living conditions. This dynastic party and its successors, including the present-day Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Party of the Institutional Revolution), remained in power until 2000. Through this comprehensive assessment of a quintessential Mexican politician, Buchenau opens an illuminating window into both the Mexican Revolution and contemporary Mexico.
Plutocracy in America: How Increasing Inequality Destroys the Middle Class and Exploits the Poor
by Ronald P. FormisanoA hard-hitting analysis of how the disparity between wealth and poverty undermines the common good.The growing gap between the most affluent Americans and the rest of society is changing the country into one defined—more than almost any other developed nation—by exceptional inequality of income, wealth, and opportunity. This book reveals that an infrastructure of inequality, both open and hidden, obstructs the great majority in pursuing happiness, living healthy lives, and exercising basic rights. A government dominated by finance, corporate interests, and the wealthy has undermined democracy, stunted social mobility, and changed the character of the nation. In this tough-minded dissection of the gulf between the super-rich and the working and middle classes, Ronald P. Formisano explores how the dramatic rise of income inequality over the past four decades has transformed America from a land of democratic promise into one of diminished opportunity. Since the 1970s, government policies have contributed to the flow of wealth to the top income strata. The United States now is more a plutocracy than a democracy. Formisano surveys the widening circle of inequality’s effects, the exploitation of the poor and the middle class, and the new ways that predators take money out of Americans’ pockets while passive federal and state governments stand by. This data-driven book offers insight into the fallacy of widespread opportunity, the fate of the middle class, and the mechanisms that perpetuate income disparity.
Plutocrats United
by Richard L. HasenCampaign financing is one of today's most divisive political issues. The left asserts that the electoral process is rife with corruption. The right protests that the real aim of campaign limits is to suppress political activity and protect incumbents. Meanwhile, money flows freely on both sides. In "Plutocrats United, "Richard Hasen argues that both left and right avoid the key issue of the new Citizens United era: balancing political inequality with free speech. The Supreme Court has long held that corruption and its appearance are the only reasons to constitutionally restrict campaign funds. Progressives often agree but have a much broader view of corruption. Hasen argues for a new focus and way forward: if the government is to ensure robust political debate, the Supreme Court should allow limits on money in politics to prevent those with great economic power from distorting the political process. "
Plutócratas y populistas: La tentación del poder en tiempos de posverdad
by Carlos FazioEl rostro del poder ha cambiado. Y el peligro para la democracia aumentó En los últimos años, en todo el mundo -y notablemente en Latinoamérica- se han acentuado tendencias políticas y económicas que amenazan con construir un planeta más injusto, más polarizado y más violento. El ascenso del populismo, el empoderamiento de las fuerzas armadas,la intensificación del poder mediático y el consecuente fortalecimiento de las oligarquías se han convertido en un círculo vicioso que está dejando una sarta de víctimas colaterales, entre las que destacanla justicia social, la búsqueda de la igualdad, la inclusión, la generación de riqueza sostenible, el poder de la ciudadanía... En esta obra, Carlos Fazio disecciona el proceso, explica cómo fue que esta dinámica nos llegó a parecer normal y delinea los riesgos a los que nos enfrentamos de no detenerla inmediatamente.
Plínio Salgado: A Brazilian Fascist (1895–1975) (Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right)
by João Fábio BertonhaPlínio Salgado covers the life trajectory of the far-right Brazilian political leader between 1895 and 1975. The book initially follows his life from his birth, including political and cultural training and political activities between 1895 and 1930. The focus then shifts to his period as leader of the Brazilian fascist movement between 1932 and 1938, with attention to his performance as a leader, his role within the movement, and in the rise and fall of the Integralist Action. His period of exile in Portugal between 1939 and 1947 is also emphasized, with a special focus on his contacts with the Portuguese radical right and German and Italian agents. The final part addresses his return to Brazil, his efforts to reposition himself politically and his performance as a parliamentarian and supporter of the military coup of 1964. This book will be of interest to researchers of Latin American history, Brazilian history and politics, the transnational far right, and comparative fascism studies.
Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking and Security in Africa: Myths and Realities (Whitehall Papers)
by Cathy Haenlein M L SmithA worldwide surge in poaching and wildlife trafficking is threatening to decimate endangered species. This crisis also threatens the security of human beings in ways ignored until recently by decision-makers slow to begin to treat what is typically viewed as a ‘conservation issue’ as serious crime. Over the past decade, as the scale and profitability of poaching and wildlife trafficking have grown, politicians, journalists and campaigners throughout the world have begun to take notice – they are offering striking appraisals of the threat posed not only to endangered species but also to human populations. Many of these appraisals, however, are made in the absence of a detailed body of empirical research and analysis to underpin them. The result is the growth of a range of myths and misperceptions around the security threats posed, particularly as they relate to Africa. Poaching, Wildlife Trafficking and Security in Africa examines the most common narratives on poaching, wildlife trafficking and security. It critically analyses the dominant discourses on poaching and wildlife trafficking as threats to human security, as drivers of conflict, as funders of terrorism and as a focus for organised crime. In doing so, it seeks to sort myth from reality, to clarify how poaching and wildlife trafficking, as much cited threats to security, can most accurately be conceived. Such a study is crucial to the efforts of stakeholders now rightly looking to respond not just to the threat posed to endangered species, but also to the security and wellbeing of human beings.
Pocket Aristotle (Enriched Classics)
by Aristotle Justin KaplanIn this volume of selections from Aristotle, Justin D. Kaplan has included the most widely read, studied, and quoted works of the great philosopher. The editor's notes give the reader a convenient and concise review of each work.
Pocket Bios: John F. Kennedy (Pocket Bios)
by Al BerengerA colorfully illustrated, pocket-size picture book biography about John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States.John F. Kennedy was an incredibly popular American politician who served as 35th President of the United States from 1961 to 1963, during the Cold War. As president, he most notably supported the African American Civil Rights Movement, authorized the Bay of Pigs invasion on the southern coast of Cuba, and dealt with the Cuban Missile Crisis. His family was greatly admired around the world, and his tragic assassination in Dallas, Texas, had a lasting effect on the American psyche. About the Pocket Bios series:Pocket Bios are full of personality, introducing readers to fascinating figures from history with simple storytelling and cheerful illustrations. Titles include men and women from history, exploration, the sciences, the arts, the ancient world, and more. Looking for biographies about political figures? Don't miss the Pocket Bios for Abraham Lincoln, Nelson Mandela, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and Gandhi.
Pocket Bios: Nelson Mandela (Pocket Bios)
by Al BerengerA colorfully illustrated, pocket-size picture book biography of activist, philanthropist, and South African President Nelson Mandela.Nelson Mandela was a South African revolutionary, activist, politician, and philanthropist who opposed apartheid and served as the president of South Africa as the country's first black head of state and the first representative elected democratically. He devoted much of his time in office to dismantling apartheid law and battling institutionalized racism in South Africa. He is the recipient of more than 250 honors worldwide, including the Nobel Peace Prize.Pocket Bios are full of personality, introducing readers to fascinating figures from history with simple storytelling and cheerful illustrations. Titles include men and women from history, exploration, the sciences, the arts, the ancient world, and more.
Pocket Bios: Princess Diana (Pocket Bios)
by Al BerengerA colorfully illustrated, pocket-size picture book biography of famous British royal, Princess Diana. Princess Diana was the wildly popular first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales. Known as "the People's Princess," she was involved in many charities, including the British Deaf Association, and supported other controversial causes like AIDS and the ban of landmines. From her engagement to Prince Charles, Princess Di had a special connection with the public in England and around the world. Her tumultuous marriage was subject to aggressive media attention, and she was forever memorialized in the hearts of the British people after her death in a tragic car crash in Paris.About the Pocket Bios series:Pocket Bios are full of personality, introducing readers to fascinating figures from history with simple storytelling and cheerful illustrations. Titles include men and women from history, exploration, the sciences, the arts, the ancient world, and more. Want to know more about women in history? Don't miss the Pocket Bios about Cleopatra, Rosa Parks, Anne Frank, Marie Antoinette, Joan of Arc, and Pocahontas.
Pocket Pantheon: Figures of Postwar Philosophy
by David Macey Alain BadiouPocket Pantheon is an invitation to engage with the greats of postwar Western thought, such as Lacan, Sartre and Foucault, in the company of one of today's leading political and philosophical minds. Alain Badiou draws on his encounters with this pantheon--his teachers, opponents and allies--to offer unique insights into both the authors and their work. These studies form an accessible, authoritative distillation of continental theory and a capsule history of a period in Western thought.From the Trade Paperback edition.
Pod: 'A pacy, provocative tale of survival in a fast-changing marine landscape' Daily Mail
by Laline Paull'Laline Paull succeeds splendidly in rising to the most important literary challenge of our time - restoring voice and agency to other-than-human beings' Amitav Ghosh'A pacy, provocative tale of survival in a fast-changing marine landscape' Daily MailBestselling author Laline Paull returns with an immersive and transformative new novel of an ocean world - its extraordinary creatures, mysteries, and mythologies - that is increasingly haunted by the cruelty and ignorance of the human race.Ea has always felt like an outsider. She suffers from a type of deafness that means she cannot master the spinning rituals that unite her pod of spinner dolphins. When tragedy strikes her family and Ea feels she is partly to blame, she decides to make the ultimate sacrifice and leave.As Ea ventures into the vast, she discovers dangers everywhere, from lurking predators to strange objects floating in the water. But just as she is coming to terms with her solitude, a chance encounter with a group of arrogant bottlenoses will irrevocably alter the course of her life.In her terrifying, propulsive novel, Laline Paull explores the true meaning of family, belonging, sacrifice - the harmony and tragedy of the pod - within an ocean that is no longer the sanctuary it once was, and which reflects a world all too recognisable to our own.PRAISE FOR THE BEES 'Beautifully written and unusual . . . A brave and original story that highlights our modern environmental crimes, and offers a fascinating glimpse into the intricacies of bee world' Sunday Times 'One wild ride. A sensual, visceral mini-epic about timeless rituals and modern environmental disaster. Paull's heart-pounding novel wrenches us into a new world' Emma Donoghue '[A] gripping Cinderella/Arthurian tale with lush Keatsian adjectives' Margaret Atwood 'An extraordinary feat of imagination' Madeline Miller
Pod: From the Women's Prize shortlisted author of The Bees
by Laline Paull'Laline Paull succeeds splendidly in rising to the most important literary challenge of our time - restoring voice and agency to other-than-human beings' Amitav Ghosh'A pacy, provocative tale of survival in a fast-changing marine landscape' Daily MailBestselling author Laline Paull returns with an immersive and transformative new novel of an ocean world - its extraordinary creatures, mysteries, and mythologies - that is increasingly haunted by the cruelty and ignorance of the human race.Ea has always felt like an outsider. She suffers from a type of deafness that means she cannot master the spinning rituals that unite her pod of spinner dolphins. When tragedy strikes her family and Ea feels she is partly to blame, she decides to make the ultimate sacrifice and leave.As Ea ventures into the vast, she discovers dangers everywhere, from lurking predators to strange objects floating in the water. But just as she is coming to terms with her solitude, a chance encounter with a group of arrogant bottlenoses will irrevocably alter the course of her life.In her terrifying, propulsive novel, Laline Paull explores the true meaning of family, belonging, sacrifice - the harmony and tragedy of the pod - within an ocean that is no longer the sanctuary it once was, and which reflects a world all too recognisable to our own.PRAISE FOR THE BEES 'Beautifully written and unusual . . . A brave and original story that highlights our modern environmental crimes, and offers a fascinating glimpse into the intricacies of bee world' Sunday Times 'One wild ride. A sensual, visceral mini-epic about timeless rituals and modern environmental disaster. Paull's heart-pounding novel wrenches us into a new world' Emma Donoghue '[A] gripping Cinderella/Arthurian tale with lush Keatsian adjectives' Margaret Atwood 'An extraordinary feat of imagination' Madeline Miller
Podcasting (Digital Media and Society)
by Jeremy Wade MorrisPodcasting burst onto the media landscape in the early 2000s. At the time, there were hopes it might usher in a new wave of amateur and professional cultural production and represent an alternate model for how to produce, share, circulate and experience new voices and perspectives. Twenty years later, podcasting is at a critical juncture in its young history: a moment where the early ideals of open standards and platform-neutral distribution are giving way to services that prioritize lean-back listening and monetizable media experiences. This book provides an accessible and comprehensive account of one of digital media’s most vibrant formats. Focusing on the historical changes shaping podcasts as a media format, the book explores the industrial, technological and cultural components of podcasting alongside case studies of various podcasts, industry publications, and streaming audio platforms (e.g. Spotify, Google and Apple Podcasts). Jeremy Morris argues that as streaming platforms push to make podcasting more industrialized, accessible, user-friendly and similar to other audio media like music or audiobooks, they threaten podcasting’s early, though always unrealized, promises. This is the go-to introduction for students and researchers of media, communication and cultural studies, as well as readers who enjoy making and listening to podcasts.
Podcasts: Perspektiven und Potenziale eines digitalen Mediums
by Michael Wild Vera Katzenberger Jana KeilPodcasts boomen: Immer mehr Anbieter drängen mit eigenen Formaten auf den Markt. Gleichzeitig nimmt die regelmäßige Nutzung in allen Publikumsgruppen stetig zu. Diesen vielfältigen Potenzialen des neuen Mediums steht eine in Deutschland noch verhältnismäßig überschaubare Forschungslage gegenüber. Der Sammelband soll dazu beitragen, Podcasts als neues Forschungsfeld der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft abzustecken. Der Sammelband erstreckt sich thematisch von den Podcaster*innen, dem Medium und seinen inhaltlichen Besonderheiten bis hin zum Rezeptionsprozess und den Hörer*innen.
Podemos and the New Political Cycle
by Óscar García Agustín Marco BriziarelliThis edited volume explores the context in which the Spanish party Podemos operates as both an agent and product of political cycles. It provides an account of the party's genealogy, ideological environment and relation to other political initiatives in Latin America and Western Europe. The contributors address the multiples dynamics generated by Podemos as a new party developed out of the economic crisis, the structural crisis concerning social democracy and the incarnation of the welfare state project, and, more generally, out of the Left. It will appeal to upper-level students and scholars interested in Spanish politics, history, culture and sociology.
Podemos: la cuadratura del círculo
by PolitikonUn análisis objetivo del fenómeno que ha sacudido la política españolaLa noche del 25 de mayo de 2014, entre gritos de "que sí, que sí, que sí nos representan", Pablo Iglesias aparecía para dar su discurso en una plaza céntrica de Madrid. Su partido, Podemos, había sido el único vencedor rotundo de las elecciones europeas. Ante este éxito, es natural que se haya vuelto un tema de conversación recurrente. Ese interés está justificado por su sorpresiva irrupción en las elecciones, su espectacular crecimiento en las encuestas, y su capacidad para coordinar el voto indignado en torno a su plataforma.En La Urna Rota hablamos del reto de la organización de intereses ignorados por los partidos tradicionales, y el rol de los emprendedores políticos. Este breve texto nace como addendum a lo que allí discutimos. Aquí pretendemos indagar tanto en las claves que explican la aparición y el éxito, por ahora, de Podemos, como en los retos a los que tendrá que enfrentarse.
Poems by Presidents: The First-Ever Anthology
by Heidi Gagnon"Well-written, thoroughly researched, and impeccably organized, Poems by Presidents explores an intriguing and unexpected side to many American presidents: they wrote poetry! In this excellent anthology of presidential poems, Michael Croland offers us a new way to celebrate some of our most celebrated leaders." —Susan Katz, author of The President’s Stuck in the Bathtub. This first-ever anthology features poems by eleven presidents who, through good times and bad, turned to poetry to express themselves. This compelling collection brings presidents’ literary pursuits to light, unveiling their deepest thoughts and emotions. Highlights include George Washington’s teenage romantic yearnings, Thomas Jefferson’s death-bed adieu, John Quincy Adams’s sonnet memorializing his father, Abraham Lincoln’s mockery of the Confederacy, Woodrow Wilson’s humorous limericks, Warren G. Harding’s steamy love poems to his mistress, and Ronald Wilson Reagan’s existential reflections. Appendixes explore additional presidents who wrote poetry, misattributions, prose formatted as verse, and fondness for poetry. Poems by Presidents is a rewarding resource for poetry lovers and readers interested in presidential biographies and American history. "From Madison’s collegiate satires to Harding’s racy romantic rhymes, this anthology has something to surprise and delight even the most dedicated history buff. It will teach you something about our presidents’ personal lives, their poetic talents, and even their political ambitions." —Craig Fehrman, author of Author in Chief "This distinctive collection is a pleasure to read and enjoy. It provides another dimension to our awareness of the personalities and talents of many of our presidents." —Fred Kaplan, author of His Masterly Pen: A Biography of Jefferson the Writer "Michael Croland has assembled an interesting and unexpected anthology of presidential poetry. Poems by Presidents leaves the reader with a better understanding of the concealed humanity often buried within the seemingly stoic men who have held our nation’s highest office." —Michael B. Costanzo, author of Author in Chief "This unique collection by US presidents, featuring poems ranging from spiritual to humorous to erotic, is surprising, fascinating, and humanizing." —Marilyn Singer, author of Rutherford B., Who Was He?: Poems about Our Presidents "A wonderful volume, full of keen insights into a wide array of American presidents. . . . The superb focus of this book brings fascinating details to light." —Jonathan Gross, editor of Thomas Jefferson’s Scrapbooks
Poet and Politician of Puerto Rico: Don Luis Munoz Marin
by Carmen T. Bernier-GrandGrade 5-8. A biography on the life of Puerto Rico's first elected governor. While the beginning of the book focuses on his personal life and desire to be a writer, the latter part concentrates on his political career and efforts to bring about social and political reform in his native land. The man's life is conveyed clearly and chronologically, although the author does not include the exact years of many events within the text, which could lead to some confusion.
Poet of Revolution: The Making of John Milton
by Nicholas McDowellA groundbreaking biography of Milton’s formative years that provides a new account of the poet’s political radicalizationJohn Milton (1608–1674) has a unique claim on literary and intellectual history as the author of both Paradise Lost, the greatest narrative poem in English, and prose defences of the execution of Charles I that influenced the French and American revolutions. Tracing Milton’s literary, intellectual, and political development with unprecedented depth and understanding, Poet of Revolution is an unmatched biographical account of the formation of the mind that would go on to create Paradise Lost—but would first justify the killing of a king.Biographers of Milton have always struggled to explain how the young poet became a notorious defender of regicide and other radical ideas such as freedom of the press, religious toleration, and republicanism. In this groundbreaking intellectual biography of Milton’s formative years, Nicholas McDowell draws on recent archival discoveries to reconcile at last the poet and polemicist. He charts Milton’s development from his earliest days as a London schoolboy, through his university life and travels in Italy, to his emergence as a public writer during the English Civil War. At the same time, McDowell presents fresh, richly contextual readings of Milton’s best-known works from this period, including the “Nativity Ode,” “L’Allegro” and “Il Penseroso,” Comus, and “Lycidas.”Challenging biographers who claim that Milton was always a secret radical, Poet of Revolution shows how the events that provoked civil war in England combined with Milton’s astonishing programme of self-education to instil the beliefs that would shape not only his political prose but also his later epic masterpiece.