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Reflective Social Work Practice
by Manohar Pawar A. W. Bill AnscombeSocial Work Practice Methods demonstrates how social workers can creatively and consciously combine 'thinking, doing and being' when working with individuals, families, groups, communities and organisations, and when undertaking research. It discusses conceptual and theoretical aspects of reflective practice and presents a new, cohesive reflective social work practice model. It explores the themes of thinking (theory), doing (practice) and being (virtues). By defining 'being' in terms of virtues, the authors provide new perspectives for improved learning and practice in social work. Each chapter features reflective exercises, examples, review questions and activities to engage and challenge readers. Extended case studies throughout illustrate how a holistic approach to social work can enhance practice and enrich the quality of services delivered to people and communities. Written by authors with extensive professional experience in social work, Social Work Practice Methods is an invaluable resource for social work, human services and welfare students, educators and practitioners alike.
Reflexive Democracy: Political Equality and the Welfare State
by Kevin OlsonSince the Reagan and Thatcher revolutions of the 1980s, there has been little consensus on what welfare ought to do or how it ought to function. At the same time, post-Wall continental Europe searches for a "third way" between state-planned socialism and laissez-faire capitalism. In Reflexive Democracy, Kevin Olson takes on this contemporary conceptual crisis. He calls for a "political turn" in considerations of the welfare state, arguing that it should no longer be understood in primarily economic terms--as a redistributive and regulatory mechanism--but in political terms, as a means of living up to deep-seated values of political equality. Drawing on arguments by T. H. Marshall and Jurgen Habermas, Olson proposes a conception of political equality as the normative basis of the welfare state. He argues that there are inextricable connections between democracy and welfare: the welfare state both promotes political equality and depends on it for its own political legitimacy. The paradox of political equality as a precondition for political equality is best solved, Olson argues, by guaranteeing citizens the means for equal participation. This is a reflexive conception of democracy, in which democratic politics circles back to sustain the conditions of equality that make it possible. This view, Olson writes, is meant not to replace traditional economic concerns but to reveal deep interconnections between democratic equality and economic justice. It counters paternalistic ideas of welfare reform by focusing on citizen participation. This conception moves beyond simple equality in the possession of goods and resources to propose a rich, materially grounded conception of democratic equality.
Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods
by Eric Brousseau Tom Dedeurwaerdere Bernd SiebenhünerGlobal public goods (GPGs)--the economic term for a broad range of goods and services that benefit everyone, including stable climate, public health, and economic security--pose notable governance challenges. At the national level, public goods are often provided by government, but at the global level there is no established state-like entity to take charge of their provision. The complex nature of many GPGs poses additional problems of coordination, knowledge generation and the formation of citizen preferences. This book considers traditional public economy theory of public goods provision as oversimplified, because it is state centered and fiscally focused. It develops a multidisciplinary look at the challenges of understanding and designing appropriate governance regimes for different types of goods in such areas as the environment, food security, and development assistance. The chapter authors, all leading scholars in the field, explore the misalignment between existing GPG policies and actors' incentives and understandings. They analyze the complex impact of incentives, the involvement of stakeholders in collective decision making, and the specific coordination needed for the generation of knowledge. The book shows that governance of GPGs must be democratic, reflexive--emphasizing collective learning processes--and knowledge based in order to be effective.
Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods (Politics, Science, and the Environment)
by Eric Brousseau Tom Dedeurwaerdere Bernd SiebenhünerGovernance challenges and solutions for the provision of global public goods in such areas as the environment, food security, and development.Global public goods (GPGs)—the economic term for a broad range of goods and services that benefit everyone, including stable climate, public health, and economic security—pose notable governance challenges. At the national level, public goods are often provided by government, but at the global level there is no established state-like entity to take charge of their provision. The complex nature of many GPGs poses additional problems of coordination, knowledge generation and the formation of citizen preferences. This book considers traditional public economy theory of public goods provision as oversimplified, because it is state centered and fiscally focused. It develops a multidisciplinary look at the challenges of understanding and designing appropriate governance regimes for different types of goods in such areas as the environment, food security, and development assistance.The chapter authors, all leading scholars in the field, explore the misalignment between existing GPG policies and actors' incentives and understandings. They analyze the complex impact of incentives, the involvement of stakeholders in collective decision making, and the specific coordination needed for the generation of knowledge. The book shows that governance of GPGs must be democratic, reflexive—emphasizing collective learning processes—and knowledge based in order to be effective.
Reflexive Historical Sociology (Routledge Studies in Social and Political Thought #Vol. 22)
by Arpad SzakolczaiThis book reconstructs and brings together the work of a number of social and political theorists in order to gain new insight on the emergence and character of modern Western society. It examines the intersection point of social theory and historical sociology in a new theoretical approach called "reflexive historical sociology". There is analysis of the works of Max Weber, Michel Foucault, Norbert Elias, Eric Voegelin and a number of others. The book is divided into three parts. Part 1 examines the works of Eric Voegelin, Norbert Elias, Lewis Mumford and Franz Borkenau. Part 2 is concerned with the major conceptual tools such as experience, liminality, process, symbolisation, figuration, order, dramatisation and reflexivity, and themes such as the history of forms of thought, subjectivity, knowledge and closed space and regulated time. Finally, the book examines the most important insights of the thinkers discussed, concerning the historical processes that led to modernity.
Reflexivity and International Relations: Positionality, Critique, and Practice (New International Relations)
by Brent J. Steele Jack L AmoureuxReflexivity has become a common term in IR scholarship with a variety of uses and meanings. Yet for such an important concept and referent, understandings of reflexivity have been more assumed rather than developed by those who use it, from realists and constructivists to feminists and post-structuralists. This volume seeks to provide the first overview of reflexivity in international relations theory, offering students and scholars a text that : provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current reflexivity literature develops important insights into how reflexivity can play a broader role in IR theory pushes reflexivity in new, productive directions, and offers more nuanced and concrete specifications of reflexivity moves reflexivity beyond the scholar and the scholarly field to political practice Formulates practices of reflexivity. Drawing together the work of many of the key scholars in the field into one volume, this work will be essential reading for all students of international relations theory.
Reforging European Security: From Confrontation To Cooperation
by Paul Bracken Kurt GottfriedThis book provides some answers to the questions of how to pursue the build-down of the East-West military confrontation in Europe and of how to build up an enduring and effective security system for Europe. It is the result of a three year study of European security affairs.
Reforging the Weakest Link: Global Political Economy and Post-Soviet Change in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (Routledge Revivals)
by Neil RobinsonOriginally published in 2004. The collapse of the USSR and the emergence of 15 new states from its ashes presents another challenge to the global economy: how to reintegrate the post-Soviet space into the international economy. The spread of liberal market ideology and integration of national economic spaces into a global marketplace faces unique difficulties in the former USSR. This insightful volume explains these challenges, showing how Soviet legacies have worked against a smooth re-entry of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus into the global economy. It also demonstrates how and why global economic forces have had very uneven effects in the area, how the area differs from other parts of the post-communist world where reintegration has proceeded more smoothly, and what the future prospects and political implications are for the region in the global economy.
Reform Nation: The First Step Act and the Movement to End Mass Incarceration
by Colleen P. ErenHow one law tells the story of America's modern criminal justice movement In late 2018, the First Step Act was signed into law by President Donald Trump just hours before a government shutdown. It was one of few major pieces of federal criminal justice reform since the 1970s to move toward reversing the incarceration frenzy that had characterized United States policy. While it did not amount to revolutionary reform, in Reform Nation, Colleen P. Eren investigates it as a symbol for the larger movement's trajectory. Its unlikely passage during a period of political polarization was testament to the power of a new constellation of advocates, stakeholders, and strange bedfellow alliances. These intriguing and complex dynamics are indicative of a longer, twenty-year shift in which the movement became nationalized and mainstreamed. Using in-depth interviews with major players in the national movement, formerly incarcerated activists, celebrities, and donors, this is the first book to turn the mirror back on the criminal justice reform movement itself—the frames used, the voices heard, the capital activated among elite participants, and the bitter controversies. This snapshot in time raises much larger questions about how our democratic processes inform criminal justice policy, and where we are going in the decades to come.
Reform Of Local Govt Finance
by Ronan Paddison S. J. BaileyFirst Published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Reform Processes and Policy Change
by George Tsebelis Thomas König Marc DebusGeorge Tsebelis' veto players approach has become a prominent theory to analyze various research questions in political science. Studies that apply veto player theory deal with the impact of institutions and partisan preferences of legislative activity and policy outcomes. It is used to measure the degree of policy change and, thus, reform capacity in national and international political systems. This volume contains the analysis of leading scholars in the field on these topics and more recent developments regarding theoretical and empirical progress in the area of political reform-making. The contributions come from research areas of political science where veto player theory plays a significant role, including, positive political theory, legislative behavior and legislative decision-making in national and supra-national political systems, policy making and government formation. The contributors to this book add to the current scholarly and public debate on the role of veto players, making it of interest to scholars in political science and policy studies as well as policymakers worldwide.
Reform and Development of Agriculture in China
by Zhou LiThis book provides a detailed review of the accumulated experience and lessons from China’s agricultural reform and opening-up since the late 1970s, examining various aspects of this transition and providing a new perspective that can contribute to developing economic theories. The success of China’s reform and opening up creates benefits for farmers, and is driven by farmers. The past experience, problems revealed and lessons learned from failures of market-orientated and progressive reform can provide valuable guidance for those developing countries still lagging behind China.
Reform and Nation-Building: Essays on Socio-Political Transformation in Malaysia (Asia Shorts)
by Sharifah Munirah AlatasSince obtaining independence in 1957, Malaysia has had two historic general elections, the first in 2018 and the second in 2022. The 2018 election brought the reformist Pakatan Harapan government into power. Due to both internal and external machinations, the Pakatan Harapan administration collapsed 22 months later. Subsequently, more than two years of socio-political instability ensued, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, economic hardships, and increasing ethnic polarization and identity politics. After the 2022 election, there was renewed hope. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, Pakatan Harapan again leads a new coalition government (dubbed the “unity” government). Sharifah Munirah Alatas discusses these developments in a series of short essays. She highlights the peoples’ hopes for crucial reforms and their lingering despair for what seems unattainable. Alatas focuses on the rise in corruption, identity politics, and what she considers the dismal failure of the nation’s public universities. She questions the future of the nation but hopes for a revolutionary change in leadership attitudes.
Reform and Rebellion in Weak States (Elements in Political Economy)
by Scott Gehlbach Evgeny FinkelThroughout history, reform has provoked rebellion - not just by the losers from reform, but also among its intended beneficiaries. Finkel and Gehlbach emphasize that, especially in weak states, reform often must be implemented by local actors with a stake in the status quo. In this setting, the promise of reform represents an implicit contract against which subsequent implementation is measured: when implementation falls short of this promise, citizens are aggrieved and more likely to rebel. We explore this argument in the context of Russia's emancipation of the serfs in 1861 - a fundamental reform of Russian state and society that paradoxically encouraged unrest among the peasants who were its prime beneficiaries. We further examine the empirical reach of our theory through narrative analyses of the Tanzimat reforms of the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire, land reform in ancient Rome, the abolition of feudalism during the French Revolution, and land reform in contemporary Latin America.
Reform and Reformation: England 1509-1558
by G. R. EltonReform, not a dream but a rational prospect, had become the spirit of the Reformation England; it also provides the theme for this remarkable history of the reigns of Henry, Edward and Mary.
Reform as Learning: School Reform, Organizational Culture, and Community Politics in San Diego
by Hugh Mehan Mary Kay Stein Lea Ann HubbardLooking closely at the recent reform efforts in San Diego, this book explores the full range of critical issues pertaining to urban school reform. Drawing on the systemic school reform initiative that was launched in San Diego in the 1990s, this book explores all layers of the school reform process - from leadership in the central office, to work with principals and teachers, to the impact on how teachers worked with students in the classroom. The authors draw on careful ethnographic research collected over the entire four years of the San Diego reforms, in order to identify, not only how teachers, principals and other district educators were shaped by the large-scale reforms, but also the ways in which the reform unfolded. In doing so, the book shows more broadly how actors throughout a school system can change the views of leaders and impact the larger reform process.
Reform for Sale: A Common Agency Model with Moral Hazard Frictions (Elements in Law, Economics and Politics)
by David Martimort Perrin LefebvreLobbying competition is viewed as a delegated common agency game under moral hazard. Several interest groups try to influence a policy-maker who exerts effort to increase the probability that a reform be implemented. With no restriction on the space of contribution schedules, all equilibria perfectly reflect the principals' preferences over alternatives. As a result, lobbying competition reaches efficiency. Unfortunately, such equilibria require that the policy-maker pays an interest group when the latter is hurt by the reform. When payments remain non-negative, inducing effort requires leaving a moral hazard rent to the decision maker. Contributions schedules no longer reflect the principals' preferences, and the unique equilibrium is inefficient. Free-riding across congruent groups arises and the set of groups active at equilibrium is endogenously derived. Allocative efficiency and redistribution of the aggregate surplus is linked altogether and both depend on the set of active principals, as well as on the group size.
Reform in Europe: Breaking the Barriers in Government
by Sandra ResodihardjoOne of the most prevailing myths within the social sciences is the difficulty of achieving reform. Governments are either unwilling to push for reform or if they are willing, they are unable to do so. This volume illustrates that reform can and does happen and therefore need not by mythologized. Through carefully selected case studies, the contributions to this volume illustrate reform in several policy sectors and countries, to include the smoking bans in Ireland, public housing in the Netherlands and asylum procedures in Germany. Designed to enhance our understanding of the reform process, this volume is highly suited to the fields of public administration and policy.
Reform of the Federal Reserve System in the Early 1930s: The Politics of Money and Banking (Routledge Library Editions: History of Money, Banking and Finance #12)
by Sue C. PatrickThis book, first published in 1993, examines in detail the bureaucratic and political manoeuvring surrounding the enactment of banking and monetary reforms in the 1930s. Although banking reform influenced the politics of both the Hoover and Roosevelt presidencies, most surveys devote only a few pages to monetary disturbances and the reforms passed as a result.
Reform or Revolution
by Rosa Luxemburg Mary-Alice Waters Eduard BernsteinWhy capitalism cannot overcome its internal contradictions and the working class cannot "reform" away exploitation and economic crises. Introduction by Mary-Alice Waters, glossary of names and terms. Appendix: 'Evolutionary socialism-ultimate aim and tendency' by Eduard Bernstein.
Reform or Revolution and Other Writings
by Rosa LuxemburgA polemic writing by the famous "Red Rosa" Luxemburg, Reform or Revolution (1899) explains why capitalism can never overcome its internal contradictions. An effective refutation of revisionist interpretations of Marxist doctrine, it defines the position of scientific socialism on the issues of social reforms, the state, democracy, and the character of the proletarian revolution.Reform or Revolution opposes Edward Bernstein's revisionist theories, which rejected Marxism in favor of trade unionism and parliamentary procedures. Luxemburg offers articulate and reasoned objections to all of Bernstein's arguments. She defends the necessity for socialism, which provides an answer to the contradictions and inevitable crisis of the capitalist economy, along with a means for a transformation in working class consciousness. This essay remains a key explanation of why there can be no parliamentary road to socialism. It appears here together with Luxemburg's writings on "Leninism or Marxism," "The Mass Strike," and "The Russian Revolution."
Reform und Politik: Zum Scheitern von Reformen in Ministerien (Organisationssoziologie)
by Pauline BoosDiese qualitative Fallstudie nimmt den Diskurs zur Verwaltungsmodernisierung und insbesondere die Forderung einer agilen Verwaltung zum Anlass, postbürokratische Reformen in der Ministerialverwaltung in den Blick zu nehmen. Als postbürokratische Reformen werden hier intendierte Organisationsveränderungen verstanden, die das Ziel haben, Interaktionen und Dezentralisierung in der Entscheidungsfindung zu stärken und gleichzeitig Formalisierung abzubauen. Die Autorin widmet sich der Frage, wie es zum Scheitern solcher Reformen in Ministerien kommen kann. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stehen zwei Einheiten, die in einem Ministerium mit dem Ziel seiner Modernisierung gegründet wurden. Es wird untersucht, wie sich diese Einheiten strukturell zum Rest der Organisation verhalten, inwiefern sie sich unterscheiden und welche Auswirkungen diese Unterschiede auf den Verlauf der Reorganisation haben. Die Autorin fasst die Reform als mikropolitisches Spiel und arbeitet so drei Mechanismen heraus, die zu ihrem Scheitern geführt haben. Dabei diskutiert sie das Verhältnis von Politik, Verwaltung und Reorganisation und entwickelt auf Basis dessen Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis.
Reform, Opening-up and China's Changing Role in Global Governance
by Yuyan ZhangThis book looks back to 40 years ago for the whole history of China’s reform and opening-up and focuses on the role change of China in the relationship with outside world. In the first half part, the author explores China’s economic reform and opening-up policy from theoretical analysis and systematic interpretation. In the second part, the author aims to present how China’s international roles have changed in recent years and the Chinese appeal and purpose of participating in and improving global governance procedure. The author answers the question of why China has obtained miraculous achievements after its reform and opening-up from academic perspective and provides representative cases with profound but not obscure theoretical interpretation. It is a must-read for anyone who is interested in contemporary China’s economy and foreign affairs.
Reform, Transformation and Growth: Observation and Interpretation (Understanding China)
by Jun ZhangThis book aims to present the observation and Interpretation for China’s economic growth since Reform and Opening-up from a Chinese economist’s view. The book is divided into 5 sections, including the research of traditional socialist economic structure, China’s transformation from planned economy to market economy, reform of Chinese industrial economy, economic growth and political economy. Key topics are covered over the past 40 years including strategies for economic transformation, dual-track pricing, industrial transformation and enterprise reform, capital formation and economic growth, structural changes and productivity growth, macroeconomics, fiscal relations between central and local governments, and the political economy of growth.
Reformar sin mayorías. La dinámica del cambio constitucional en México: 1997-2012 La dinámica del cambio constitucional en México: 1997-2012
by María Amparo Casar Ignacio Marván Lorenzo Córdova Sergio López Aylión Eric Magar Francisca Pou Giménez José María Serna José Antonio Caballero Miguel Carbonell¿Cómo se han conseguido los cambios constitucionales que México necesita durante la etapa de los gobiernos sin mayoría en el Congreso?Reformar sin mayorías es producto de una investigación colectiva auspiciada por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD-México) que analiza los cambios constitucionales en México durante la etapa de los gobiernos sin mayoría en el Congreso.A partir de una documentación puntual de la evolución, contenido y sentido del reformismo constitucional, María Amparo Casar e Ignación Marván --coordinadores de este libro-- refutan la tesis de que, durante los años de gobiernos sin mayoría, México ha caído en una parálisis legislativa producto de la imposibilidad de llegar a acuerdos. Asimismo, ponen en claro que la frecuencia y el número de reformas a la Constitución mexicana no son tan excepcionales cuando se las compara con las de otras latitudes, que la política del cambio constitucional ha sido fruto de la colaboración entre las tres principales fuerzas políticas del país y que, de ninguna manera, los cambios negociados durante estos últimos quince años pueden calificarse como insignificantes o triviales.Por el contrario, los estudios que forman parte de este libro muestran que, sobre todo en aspectos como los derechos humanos, el sistema penal o la rendición de cuentas, han modificado en forma significativa el régimen constitucional de México. Otra cosa es, desafortunadamente, que los profundos cambios constitucionales muchas veces queden sólo en el papel.