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Rural Development Planning in Africa
by Meleckidzedeck KhayesiThis book applies a range of theories that focus on current concerns in rural Africa. The contributors lay out the conceptualization, analysis, methods, assumptions, perceptions, and ideas considered in each individual case. Specifically, this project inspires research in the field of rural development in Africa through multi-faceted endeavors that promote the ability of planning to uplift people's well-being and quality of life.
Rural Development Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa and Cooperation with the European Union: United Republic of Tanzania
by Rosemary Dawn Allison Joannes Maria De LucaWhat is the European Union's role in the third millennium geopolitical environment in Sub-Saharan Africa? What are Rural Development Policies in Tanzania? In agriculture they are considered a driver for the development of the entire Country System. What can be created from convergence and cooperation in an African model nation such as The United Republic of Tanzania and the European Vision 2014-2020 in East Africa. This book represents a useful compendium for political scientists and professionals, scholars of the African continent and the evolution of bilateral relations with Europe. It is for those who are interested in updating and deepening the dynamics and characteristics of the European Union's Foreign Policy and Rural Development Policies in Tanzania and their evolution within the East Africa Community. This present research work Rural Development Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa and Cooperation with the European Union: The United Republic of Tanzania has been published to celebrate the tenth anniversary in 2017 of the Joint Africa-European Union Strategy. The author believes in the modernisation of African agriculture, which also goes beyond understanding the policies and their formation. This research work clearly describes the two protagonists the European Union and Tanzania and their respective policies: 2 Visions 1 Future.
Rural Development for Sustainable Social-ecological Systems: Putting Communities First (Palgrave Studies in Environmental Sustainability)
by Séverine Van Bommel Claudia BaldwinThis book provides an overview of interdisciplinary approaches that have applied social science to research focused on issues around food, agriculture and natural resource management. The book demonstrates that those who work in rural sociology either as researchers or practitioners apply community development and participatory techniques to socio-environmental interaction. The book discusses how the evolving concept of interconnected social and ecological systems (SES) emerged, recognizing the inherent complexity, adaptive nature, and resilience of such systems. This book engages with contemporary theory, as well as new cutting-edge transdisciplinary research evidenced in case studies from three continents.
Rural Development in China from the Perspective of Relative Poverty
by Wenrong QianThis book provides a broad survey of Chinese rural households at a time of rapid change in China’s rural economy, examining the dual identity of households as consumers as well as producers of goods in terms of supply and demand. Based on the results of the China Rural Household Panel Survey (CRHPS) by Zhejiang University, this book analyzes four types of economic activities of rural households in China, particularly considering changes at the micro level. It examines how households strive to maximize family efficacy through input-output production decision-making in allocating limited resources. Examining data pertaining to agricultural production, land exploitation, migration and nationalization, as well as changes in economic behavior, this book offers a snapshot of the current situation of rural households in China and suggestions to improve living standards and related policies.
Rural Development in Iran, 1960-2020 (Routledge Explorations in Development Studies)
by Mostafa AzkiaThis book is an authoritative account of rural development in Iran, spanning 60 years and 2 distinct political regimes.Professor Mostafa Azkia has spent many decades demonstrating the importance of participatory rural development, not only in addressing rural problems but also in reducing urban concerns, such as unemployment and overpopulation. This book is the culmination of this work, bringing together a detailed analysis of the theories, history, and strategies of rural and state development in Iran both before and after the Islamic Revolution. Putting rural communities at the fore, the book demonstrates that there has been significant progress in reducing the rural– urban gap, both in terms of income and standards of living, resulting in a more equal path of socioeconomic development for Iran.This comprehensive assessment from Iran’s foremost rural sociologist will be an important read for researchers and professionals working on rural development and sociology in the Middle East.
Rural Development in Southeast Asia: Dispossession, Accumulation and Persistence (Elements in Politics and Society in Southeast Asia)
by Jonathan RiggRural areas and rural people have been centrally implicated in Southeast Asia's modernisation. Through the three entry points of smallholder persistence, upland dispossession, and landlessness, this Element offers an insight into the ways in which the countryside has been transformed over the past half century. Drawing on primary fieldwork undertaken in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, and secondary studies from across the region, Rigg shows how the experience of Southeast Asia offers a counterpoint and a challenge to standard, historicist understandings of agrarian change and, more broadly, development. Taking a rural view allows an alternative lens for theorising and judging Southeast Asia's modernisation experience and narrative. The Element argues that if we are to capture the nature – and not just the direction and amount – of agrarian change in Southeast Asia, then we need to view the countryside as more than rural and greater than farming.
Rural Development: Putting the last first (World Development)
by Robert ChambersRural poverty is often unseen or misperceived by outsiders. Dr Chambers contends that researchers, scientists, administrators and fieldworkers rarely appreciate the richness and validity of rural people's knowledge or the hidden nature of rural poverty. This is a challenging book for all concerned with rural development, as practitioners, academics, students or researchers.
Rural Education Across the World: Models of Innovative Practice and Impact
by Simone White Jayne DowneyThis book brings together authors from United States, South Africa, United Kingdom, China, Canada and Australia to provide insights and case studies from across a range of contexts to explore the interplay between the notions of rurality, innovation and education. The book reveals a hopeful and resilient approach to innovative rural education and scholarship collectively and provides important evidence to speak against an often deficit view of rural education. Three patterns are revealed, namely: the importance of place-attentive strategies, the importance of joined up alliances to maximise resources and networks and finally, the need to utilize alternative methodologies and frameworks that have a starting point of difference rather than deficit for any rural initiative or approach. By drawing from international examples and responding in innovative ways to rural education challenges, this book provides an opportunity to share international insights into innovations, interventions and partnerships that promote and support rural education in its broadest sense.
Rural Education Reform in China: A Policy Mapping Perspective (Exploring Education Policy in a Globalized World: Concepts, Contexts, and Practices)
by Jian Li Eryong XueThis book contextually explores the rural education reform in China from a policy mapping perspective. It discusses a wide range of topics in the context of China's rural areas, including rural school layout adjustment, rural teacher development, rural students' all-round education development, vocational education in rural areas, and rural education informatization development. With the challenges outlined and recommendations provided, the chapters offer a holistic view on China’s rural education reform. This book serves as a guide for scholars and researchers who are interested and work in research on China’s rural education reform, administrators, and stakeholders in China's education system and graduate students who major or minor in the field of rural educational policy.
Rural Education and Queer Identities: Rural and (Out)Rooted (Rural Education and Social Justice)
by Amy Price Azano Clint WhittenRural Education and Queer Identities: Rural and (Out)Rooted explores the facets and intersections of rural education and Queer identities. It looks to schooling and education policy to question how Queer rural youth and educators can be seen, be safe, and be valued in schools and their communities. Taking the claim that rural people are deeply rooted to rural places, this text considers what a sense of rootedness looks like for Queer people in rural communities.Through a diverse collection of scholarly contributions, personal narratives, and creative works, this text goes on to explore the notion of outrootedness and belonging in educational spaces. It presents a more complete, more inclusive picture of rural America and lifts up the voices of Queer rural people to be sung and heard. Topics explored include: Queer and trans advocacy in rural educational spaces; supporting Queer students and educators; intersectional identities; wellbeing and education; sex education in rural schools; and school safety for LGBQT+ students.This unique collection examines intersections between Queer identities and rural education. It will be important reading for scholars and those studying for courses on Foundations of Education, Social Justice Education, History of U.S. Education, Education Policy and Politics, Queer Studies, Women and Gender Studies, as well as pre-service and place-based education courses.
Rural Education in America: What Works for Our Students, Teachers, and Communities
by Geoff Marietta Sky MariettaRural Education in America provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the diversity and complexity of rural communities in the United States and for helping rural educators implement and evaluate successful place-based programs tailored for students and their families. Written by educators who grew up in rural America and returned there to raise their children, the book illustrates how efficacy is determined by the degrees to which instruction, interventions, and programs address the needs and strengths of each unique rural community. Geoff and Sky Marietta weave research, compelling case studies, and personal experience to illustrate effective approaches along the P-16 pipeline. Emphasizing the value and vitality of these communities, the authors advocate for solutions that fit the sociocultural and historical reality of the community, rather than strategies that fundamentally support out-migration. They also provide tools that can be used to evaluate rural educational initiatives and implement place-based strategies that are aligned with the strengths of a particular community.Rural Education in America includes examples from a range of geographic locations, including Eastern Washington, Montana, Ohio, northern Minnesota, North Carolina, Mississippi, Kentucky, and the Navajo Nation. Core chapters focus on critical issues for advancing rural education including early literacy, STEM education, and college completion while highlighting successful programs and partnerships in these areas. This book presents a vision of what rural education can be and how it can attend to the well-being of the people, places, and regions that it serves.
Rural Electrification And Development: Social And Economic Impact In Costa Rica And Colombia
by John Saunders J. Michael Davis Galen Moses James E RossFinancing distribution of electric energy to rural areas in developing countries is a relatively recent activity. The United States Agency for International Development (AID) was the first to loan funds for this purpose. In 1963 it authorized $400, 000 to establish an electric cooperative in Nicaragua. Since then 15 loans have been made by AID for establishing or expanding electric service in nonurban areas of nine countries in Latin America. In this book, the emphasis has been placed on identifying benefits and, within the time and resources available, developing social indicators to place beside economic measurements. The authors have attempted to write this report in as nontechnical a style as possible and to provide a full exposition of all variables and methods employed so as to make it accessible to a general audience.
Rural Enterprise: Shifting Perspectives on Small Scale Production (Critical Perspectives on Rural Change #3)
by Sarah Whatmore Philip Lowe Terry MarsdenOriginally published in 1991, the focus of the contributions in this book is the relationships between rurality and small-scale production, particularly in Europe. This remains relevant, as then, as when the book was first published, the issues covered had a particular resonance in the shifting terrain of Europe and the political debates surrounding its common future. The contributors explore the diversity and significance of rural small-scale production in different countries and the regional disciplinary theoretical discourses which inform research.
Rural Environmental Planning for Sustainable Communities
by Frederic O. Sargent Jose Rivera Paul Lusk Maria VarelaRural Environmental Planning for Sustainable Communities offers an explanation of the concept of Rural Environmental Planning (REP) along with case studies that show how to apply REP to specific issues such as preserving agricultural lands, planning river and lake basins, and preserving historical sites.
Rural Families and Work
by Jean W. Bauer Elizabeth M. DolanRural Families and Work focuses on the findings of the Rural Families Speak research study and the theoretical frameworks that are utilized to examine the context of rural low-income families' employment. This volume provides a solid foundation for understanding rural employment problems and issues. Family ecological theory is the central framework with a discussion of theories that contribute to the opportunities for the contextual research, including family economic stress theory, human capital, human capability, and some selected policy frameworks. Employment is addressed through review of policy issues, community contexts, family and social support, and available resources. Throughout the volume future research directions and applications are highlighted.
Rural Gender Relations: Issues and Case Studies
by B. Bock S. ShortallThe global liberalization of markets and international agricultural and development policies are having profound impact on the structure and identity of rural societies. In this work, Bock (Wageningen U. , the Netherlands) and Shortall (Queen's U. , Northern Ireland) present 23 sociological papers that analyze the relationship between these changes and gender relations in rural areas. In addition to pointing to the impact of rural change on gender relations, the volume seeks to underscore how gender relations influence the nature of rural and agricultural change. The papers are grouped according to four major themes: gender and agricultural change, gender and rural migration, gender and rural politics, and rurality and gender identity.
Rural Governance in the UK: Towards a Sustainable and Equitable Society (Routledge Studies in Sustainability)
by Ruth McAreavey Sean Heron Adrienne AttorpThis book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of rural society in a post-Brexit UK by examining the emergence of new environmental and rural policies and the implications of this transition for rural communities. Through the Common Agricultural Policy, Common Fisheries Policy, the Birds and Habitats Directives, the Water Framework Directive and a myriad of other legislations and institutions, the EU has had a deciding role in how the UK’s rural environment is governed. Disentangling this policy legacy is a complex process and offers both opportunities and challenges for policy makers, institutions, organisations and stakeholders across the UK as they strive to create appropriate new governance structures. With the Agriculture Bill, the 25-Year Environment Plan and the founding of the Office of Environmental Protection, the UK government has provided at least a degree of clarity on the future direction of environmental governance, but much remains uncertain, not least how this is engaged with by different stakeholders. While Brexit is the lens through which rural policy and sustainability are interrogated, this collection demonstrates the underpinning features of rural policy and society, identifying opportunities for addressing deep-seated policy weaknesses thereby creating a more sustainable and equitable rural society. This book brings together academics, established and early career, to discuss the impact of Brexit on rural environmental governance and on the wider sustainability of rural society, relating to three overall themes: rural governance, sustainable land use, and sustainable rural communities. In doing so, it considers sectors beyond agriculture, paying attention to social relations, community infrastructure, the environment, rural development and broader issues of land use. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of rural development, rural entrepreneurship, rural digital inclusion, environmental policy, sustainable development, land use, agrarian studies and environmental geography.
Rural Housing, Exurbanization, and Amenity-Driven Development: Contrasting the 'Haves' and the 'Have Nots' (Perspectives On Rural Policy And Planning Ser.)
by Mark LappingRural America is progressing through a dramatic and sustained post-industrial economic transition. For many, traditional means of household sustenance gained through agriculture, mining and rustic tourism are giving way to large scale corporate agriculture, footloose and globally competitive manufacturing firms, and mass tourism on an unprecedented scale. These changes have brought about an increased presence of affluent amenity migrants and returnees, as well as growing reliance on low-wage, seasonal jobs to sustain rural household incomes. This book argues that the character of rural housing reflects this transition and examines this using contemporary concepts of exurbanization, rural amenity-based development, and comparative distributional descriptions of the "haves" and the "have nots". Despite rapid in-migration and dramatic changes in land use, there remains a strong tendency for communities in rural America to maintain the idyllic small-town myth of large-lot, single-family home-ownership. This neglects to take into account the growing need for affordable housing (both owner-occupied and rental properties) for local residents and seasonal workers. This book suggests that greater emphasis be placed in rural housing policies that account for this rapid social and economic change and the need for affordable rural housing alternatives.
Rural Housing: Competition and Choice
by Michael Dunn Alan Rogers Marilyn RawsonOriginally published in 1981, this book explores the plight of the locally born or locally employed faced with spiralling house prices and strong and unequal competition from the wealthier commuter, second-home owner or retirement migrant. It was the first book to examine the policy and planning issues in relation to these problems from the starting point of basic research and analysis.
Rural Land Takings Law in Modern China: Origin and Evolution
by Chun PengOne of the most pressing issues in contemporary China is the massive rural land takings that have taken place at a scale unprecedented in human history. Expropriation of land has dispossessed and displaced millions for several decades, despite the protection of property rights in the Chinese constitution. <P>Combining meticulous doctrinal analysis with in-depth historical investigation, Chun Peng tracks the origin and evolution of China's rural land takings law over the twentieth century and demonstrates an enduring tradition of land takings for state-led social transformation, under which the takings law is designed to be power-confirming. <P>With changed socio-political circumstances and a new rights-respecting constitutional agenda, a rebalance of the law is now underway, but only within existing parameters. Peng provides a piercing analysis of how land has been used by the largest developing country in the world to develop itself, at what costs and where the future might be.<P>Investigates a much studied topic from a refreshing and penetrating angle.<P> Challenges the widely accepted conventional wisdom.<P> Illuminates the complicated and changing dynamics of law and politics in China.
Rural Landscapes and Agricultural Policies in Europe
by Annette Piorr Klaus MüllerThe reform of the European agricultural policy aims at stimulating the development of European towards more sustainability and more competitiveness in global markets, by ensuring environmental soundness, supporting rural viability and better meeting consumers demands. Parallel to this farming in the ever growing EU is undergoing major changes. The conditions for production are occurring faster than ever, including developments such as climate change, new markets (bioenenergy), structural changes and ageing rural societies. Agriculture in an ever changing Europe has to develop multifunctional regional strategies. About 40 scientists from 11 European research institutions compiled this joint publication to provide an overview of concepts and approaches for multi functionality impact assessment, which includes surveys on societal demands in different parts of Europe. A central part presents research results on the impact of current agricultural policies and future scenarios, assessed by micro-economic and environmental modeling procedures (agent based, linear programming, trade-offs). They provide information on the issues of how and why farmers in varying structural and geophysical frameworks respond to the new CAP (Common Agricultural Policies) reform. One large chapter specifies the developments in 7 case study regions in Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Slovakia.
Rural Latin America in Transition: Development and Change in Mexico and Venezuela (Governance, Development, and Social Inclusion in Latin America)
by Ray WattersThis book provides an in-depth and broad study on rural Latin America over a 60-year period. Using a case study approach of Mexico and Venezuela, peasants and lower rural classes are examined at the local, meso and national levels. Additionally, the study analyzes government policies, development, and leadership in each country. Latin America has tried to ride the waves of globalization, worldwide economic and environmental crises; the author examines Mexico and Venezuela's relations with the political hegemony of superpowers like the US, EU and China. The material will appeal to researchers, graduate students and policy makers in the fields of rural development, Latin American politics, and international relations.
Rural Livelihood and Environmental Sustainability in China (China Connections Ser.)
by Gretchen C. Daily Jie Li Shuzhuo Li Marcus FeldmanThe book considers the challenge of poverty and deterioration of the ecological environment in China, particularly in rural areas. Examining key factors such as the overuse of natural resources and the loss of biodiversity in the face of an expanding population and rapidly developing economy. It focuses on examining the frameworks of rural households in poor mountainous areas in rural China, considering their livelihood choices and decision-making processes. It analyses the relationship between these households’ livelihoods and their environment, notably farmers’ attitudes and perceptions towards ecological conservation policies, and their use of forest resources. Cutting across the fields of population studies, sociology, economy and environment, this is an important read for scholars and students interested in how China is dealing with the challenges of natural resources exploitation, sustainable development and social welfare.
Rural Livelihoods in China: Political economy in transition (Routledge Explorations in Development Studies)
by Heather Xiaoquan ZhangIn recent decades, China has undergone rapid economic growth, industrialisation and urbanisation concomitant with deep and extensive structural and social change, profoundly reshaping the country’s development landscape and urban-rural relationships. This book applies livelihoods approaches to deepen our understanding of the changes and continuities related to rural livelihoods within the wider context of political economy of development in post-socialist China, bridging the urban and rural scenarios and probing the local, national and global dynamics that have impacted on livelihood, in particular its mobility, security and sustainability. Presenting theoretically informed and empirically grounded research by leading scholars from across the world, this book offers multidisciplinary perspectives on issues central to rural livelihoods, development, welfare and well-being. It documents and analyses the processes and consequences of change, focusing on social protection of mobile livelihoods, particularly rural migrants’ citizenship rights in the city, and the environmental, social and political aspects of sustainability in the countryside. This book contributes to the current scholarly and policy debates, and is among the first attempts to critically reflect on China’s market transition and the associated pathways to change. It will be of interest to students in international development studies, China studies, social policy, public health, political science, and environmental studies at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as well as academics, policy makers and practitioners who are concerned with China’s human and social development in general, and agriculture and rural livelihoods in particular.
Rural Local Governance and Development
by Mahi PalA comprehensive textbook that explores the practical dimensions and the political dynamics of Panchayati Raj system and its impact on rural development in India. Rural Local Governance and Development introduces its readers to the concept of governance and various aspects of the Panchayat Raj Institutions, including Panchayats in the Fifth Scheduled Areas and the institutional arrangements in the Sixth and other Scheduled Areas. The book also focusses on the role of voluntary and community-based organizations, along with the participation of vulnerable groups and their involvement in the implementation of various programmes and schemes, strategies and policy instruments in rural development.Covering wider aspects of rural governance and development, this book provides knowledge of how people, communities, institutions and PRIs plan and implement development in rural India. The balanced blend of both theory and field insights make this textbook relevant to not only students of public administration, political science and development administration but also practitioners, civil society actors and researchers. Key Features: • Analyses and links the complexities of rural governance with the challenges of development in contemporary India • Draws extensively on author's field experiences of working in villages and with grass-roots level institutions • Each chapter aided by Main Points to Remember and review questions for classroom discussion