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The Impact of COVID-19 on Devolution: Recentralising the British State Beyond Brexit?
by Janice MorphetThe COVID-19 pandemic is the first time that many of the UK population, including its national politicians, have become aware of the practical dimensions of devolution to its four nations through the delivery of support to those affected by the virus. Part of the COVID Collection, this topical book explores how the public perception of the decentralized governments has changed during the pandemic and uses case studies to discuss the actions taken by central government to undermine the devolution settlement. Assessing the role of local government in supporting communities despite cuts from central government, it makes a vital contribution to the debate on the future options for the UK within the context of Brexit and what follows.
The Impact of COVID-19 on India and the Global Order: A Multidisciplinary Approach
by Zakir Husain Mousumi Dutta Anup Kumar SinhaThis book provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the many socio-economic challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic across international boundaries, disrupting the economic system and life styles globally. It starts by setting the historical context of the pandemic and proceeds to describe the impact on the Indian economy, how certain sections of the population have become economically and psychologically vulnerable. International experts from diverse fields—development economics, macroeconomics, corporate finance, history, sociology, psychology, public policy, and urban studies—contribute to this exciting analysis of an Indian and global society at the crossroads. The book examines emerging themes related to global economic revival, intellectual property rights over the vaccine, and rupturing of the global supply chains. It discusses the response of institutions and markets to the global pandemic. It closes with a futuristic look at the new society and global system that may emerge out of the chaos. A valuable resource appealing to a wide readership across the social sciences and the humanities. Readers include undergraduate students, postgraduate students, researchers and academic teachers, and also public policy experts.
The Impact of China's 1989 Tiananmen Massacre (China Policy Series)
by Jean-Philippe BéjaThe 1989 pro-democracy movement in China constituted a huge challenge to the survival of the Chinese communist state, and the efforts of the Chinese Communist party to erase the memory of the massacre testify to its importance. This consisted of six weeks of massive pro-democracy demonstrations in Beijing and over 300 other cities, led by students, who in Beijing engaged in a hunger strike which drew wide public support. Their actions provoked repression from the regime, which - after internal debate - decided to suppress the movement with force, leading to a still-unknown number of deaths in Beijing and a period of heightened repression throughout the country. This book assesses the impact of the movement, and of the ensuing repression, on the political evolution of the People’s Republic of China. The book discusses what lessons the leadership learned from the events of 1989, in particular whether these events consolidated authoritarian government or facilitated its adaptation towards a new flexibility which may, in time, lead to the transformation of the regime. It also examines the impact of 1989 on the pro-democracy movement, assessing whether its change of strategy since has consolidated the movement, or if, given it success in achieving economic growth and raising living standards, it has become increasingly irrelevant. It also examines how the repression of the movement has affected the economic policy of the Party, favoring the development of large State Enterprises and provoking an impressive social polarisation. Finally, Jean-Philippe Béja discusses how the events of 1989 are remembered and have affected China’s international relations and diplomacy; how human rights, law enforcement, policing, and liberal thought have developed over two decades.
The Impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia: Evaluating Risks and Benefits
by Yos Santasombat Kian Cheng LeeDrawing insights from intensive empirical investigation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects in various Southeast Asian countries, this book assesses and analyzes the continuing impact of China’s BRI on Thailand and ASEAN at a critical period of Southeast Asian history. Over the past decade, the BRI, a large flagship foreign policy effort of President Xi Jinping, has had a significant economic, political, and environmental impact across the world. Since its inception, the BRI has remained shrouded in confusion and controversy. The Covid-19 pandemic also presented additional challenges for our understanding of the BRI that warrant further exploration. This volume places special focus on special economic zones (SEZs) and high-speed train projects, and comparatively examines and critically analyzes the risks and benefits stemming from these megaprojects. Breaking away from existing academic studies on the BRI, which have been largely based on macro analysis with a top-down approach and theoretical deliberation, this book focuses on local realities with a qualitative approach to identify the potential impact of the BRI on the development of ASEAN countries. By way of a bottom-up, empirically-rich, first-hand ethnographic account of the risks and benefits of the BRI projects at the local, national, and regional levels in ASEAN, this book makes a substantial contribution to multiple disciplinary arenas, from anthropology, sociology, and history, to political science and international relations, with particular relevance to those researching China and its relationships with Southeast Asia.
The Impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: From Asia to Europe (Rethinking Asia and International Relations)
by Jeremy GarlickThis book merges macro- and micro-level analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to dissect China’s aim in creating an integrated Eurasian continent through this single mega-project. BRI has been the source of much interest and confusion, as established frameworks of analysis seek to understand China’s intentions behind the policy. China’s international activity in the early 21st century has not yet been successfully theorised by IR scholars because of a failure to satisfactorily encompass its complexity. In addition, the mix-and-match syncretism of the Chinese approach to foreign policy has been under-emphasised or omitted in many analyses. Bringing together complexity thinking and analytic eclecticism to assess the degree to which this scheme can transform international relations, Garlick critically examines this large-scale interconnectivity project and its potential impacts. The book will be of interest to scholars and practitioners in the field of international relations and China studies including academics, policy-makers and diplomats around the world.
The Impact of Cleavages on Swiss Voting Behaviour
by Andreas C. GoldbergThis book studies the impact of cleavages on electoral choices. Based on a case study of Switzerland, it analyses how cleavages divide voters into voting blocs and how this influences Swiss voting behaviour and the Swiss party system. The first part examines the development of salient cleavages such as religion, social class, rural-urban, and language between 1971 and 2011. Behavioural changes among voters and changes in the size of social groups are explored as explanatory factors for the decline of cleavage voting. The second part proposes a contextual perspective analysis of the current impact of cleavages using both individual and contextual factors. These factors are also combined to examine interaction effects between the individual and the context. Finally, the third part analyses whether the impact of cleavages has harmonised across different contexts (Swiss cantons) over time.
The Impact of Cloud Computing on the Japanese Macroeconomy (Advances in Information and Communication Research #6)
by Atsushi OzuThis book focuses on the economic aspects of cloud computing, a critical ICT infrastructure in our digital age. The market for cloud computing is rapidly expanding and changing the nature of business in all industries. This book estimates and analyzes the impact of the diffusion of cloud computing on the Japanese macroeconomy, employing model-based simulations. Cloud computing services are being provided not only as simple data storage services but also as various value-added services. The market has shifted to an oligopoly, with a limited number of big-name global firms as the main players. This book quantitatively estimates the impact of this shift on Japan’s utility-based social welfare. The book also discusses public policy measures that can enhance free competition in a cloud computing market with oligopolistic characteristics. One aim of this book is to provide policymakers and researchers with fundamental data and an analytic approach that can be used to formulate public policy around cloud computing in terms of both regulation and market promotion.
The Impact of Covid-19 on the Institutional Fabric of Higher Education: Old Patterns, New Dynamics, and Changing Rules?
by Rómulo Pinheiro Akiyoshi Yonezawa Pundy Pillay Elizabeth BalbachevskyThis open access book assesses how the Covid-19 pandemic caught higher education systems throughout the world by surprise. It maps out the responses of higher education institutions to the challenges and strategic opportunities brought about by the pandemic, and examines the effects such responses may have. Bringing together scholars and case studies from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, the book is both comparative and global in nature. It also brings together researchers from a variety of disciplinary fields, including political scientists, historians, economists, sociologist, and anthropologists. In doing so, the book fosters an inter-disciplinary dialogue and inclusive methodological approach for unpacking the complexities associated with modern higher education systems and institutions.
The Impact of Displaced People's Temporary Shelters on their Surrounding Environment
by Supang Chantavanich Suwattana ThadanitiThis book is one of four volumes on a major empirical migration study by leading Thai migration specialists from Chulalongkorn University (Bangkok) for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). this volume discusses the environmental impact of temporary shelters for displaced people along the Thai-Myanmar border. Of nine shelters, three were selected for detailed study: Ban Tham Hin (Ratchaburi province), Ban Mai Nai Soi (Mae Hong Son province), and Ban Mae La (Tak province). For each shelter, various research methods were used to assess the environmental conditions, analyse the ways of living and use of resources by displaced persons, and disclose their perceptions of the environmental conditions they face. The environmental impact of the shelters on the surrounding areas were also assessed by listening to officials and representatives. The book provides realistic policy recommendations for a durable solution for refugees at the borders. Practitioners and policymakers from governments, international organizations and NGOs will benefit from its findings. The volume is also helpful for anyone studying forced migration and its denouement in the age of globalization.
The Impact of Diversity on Global Leadership Performance
by Sylvana StoreyThis book examines the cognitive, social and behavioural skills that leaders need to have within their capability portfolio and how this can be applied to drive a diversity agenda in their organizations. The book presents LEAD#65533; - an analytical tool that offers an integrated change management process to build leadership and diversity capability.
The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe (Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics)
by Marina Costa LoboThis open access book focuses on the importance that EU politicization has gained in European democracies and the consequences for voting behaviour in six countries of the EU: Belgium, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain. Most of the studies which research the way the EU is being legitimised focus on the European Parliament elections. In this book we argue that to understand how EU accountability works, it is necessary to focus instead on national elections and the national political environment. Through a detailed, multimethod analysis this book establishes rigorously the paths of European accountability at the national level, its propitious contexts in the media and parliamentary debates, and whether the paths are similar from Greece to Germany. The findings have implications for both national and European Union democracy, underlining the importance that national institutions have in enabling citizens to hold the EU accountable.
The Impact of European Employment Strategy in Greece and Portugal
by Sotirios ZartaloudisThrough the new use of new empirical evidence derived from analysing employment services, gender equality policies and flexicurity in Greece and Portugal, this book provides compelling new insights into how European Employment Strategy (EES) can influence the domestic employment policy of European Union member states.
The Impact of European Human Rights Bodies on Penal Policies (Human Rights Interventions)
by Gaëtan CliquennoisA new framework for penal and prison policies in Europe has been progressively established by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU) to protect the human rights of detainees in Europe. European countries have reacted in very diverse ways to this influence. This book looks at the evolving content of case law and European Standards and their effects through a range of national reactions, processes and policies in different European countries.
The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus (Routledge Advances in European Politics)
by Dimitri AlmeidaThis book traces the positions of national partisan actors towards the development of the European polity in an in-depth comparative analysis covering all member states of the European Union over a period of 60 years. The author examines the approach of the social democratic, radical left, liberal, Christian democratic and radical right party families, eliciting a comprehensive analysis of partisan positions on European integration. Demonstrating that attitudes and programmatic changes towards European integration must be understood both as the product of long-term ideological traditions and domestic opposition or incumbency-seeking strategies, this book examines how far common ideological traditions lead to the emergence of convergent European policies. Based on an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses political science, history and area studies, this book provides background and analysis, and develops theory in an open and accessible style that expands the understanding of party behaviour. Using party programmes and quantitative data, the book reveals considerable cross-family variations regarding the extent to which parties’ genetic origins shape partisan responses to Europe. The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties will be of interest to students and scholars of European politics, European integration, comparative politics and political parties.
The Impact of European Integration on West European Politics: Committed Pro-Europeans Strike Back (Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics)
by Luca CarrieriThis book analyses emerging trends in the politicisation of EU conflicts in Western Europe between 2006 and 2019, evaluating the transformative effects arising from multiple crises – the Euro crisis, the migration crisis and the Brexit Referendum. It describes how EU issues have been increasingly emphasised and polarised by various political parties – both the mainstream pro-EU and anti-EU protest parties – and have been transformed into more meaningful determinants of voting. The respective chapters investigate the fluctuations in EU issue entrepreneurship and EU issue voting, identifying which party types have been more likely to benefit from their EU issue proximity to voters, and assessing the growing politicisation of the EU conflict in both South European and North-Western countries. This book will be of particular interest to students and scholars of political parties, European politics, Euroscepticism and voting behaviour.
The Impact of Expansion on European Union Institutions
by Eva G. HeidbrederHow does policy-making trigger the institutionalization of steering capacities? This book investigates this question by tackling why the European Commission expanded competences that were intentionally limited to the specific pre-accession context prior the 2004/07 EU enlargement.
The Impact of Finnish Teacher Education on International Policy: Understanding University Training Schools
by Jennifer ChungThis book explores the partnership between Finnish universities and the university-affiliated teacher training schools known as 'normal schools'. It examines the benefits of school-based learning combined with Master’s-level teacher education, uncovering the advantages of this unique school-university partnership. This book also explores the possibility of Finnish teacher education, and more specifically, the normaalikoulu, and its potential as an international export product. Although policy borrowing theory has long warned about the difficulties in successful transfer, interest in Finnish teacher education continues to rise. Therefore, this book investigates, in depth, the historical, cultural, and current context of Finnish teacher education and the normal schools, and the potential to move this policy abroad.
The Impact of MacroEconomic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution
by François Bourguignon Maurizio Bussolo Luiz A. Pereira da SilvaA companion to the bestseller, The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution, this title deals with theoretical challenges and cutting-edge macro-micro linkage models. The authors compare the predictive and analytical power of various macro-micro linkage techniques using the traditional RHG approach as a benchmark to evaluate standard policies, such as a typical stabilization package and a typical structural reform policy.
The Impact of Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan: Political, Social, Environmental and Cultural Contexts (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
by Troy SternbergThis volume investigates how mining affects societies and communities in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan. As ex-Soviet states, Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan share history, culture and transitions to democracy. Most importantly, both are mineral-rich countries on China’s frontier and epi-centres of resource extraction. This volume examines challenges communities in these countries encounter on the long journey through resource exploration, extraction and mine closure. The book is organised into three related sections which travel from mine licensing and instigation to early anticipation of benefit through the realisation of social and environmental impacts to finite issues such as jobs, monitoring, dispute resolution and reclamation. Most originally, each chapter will include a final section entitled ‘Notes from the Field’ that presents the voice of in-country researchers and stakeholders. These sections will provide local contextual knowledge on the chapter’s theme by practitioners from Mongolia and Central Asia. The volume thereby offers a distinctively grounded perspective on the tensions and benefits of mining in this dynamic region. Using Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan as case studies, the volume reflects on the evolving challenges communities and societies encounter with resource extraction worldwide. The book will be of great interest to students and scholars of mining and natural resource extraction, corporate social responsibility and sustainable development.
The Impact of Networks on Unemployment
by J. M. HurstThis book investigates why networks, some with joined-up governance remits, appeared ineffective in handling neighbourhood unemployment even in periods when the national unemployment levels dropped. It deploys a multi-theoretical and methodological framework to investigate this empirical puzzle, and to test and analyse the causal factors influencing network outcomes. Chapters examine network concepts, network theories, outcome indicators, the historical infrastructure and management of unemployment policy, and governing network trends in post-war urban regeneration interventions. Comparative network case studies offer empirical evidence and a high degree of local variation. Mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative approaches), including social network analysis, uncover formal and informal networks, and eighty-six interviews in two English local authorities with persistent unemployment, give voice to network practitioner experiences. Findings explain why sub-optimal network outcomes prevail and operational difficulties persist on the ground. Students and academics, professionals and activists can use the results to challenge network governance theories and the policy status-quo.
The Impact of Patient-Centered Care: Promoting Chronic Conditions Management for Older People
by Hailun LiangThis book investigates the impact of patient-centered care (PCC) for older adults with chronic conditions and presents new evidence concerning its effects on the care process and health outcomes. The book highlights the impact of PCC on elderly chronic disease patients’ health experiences and demonstrates that PCC is associated with better performance in delivering care to this group of patients. The PCC approach also provides opportunities for improving the delivery of cancer care, although patient-centered oncology care is still in its infancy and evidence on its effectiveness is scant. The book also includes a systemic review and meta-analysis of connections between PCC and cancer patients’ adverse healthcare utilization, costs, patient satisfaction, and quality of care. This book is unique in terms of the measures’ comprehensiveness and provides ample evidence that the implementation of PCC is associated with better healthcare performance. The intended readers include researchers in related fields, graduate students, and healthcare providers. It is hoped the book offers further evidence for meaningful practice and have many policy and research implications in PCC.
The Impact of Populism on European Institutions and Civil Society: Discourses, Practices, and Policies (Palgrave Studies in European Political Sociology)
by Carlo Ruzza Paolo Cossarini Carlo BertiWhat is the impact of populism on the EU? How did the EU institutions and civil society react to the recent rise of populist parties? To answer such relevant questions and understand populism in terms of ideas, political outcomes, and social dynamics, academia needs to engage with institutional actors, civil society organizations, and policy makers. By bringing together academics, members of European institutions and agencies, and leaders of civil society organizations, this edited volume bridges the gap between research and practice. It explores how populism impacted on European institutions and civil society and investigates their reactions and strategies to overcome the challenges posed by populists. This collection is organized into three main sections, i.e., general European governance; European Parliament and Commission; European organized civil society. Overall, the volume unveils how the populist threat was perceived within the EU institutions and NGOs and discusses the strategies they devised to react and how these were implemented in institutional and public communication.
The Impact of Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure: Lights, Shadows, and the Road Ahead
by Thomas Haven J. Luis Guasch Luis Andres Vivien FosterInfrastructure plays a key role in fostering growth and productivity and has been linked to improved earnings, health, and education levels for the poor. Yet Latin America and the Caribbean are currently faced with a dangerous combination of relatively low public and private infrastructure investment. Those investment levels must increase, and it can be done. If Latin American and Caribbean governments are to increase infrastructure investment in politically feasible ways, it is critical that they learn from experience and have an accurate idea of future impacts. This book contributes to this aim by producing what is arguably the most comprehensive privatization impact analysis in the region to date, drawing on an extremely comprehensive dataset.
The Impact of Protracted Peace Processes on Identities in Conflict: The Case of Israel and Palestine (Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies)
by Joana RicarteThis open access book discusses the impact of protracted peace processes on identities in conflict. It is concerned with how lingering peace processes affect, in the long-term, patterns of othering in protracted conflicts, and how this relates with enduring violence. Taking Israel and Palestine as a case study, the book traces different representations of success and failure of the protracted peace process, as well as its associated policies, narratives, norms and practices, to analyze its impact on identity and its contribution to the maintenance and/or transformation of the cultural component of violence. On the one hand, drawing from an interdisciplinary approach comprising International Relations (IR), History and Social Psychology, this book proposes an analytical framework for assessing the specificities of the construction of identities in protracted conflicts. It identifies dehumanization and practices of reconciliation in ongoing conflicts – what is called peace-less reconciliation – as the main elements influencing processes of othering and violence in this kind of conflicts. On the other hand, the book offers an empirical historical analysis on how the protracted peace process has impacted identity building and representations made of the ‘other’ in the case of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict since the end of the 19th century to the present day.
The Impact of Race on U.S. Foreign Policy: A Reader
by Michael L. KrennThis book shows that race has played an important role in the nation's foreign relations from the time the first English colonists clambered onto the shores of the North American continent. It also shows that the colonists had already progressed rather far in defining themselves in racial terms.