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The Political Psychology of Social Unrest in Latin America (Global Perspectives in Political Psychology)
by Hüseyin ÇakalThe Political Psychology of Social Unrest in Latin America is a unique collection of research and writings by Latin American scholars. It explores the social, psychological, and political factors of the recent turmoil in Latin American countries.From the ongoing political crisis in Venezuela, the impeachment demonstrations in Brazil, student movements in Chile, and massive demonstrations in Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Nicaragua, this edited volume analyses the underlying similarities and differences between these events through the lens of diverse research traditions, methods, and researchers. The book examines both actual inequalities and disadvantages as well as the role of perceptions of inequality and injustice. The authors also investigate the role of micro-processes, such as cultural consumption in the family, and the role of social psychological processes in historical Latin American unrest. By utilising leading approaches in social and political psychology and testing these approaches in the context of a very diverse and dynamic non-WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies, the authors bring the communities and civilizations less studied by Western social psychologists to the international audience.Focusing on how social and political processes unfold in different countries and providing insights into the psychological underpinnings of social unrest from a variety of perspectives, this is an essential reading for students and researchers of psychology, social, political, peace and cross-cultural psychology as well as political science and sociology.
The Political Psychology of War Rape: Studies from Bosnia and Herzegovina (War, Politics and Experience)
by Inger SkjelsbækThis book provides a conceptual framework for understanding war rape and its impact, through empirical examination of the case of Bosnia. Providing a contextual understanding of sexual violence in war, and situating Bosnian war rape in relation to subsequent conflicts, the book offers a methodological outline of how sexual violence in war can be studied from a political-psychological perspective. It presents empirical findings from the field that show what war rape can entail in the aftermath of armed conflict for victims and their communities. Through its comprehensive approach to Bosnian experiences, the volume expands the conceptualization of victimhood and challenges the assumption that sexual violence is a particularly difficult theme to study because of victim silence. Rather, the author demonstrates there are many voices that can provide insight and understandings of war rape and its impact without having to compromise the safety and privacy of individual victims. Finally, the book shows the ways in which individual experiences of war rape are shaped by national and international discourses on gender, sexuality and politics. This book will be of interest to students of political psychology, war and conflict studies, European politics, ethnic conflict, politics and IR in general.
The Political Psychology of Women in U.S. Politics (Routledge Studies in Political Psychology)
by Angela L. Bos Monica C. SchneiderThe Political Psychology of Women in U.S. Politics is a comprehensive resource for students, researchers, and practitioners interested in women and politics. Highly original and drawing from the best available research in psychology and political science, this book is designed to summarize and extend interdisciplinary research that addresses how and why men and women differ as citizens, as political candidates, and as officeholders. The chapters in this volume are focused on differences in the political behavior and perceptions of men and women, yet the chapters also speak to broader topics within American politics – including political socialization, opinion formation, candidate emergence, and voting behavior. Broadly, this volume addresses the causes and consequences of women’s underrepresentation in American government. This book is the ideal resource for students and researchers of all levels interested in understanding the unique political experiences of diverse women, and the importance of rectifying the problem of gender disparities in American politics.
The Political Psychology of the Veil: The Impossible Body (Palgrave Studies in Political Psychology)
by Sahar GhumkhorVeiled women in the West appear menacing. Their visible invisibility is a cause of obsession. What is beneath the veil more than a woman? This book investigates the preoccupation with the veiled body through the imaging and imagining of Muslim women. It examines the relationship between the body and knowledge through the politics of freedom as grounded in a ‘natural’ body, in the index of flesh. The impulse to unveil is more than a desire to free the Muslim woman. What lies at the heart of the fantasy of saving the Muslim woman is the West’s desire to save itself. The preoccupation with the veiled woman is a defense that preserves neither the object of orientalism nor the difference embodied in women’s bodies, but inversely, insists on the corporeal boundaries of the West’s mode of knowing and truth-making. The book contends that the imagination of unveiling restores the West’s sense of its own power and enables it to intrude where it is ‘other’ – thus making it the centre and the agent by promising universal freedom, all the while stifling the question of what freedom is.
The Political Reconstruction of American Tobacco, 1862-1933 (Reconstructing America)
by Patrick Mulford O’ConnorA deeply researched and clearly argued account of the mutual growth of the federal government and the modern tobacco Nearly everything about the United States tobacco economy changed in the generation following the American Civil War. From labor to consumption, manufacturing to regulation, tobacco was utterly reconstructed, “comparatively a new industry,” as one contemporary wrote.The Political Reconstruction of American Tobacco, 1862–1933 exposes the causes of these changes, and in the process, it reconsiders cornerstones of the American national narrative. Through a detailed rendering of tobacco’s late-nineteenth-century political economy, this book argues that the federal state’s and American capitalism’s development were mutually constitutive—and fundamentally political—processes. From the Civil War to the Progressive Era, diverse political movements across tobacco’s commodity chain drove state and market development, creating the immense power and stifling poverty that defined tobacco’s reconstruction. The Political Reconstruction of American Tobacco, 1862–1933 emphasizes the significance of the thousands of manufacturers whose interest groups shaped federal tax policy and, in turn, forged a powerful and effective internal revenue system; the increasingly influential fertilizer producers and warehouse operators who determined tobacco’s value; and the crop scientists who sought to promote and rationalize US tobacco production. As these actors reshaped tobacco’s commodity chain, they missed, and even dismissed, the interests of tobacco growers, especially newly emancipated African Americans and smallholding whites throughout the South.The ruling logic of tobacco’s reconstructed political economy rationalized agrarian indebtedness, justified low prices, and intensified labor discipline on thousands of small farms. In emphasizing these exclusions, The Political Reconstruction of American Tobacco, 1862–1933 reveals how nineteenth-century state and economic development coincided with and even created rural poverty.
The Political Regulation Wave: A Case of How Local Incentives Systematically Shape Air Quality in China (Cambridge Studies on Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Governance)
by Shiran Victoria ShenWhy has there been uneven success in reducing air pollution even in the same locality over time? This book offers an innovative theorization of how local political incentives can affect bureaucratic regulation. Using empirical evidence, it examines and compares the control of different air pollutants in China-an autocracy-and, to a lesser extent, Mexico-a democracy. Making use of new data, approaches, and techniques across political science, environmental sciences, and engineering, Shen reveals that local leaders and politicians are incentivized to cater to the policy preferences of their superiors or constituents, respectively, giving rise to varying levels of regulatory stringency during the leaders' tenures. Shen demonstrates that when ambiguity dilutes regulatory effectiveness, having the right incentives and enhanced monitoring is insufficient for successful policy implementation. Vividly explaining key phenomena through anecdotes and personal interviews, this book identifies new causes of air pollution and proposes timely solutions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Political Representation of Immigrants and Minorities: Voters, Parties and Parliaments in Liberal Democracies (Routledge/ECPR Studies in European Political Science)
by Karen BirdIn 2005, almost 700,000 immigrants acquired the citizenship of a member state of the European Union; over 600,000 became US citizens; nearly 100,000 became Australians and approximately 200,000 Canadians. 2005 was not an exceptional year. During the past decades, many advanced liberal democracies have become more ethnically diverse societies. This book breaks new ground in the analysis of the political representation of immigrants and visible minorities both theoretically and empirically. It examines the upward trend in migrant and minority representation and demonstrates that there remain crucial differences across liberal democracies in the timing of these developments; in channels of access for minority representatives, in the policy focus and outcomes of minority representation; in the nature of the connections between minority representatives and minority communities, and in the nature of their relationships with constituents at large. Part I analyses immigrants and visible minorities as voters, who must be the starting point of any analysis of political representation. Part II deals with the stage of candidate selection within political parties, a crucial and under-researched stage in the process of political representation. Part III deals with immigrants and members of visible minorities, once elected to parliament and includes analyses of the Canadian Parliament, the German Bundestag, MPs in the United Kingdom and Members of the United States Congress. The book will of interest to students and scholars of migration and ethnicity studies and political science, especially those with an interest in political representation, democratic institutions, voting behaviour, party organisation, legislative behaviour and comparative politics.
The Political Research Experience: Readings and Analysis
by Marcus E. EthridgeOrganized to complement an introductory course in political science research methods, this work aims to help students understand research as it is actually practiced. Each chapter opens with an explanation of basic concepts and methods of political research.
The Political Resurgence of the Military in Southeast Asia: Conflict and Leadership (Routledge Contemporary Southeast Asia Series)
by Marcus MietznerIn the late 1990s, prominent scholars of civil-military relations detected a decline in the political significance of the armed forces across Southeast Asia. A decade later, however, this trend seems to have been reversed. The Thai military launched a coup in 2006, the Philippine armed forces expanded their political privileges under the Arroyo presidency, and the Burmese junta successfully engineered pseudo-democratic elections in 2010. This book discusses the political resurgence of the military in Southeast Asia throughout the 2000s. Written by distinguished experts on military affairs, the individual chapters explore developments in Burma, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, East Timor, Indonesia and Singapore. They not only assess, but also offer explanations for the level of military involvement in politics in each country. Consequently, the book also makes a significant contribution to the comparative debate about militaries in politics. Whilst conditions obviously differ from country to country, most authors in this book conclude that the shape of civil-military relations is not predetermined by historic, economic or cultural factors, but is often the result of intra-civilian conflicts and divisive or ineffective political leadership.
The Political Rhetoric and Oratory of Margaret Thatcher
by Peter Dorey Andrew S. Crines Timothy HeppellThis book examines the political oratory, rhetoric and persona of Margaret Thatcher as a means of understanding her justifications for 'Thatcherism'. The main arenas for consideration are set piece speeches to conference, media engagements, and Parliamentary orations. Thatcher's rhetorical style is analysed through the lens of the Aristotelian modes of persuasion (ethos, pathos, logos). Furthermore, the classical methods of oratorical engagement (deliberative, epidictic, judicial) are employed to consider her style of delivery. The authors place her styles of communication into their respective political contexts over a series of noteworthy issues, such as industrial relations, foreign policy, economic reform, and party management. By doing so, this distinctive book shines new light on Thatcher and her political career.
The Political Right and Equality: Turning Back the Tide of Egalitarian Modernity
by Matthew McManusMcManus presents an intellectual history of the conservative and reactionary tradition, stretching from Aristotle and Filmer to Alexander Dugin and Patrick Deneen. Providing a comprehensive critical genealogy of the intellectual political right, McManus traces its core to a nostalgia for the hierarchical cosmos of antiquarian and scholastic thinking. The yearning for a shared vision of the universe where each part of reality has its place maps onto the conservative admiration for orderly political and social stratification. It stamps even the more moderate forms of liberal conservatism which emerged in the aftermath of the revolutionary 18th century, as the political right struggled to accept and later master first the politics of liberal capitalism and later universal suffrage. In its most radical forms this nostalgia for an orderly and hierarchical existence can harden into a resentment at the perceived shallowness of liberal modernity. McManus argues for those who support the project of modernity to commit themselves to better understanding the depth of the political right’s critiques, many of which expose uncomfortable but solvable problems with the quest for equality and freedom. A critical guide to the history of conservative and reactionary thought for students and scholars of political science and political history. While there are a lot of competing explanations for the contemporary rise of right-wing forces, Matt McManus’ new book suggests that it is hostility to equality that actually unites the right. Zeroing in on key intellectuals and writers, McManus, in a sharply written text, offers a compelling explanation for the disproportionate intensity of right-wing grievance politics.
The Political Right in Israel: Different Faces of Jewish Populism (Routledge Studies on the Arab-Israeli Conflict)
by Dani FilcThis book takes a fresh look at the trajectories of Israeli politics since the election of Likud in 1977, examining how right wing parties have adopted populist policies in order to carve out an identity and win support at the polls. As such it demonstrates how populism has become a hugely significant factor in shaping Israeli politics and society. The original perspective taken by the author allows for an understanding of the central phenomena of the contemporary political system in Israel, such as the Likud's party centrality in Israeli politics, the political force of the religious Shas party and the growing influence of certain political leaders. Through this innovative analysis of the concept of populism, the book contributes to a better understanding of the Israeli political system. With Israel playing such a central role in the Middle East conflict, this analysis of the ways in which populism contributes to the consolidation of governing political forces in Israel will allow for a better understanding of this conflict. Combining the theoretical elaboration of the concept of populism with its application in the analysis of a specific test-case, this novel approach contributes to the ongoing research on populist politics, and as such will be a useful tool for understanding many issues in the study of populism, comparative politics and the Middle East.
The Political Road to War with Iraq: Bush, 9/11 and the Drive to Overthrow Saddam (Contemporary Security Studies)
by Paul Rogers Nick RitchieThis volume explores in close detail the events and factors leading up to the second Gulf War in 2003 and considers whether war with Iraq was inevitable. Nick Ritchie and Paul Rogers argue that after the election of George W. Bush, conflict between Iraq and the United States was probable, and that after 9/11 it became virtually inevitable. They begin by setting the story of Iraq, Bush and 9/11 within the broader context of the importance of the Persian Gulf to enduring US national security interests and go on to examine the intense politicking that surrounded the conflict and still reverberates today. The authors examine US policy towards Iraq at the end of the Clinton administration, the opposition in Congress and Washington’s conservative think tanks to Clinton’s strategy of containment, and the evolution of Iraq policy during the first eight months of the Bush presidency and the growing pressure for regime change. They also explore the immediate focus on Iraq after the attacks of September 11 that marked a watershed in US national security policy and chart the construction of the case against Iraq through 2002 and the administration’s determination to end Saddam Hussein’s regime at all costs. The Political Road to War with Iraq will be of great interest to all students and scholars of US foreign policy, war and peace studies and international relations.
The Political Role Of Religion In The United States
by Stephen D Johnson Joseph B TamneyThe political importance of Christian churches in the 1 980s is the focus of this wide-ranging book of readings. Contributors begin by placing the current involvement of religious groups in politics in historical perspective and then analyze the politics and ideologies of both the religious right and religious left. They al30 explore specific issues, including the separation of church and state, the impact of religious interest groups on public policy, religion and abortion, and feminist theological views.
The Political Role of Corporate Citizens: An Interdisciplinary Approach
by Ulrika Mörth Karin Svedberg HelgessonThis volume provides an interdisciplinary analysis on the political role of corporations in society by using the analytical device of corporate citizenship. It questions what ideas on corporate citizenship may say about the ongoing publicization of the corporation and the implications of these developments for the public domain and welfare state.
The Political Role of the European Commission in Regulating State Aid Policy: In Search of Legitimacy (Routledge/UACES Contemporary European Studies)
by Elena Escalante-BlockThis book delves into questions of whether the European Commission is effectively regulating large corporations in Europe, and the public perceptions of the legitimacy of its decisions, by examining state aid cases and when and how actors choose to politicise or depoliticise them.The book analyses how these corporations get away with certain anti-competitive behaviours and whether the European Commission is achieving something positive with its state aid cases in this regard. It also asks whether the role of the European Commission in regulating anti-competitive behaviour is perceived as legitimate by different political actors in the media. By uncovering how politicisation and depoliticisation can both positively and negatively shape the EU’s legitimacy, this book brings clarity to debates about the evolving role of the European Commission in an era of increased political contestation.This book is of key interest to scholars and students of European Union politics/policy, European politics, comparative politics, public policy, political communication, global business law and regulation, sociology, public policy and law, and International Political Economy.
The Political Scholarship of Giovanni Sartori: Beyond All Conventions (Global Political Thinkers)
by Michal Kubát Marek BankowiczThis book systematically analyzes Sartori&’s complete body of scholarship in English for the first time. It seeks to cover all of Sartori&’s main theories, many of which he developed in response to his dissatisfaction with the existing knowledge. The authors begin with the philosophical foundations of his work; then, they look at his conception of democracy. The authors will pause momentarily to discuss Sartori&’s general theory of dictatorship. Still, they return to democracy and its main actors, such as political parties and party systems, and to the forms of democracy, i.e., the various democratic regimes Sartori examined primarily in terms of their functionality. Finally, the book examines Sartori&’s methodology of political science and the social sciences and, in general, his view of political science and its purpose.
The Political Sciences: General Principles of Selection in Social Science and History (Routledge Library Editions: Political Science #46)
by Hugh StrettonSocial science is a social activity as well as a method of discovery. The researchers’ values and politics colour their work and so do their choices of scientific method. This book is about both – the technical effects of values and the political effects of technique. The author reports what social scientists and historians actually do. He sorts out the scientific from the political content in a wide range of old and new work in history, sociology, political science and economics. The overall work is a detailed political and technical criticism of the ‘scientistic’ programme which would have researchers select for such qualities as objectivity, uniformity, and generality, cumulation and professional unanimity.
The Political Spectrum: The Tumultuous Liberation of Wireless Technology, from Herbert Hoover to the Smartphone
by Thomas Winslow HazlettFrom the former chief economist of the FCC, a remarkable history of the U.S. government’s regulation of the airwaves Popular legend has it that before the Federal Radio Commission was established in 1927, the radio spectrum was in chaos, with broadcasting stations blasting powerful signals to drown out rivals. In this fascinating and entertaining history, Thomas Winslow Hazlett, a distinguished scholar in law and economics, debunks the idea that the U.S. government stepped in to impose necessary order. Instead, regulators blocked competition at the behest of incumbent interests and, for nearly a century, have suppressed innovation while quashing out-of-the-mainstream viewpoints. Hazlett details how spectrum officials produced a “vast wasteland” that they publicly criticized but privately protected. The story twists and turns, as farsighted visionaries—and the march of science—rise to challenge the old regime. Over decades, reforms to liberate the radio spectrum have generated explosive progress, ushering in the “smartphone revolution,” ubiquitous social media, and the amazing wireless world now emerging. Still, the author argues, the battle is not even half won.
The Political Structure of the Chinese Community in Cambodia: Volume 42 (London School Of Economics Monographs On Social Anthropology Ser.)
by W. E. WillmottThis field study of organized Chinese life in Cambodia, past and present, takes its place in the growing sociological literature on the overseas Chinese and, in a sense, transcends it. For it relates its conclusions on the evolution the structure of the Cambodian Chinese community to the evidence from other overseas Chinese communities, and moves on to a comparison between overseas Chinese social organization and the organization of cities in China. Cambodia, the overseas Chinese, and traditional China all stand illuminated.
The Political System of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Institutions – Actors – Processes
by Damir Banović Saša Gavrić Mariña Barreiro MariñoThis book is an introduction to the basics of Bosnian political structure, institutions, and political processes. Twenty-five years after the Dayton Peace Agreement ended the Bosnian war, the political process still maintains various levels and divisions among political entities. A transitional, post-conflict, divided, multicultural, state-building society, Bosnia and Herzegovina represents a complex and unique political system through which a myriad of topics can be studied. Applying multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary methodologies, the book presents a descriptive analysis and critical evaluation of the various aspects of the political system of Bosnia and Herzegovina.The chapters address various aspects of the political system, such as institutions and state building, the legal system and the post-war constitution, as well as an examination of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s place in the international community and their relationship with European Union and NATO. Providing a holistic view of the development, politics, and policy of this unique state, this book will be ideal for students studying the contemporary history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as students and researchers of political science, international relations, and development.
The Political System of Brazil
by Dana de la Fontaine Thomas StehnkenThis volume presents in-depth insights into the polity, politics and policies of the Brazilian political system. It reassesses the processes of change since the country's return to democracy in the 1980s, in the light of autocratic societal structures and suboptimal institutional design, on the one hand, and the political and economic achievements observed, on the other. In their contributions, top Brazilian and international scholars critically examine the development of the political system with a focus on the Lula and Rousseff administrations, and place their actions and failures in the socio-political and economic context so as to uncover the underlying institutional structures, constellations and diverging interests of actors on various decision-making levels and in different political fields. It is the central aim of this book to present a differentiated portrait of the current political landscape and remaining contradictions in Latin America's largest country.
The Political System of Germany
by Wolfgang Rudzio Tom MannewitzThe textbook introduces the self-understanding, institutional structure and practice of the political system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The work provides a problem-oriented overview of the basic constitutional and foreign policy decisions that have constituted German democracy; the political field of forces formed by interest groups, citizens' initiatives, parties and mass media; the political institutions at the federal, state and local levels; the social reach and administrative enforcement of political decisions; the political culture including the structure of the political ruling class. The new edition also addresses, among other things, the consequences of the Corona crisis for the political system, the changing party system and the crisis of the EU after the 2021 federal election.
The Political System of Germany (New Perspectives in German Political Studies)
by Florian Grotz Wolfgang SchroederThis book offers a systematic, theory-based, and empirically grounded introduction to the political system of Germany. Compared to other textbooks on government and politics in Germany, it has two particular benefits. First, it analyzes the individual dimensions of the German political system from a uniform theoretical perspective based on the well-known distinction between majoritarian and consensus democracy. Second, it particularly explains how political decision-making in the multi-level system takes place, including the local, state, federal as well as EU levels. This way, the book provides a comprehensive, detailed, and clear picture of how German democracy is organized and how it works.
The Political System of the European Union
by Simon Hix Bjørn HøylandSystematically revised and rewritten throughout and updated to cover the impact of the Lisbon Treaty, this highly-successful and ground-breaking text remains unique in analyzing the EU as a political system using the methods of comparative political science.