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The Poisoning of the American Mind
by Lawrence Eppard;Jacob Mackey;Lee JussimWhat would you have to believe in order to dress up as a shaman, paint your face, and storm the U.S. Capitol? What could possibly lead somebody to claim that it upholds white supremacy to encourage hard work, self-reliance, rational thinking, punctuality, and politeness? Such behaviors would have been unimaginable only a few years ago. And yet here we are, witnessing millions of people across the political spectrum displaying these clear indications of an epistemically poisoned mind. Both red America and blue America are retreating into their own information bubbles, seceding from a common reality. Both consume far too much misinformation and disinformation, developing worldviews that can sometimes be unintelligible to others. This book explores these disturbing developments and what they mean for our society and implores us all to recover a shared sense of what is true.
The Polarisation of US Society and its Representation in the Media: A Linguistic Analysis of Selected Editorials on the 2020 Presidential Election Campaign (BestMasters)
by Christopher BerningThis book is concerned with the polarisation of US society as represented in 27 editorial articles on the presidential election campaign 2020, taken from three different newspapers. The aim of the study is to develop an integrated framework for the linguistic analysis of societal polarisation, which combines findings from the political sciences and sociology with critical linguistic concepts from political discourse analysis and newspaper discourse analysis. The main finding is that all three newspapers, irrespective of their political orientation, make use of polarising discourse around the presidential election 2020 and thus partially contribute to a split US society. The explicit presentation of the media company’s stance as well as the distinct rejection and the explicit portrayal of aversion towards opposing positions can be detected as main factors in creating a polarising environment. Equally interesting appeared the prevalence of the topos Threat/ Crisis/ Defeat in all three newspapers, indicating a focus on negativity. De-polarising elements are only rarely found and do not seem to be contributing to the easing of tensions in society.
The Polarizers: Postwar Architects of Our Partisan Era
by Sam RosenfeldEven in this most partisan and dysfunctional of eras, we can all agree on one thing: Washington is broken. Politicians take increasingly inflexible and extreme positions, leading to gridlock, partisan warfare, and the sense that our seats of government are nothing but cesspools of hypocrisy, childishness, and waste. The shocking reality, though, is that modern polarization was a deliberate project carried out by Democratic and Republican activists. In The Polarizers, Sam Rosenfeld details why bipartisanship was seen as a problem in the postwar period and how polarization was then cast as the solution. Republicans and Democrats feared that they were becoming too similar, and that a mushy consensus imperiled their agendas and even American democracy itself. Thus began a deliberate move to match ideology with party label—with the toxic results we now endure. Rosenfeld reveals the specific politicians, intellectuals, and operatives who worked together to heighten partisan discord, showing that our system today is not (solely) a product of gradual structural shifts but of deliberate actions motivated by specific agendas. Rosenfeld reveals that the story of Washington’s transformation is both significantly institutional and driven by grassroots influences on both the left and the right. The Polarizers brilliantly challenges and overturns our conventional narrative about partisanship, but perhaps most importantly, it points us toward a new consensus: if we deliberately created today’s dysfunctional environment, we can deliberately change it.
The Police Identity Crisis: Hero, Warrior, Guardian, Algorithm (Innovations in Policing)
by Luke William HuntThis book provides a comprehensive examination of the police role from within a broader philosophical context. Contending that the police are in the midst of an identity crisis that exacerbates unjustified law enforcement tactics, Luke William Hunt examines various major conceptions of the police—those seeing them as heroes, warriors, and guardians. The book looks at the police role considering the overarching societal goal of justice and seeks to present a synthetic theory that draws upon history, law, society, psychology, and philosophy. Each major conception of the police role is examined in light of how it affects the pursuit of justice, and how it may be contrary to seeking justice holistically and collectively. The book sets forth a conception of the police role that is consistent with the basic values of a constitutional democracy in the liberal tradition. Hunt’s intent is that clarifying the police role will likewise elucidate any constraints upon policing strategies, including algorithmic strategies such as predictive policing. This book is essential reading for thoughtful policing and legal scholars as well as those interested in political philosophy, political theory, psychology, and related areas. Now more than ever, the nature of the police role is a philosophical topic that is relevant not just to police officials and social scientists, but to everyone.
The Police In America: An Introduction
by Samuel Walker Charles M. KatzThe Police in America provides a comprehensive introduction to the foundations of policing in the United States today. Descriptive and analytical, this text is designed to offer students a balanced and up-to-date overview of who the police are and what they do, the problems they face, and the many reforms and innovations that have taken place in policing.
The Police Manager
by Scott R. Lynch Ronald G. Lynch Egan K. GreenThe Police Manager provides a roadmap for the challenges that police administrators face in their day-to-day duties, including considerations for dealing with subordinate officers and for interacting with the public. Covering a wide range of topics, from fiscal management to use-of-force policies, this text prepares readers for the tasks that police managers are confronted with. Readers benefit by gaining a thorough understanding of the complexities involved in an occupation that creates demands from the public, from public officials, and from other police officers. The book delivers information on these issues, with chapters dedicated to leadership styles and planning for leadership loss, as well civil liability considerations. New material in this edition covers specific challenges for small and underexamined police agencies such as university police departments. The Police Manager is an ideal textbook for college students hoping to work in police administration in the future, and is useful for current police managers who know that their jobs require a constant influx of ideas for overcoming new challenges.
The Police Manager (100 Cases)
by Scott R. Lynch Ronald G. Lynch Egan K. GreenThe Police Manager gives practical, field-tested guidance to students and professionals who aspire to leadership roles in law enforcement, providing a comprehensive explanation of issues and challenges that they will face as police supervisors. The book is divided into four parts, covering historical and philosophical underpinnings, behavioral aspects of police management, functional aspects of police management, and major issues in modern police work.
The Police Manager: 8th Edition
by Scott R. Lynch Ronald G. Lynch Egan K. GreenThe Police Manager, 8th Edition, is a major update, with a completely fresh chapter on school resource officers, based on a new case study, and a new chapter on managing high-profile events. Every police agency today faces the possibility of controversy, and the need to train managers to deal appropriately with the media and the public continues to increase. Green, building on the foundation laid by Ronald Lynch in prior editions, gives practical, field-tested guidance to students and professionals who aspire to leadership roles in law enforcement, providing a comprehensive explanation of issues and challenges that they will face as police supervisors. The book is divided into four parts, covering historical and philosophical underpinnings, behavioral aspects of police management, functional aspects of police management, and major issues in modern police work. This eighth edition is ideal for police management courses in U.S. undergraduate criminal justice programs, as well as for law enforcement practitioners preparing for promotional examinations. The text is also appropriate for broader criminal justice management courses.
The Police Power: Patriarchy and the Foundations of American Government
by Markus Dirk DubberMention the phrase Homeland Security and heated debates emerge about state uses and abuses of legal authority. This timely book is a comprehensive treatise on the constitutional and legal history behind the power of the modern state to police its citizens.Dubber explores the roots of the power to police—the most expansive and least limitable of governmental powers—by focusing on its most obvious and problematic manifestation: criminal law. He argues that the defining characteristics of this power, including the inability to accurately define it, reflect its origins in the discretionary and virtually limitless patriarchal power of the householder over his household. The paradox of patriarchal police power as the most troubling yet least scrutinized of governmental powers can begin to be resolved by subjecting this branch of government to the critical analysis it merits. Dubber shows us that the question must become how can the police power and criminal law together serve the goals of social equity that define and give direction to contemporary democratic societies? This book goes to the heart of this neglected but crucial topic.
The Police and International Human Rights Law
by Ralf Alleweldt Guido FickenscherThis book provides an updated overview of current international human rights law relating to the police. Around the globe, the police have a special responsibility for the protection of human rights. Police work is governed by national rules and in addition, in today’s world, by the evolving international human rights standards. As a result of the ever-developing case law of international courts and other bodies, the requirements of human rights law on policing have become more and more detailed and complex in recent years. Bringing together a variety of distinguished authors from academia, police forces and other government authorities, the human rights movement, and international organizations, the book discusses topical issues, including the use of deadly force, the prevention of torture, effective investigations, the protection of personal data, and positive obligations of the police.
The Police and the State: Security, Social Cooperation, and the Public Good
by Brandon del PozoAs we wrestle with the role and limits of policing, a political philosopher who spent over two decades as a New York City police officer and Vermont chief of police presents a normative account of what it means to police a pluralist democracy. Invoking his vast experience, Brandon del Pozo argues that we all have the prerogative to use force to protect others, but police embody the government's unique duty to do so effectively and with restraint. He recasts order maintenance as brokering and enforcing the fair terms of social cooperation in our public spaces, for the protection of minority interests, and for a society where diverse conceptions of the good can flourish. The reasons why we police, he says, must be ones that all citizens can evaluate as equals. His book explains the democratic commitments of policing, and lays the groundwork for meaningful police innovation and reform.
The Police in America: An Introduction
by Samuel Walker Charles M. KatzWith the 10th edition of The Police in America, the authors use timely articles and excerpts, that will take the readers beyond the headlines and statistics to present a comprehensive and contemporary overview of what it means to be a police officer. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the foundations of policing in the United States today. Descriptive and analytical, the text is designed to offer undergraduate students a balanced and up-to-date overview of who the police are and what they do, the problems they face, and the many reforms and innovations that have taken place in policing. The title is designed primarily for undergraduates enrolled in their first police or law enforcement course-such as an introduction to policing, police and society, or law enforcement systems.
The Policy Analyst's Handbook: Rational Problem Solving in a Political World
by Lewis G. IrwinThis rigorous but very accessible guide to the main concepts and techniques of policy analysis is intended for students and in-service professionals who want to become more efficient and effective in their work. The book equips readers with a structured and disciplined step-by-step approach to decision making, defining issues and applying the powerful techniques of policy analysis - always in the context of uncertainty and limited discretion. Each chapter concludes with notes and a list of supplementary sources for further reading.
The Policy Design Primer: Choosing the Right Tools for the Job (Routledge Textbooks in Policy Studies)
by Michael HowlettThe Policy Design Primer is a concise and practical introduction to the principles and elements of policy design in contemporary governance. Guiding students through the study of the instruments used by governments in carrying out their tasks, adapting to, and altering their environments, this book: Examines the range of substantive and procedural policy instruments that together comprise the toolbox from which governments select specific tools expected to resolve policy problems, Considers the principles behind the selection and use of specific types of instruments in contemporary government, Addresses the issues of instrument mixes and their (re)design in a discussion of the future research agenda of policy design and Discusses several current trends in instrument use often linked to factors such as globalization and the increasingly networked nature of modern society. This readily digestible and informative book provides a comprehensive overview of this essential component of modern governance, featuring helpful definitions of key concepts and further reading. This book is essential reading for all students of public policy, administration and management as well as more broadly for relevant courses in health, social welfare, environment, development and local government, in addition to those managers and practitioners involved in Executive Education and policy design work on the ground.
The Policy Participation of Business Associations in China
by Yongdong ShenAfter more than 40 years of market reform and transformation, Chinese business associations have come to play an important role in China’s economic and social system. This book explores the role that these organizations play, and what that means for the relationship between the state and society in contemporary China. How exactly should Chinese business associations conduct policy engagement? What factors influence the policy engagement behaviors of Chinese business associations? In this book, Professor Shen sheds lights on the inner working of China’s economy and society as it seeks to move up global value chains.
The Policy Partnership: Presidential Elections and American Democracy
by Bruce BuchananFirst published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
The Policy Process in International Environmental Governance
by Sheila Aggarwal-KhanThis book questions the practices in the policy processes of international institutions. It looks at the formal and informal practices that are routinely undertaken as part of the structure of international policy processes, and analyses how people behave and with what outcome for international environmental governance.
The Policy Process in a Petro-State: An Analysis of PDVSA's (Petróleos de Venezuela SA's) Internationalisation Strategy (Routledge Revivals)
by César E. BaenaFirst published in 1999, this volume focuses on the impact of democratic bargaining on the process of oil policy-making in Venezuela, stressing the constraints posed by politics on PVDSA’s efforts to expand its foreign operations. Venezuela offers a unique case and fertile ground for the study of oil policy-making processes. In the specialised literature, very little attention has been paid to the nature and operations of multinationals from developing countries. By analysing Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PVDSA)’s international policy, this unique book explores the difficulties encountered by a major state oil enterprise in its efforts to grow beyond national borders.
The Policy State: An American Predicament
by Karen OrrenPolicy is government’s response to changing times, the key to its successful adaptation. It tackles problems as they arise, from foreign relations and economic affairs to race relations and family affairs. Karen Orren and Stephen Skowronek take a close look at this well-known reality of modern governance: the expanded domain of the “policy state.”
The Policy and Politics of Food Stamps and SNAP
by Matthew GritterFood Stamps, now known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), has endured and expanded in recent years. As the largest federal program dealing with food insecurity, it touches the lives of forty million Americans. How is that possible in the age of conservative ascendancy, resistance to federal intervention, and an increasingly threadbare safety net? Food Stamps and SNAP has endured through being included in the Farm Bill, from being characterized as a program for the deserving poor and as a safety net of last resort. At various times these proposal have been promoted by former President George W. Bush and other Republicans. While the program remains intact, it remains vulnerable to challenges institutionally and ideologically. This book seeks to explore and the resilience of Food Stamps/SNAP since the Personal Responsibility Act of 1996. Gritter provides a unique look at a program that ballooned in participation during the 2000s, even prior to the economicrecession that began in December 2007.
The Policy-Making Process and Social Learning in Russia: The Case of Housing Policy (St Antony's Series)
by Marina KhmelnitskayaCentering its study around three explanatory variables - actors, institutions and ideas - this book argues that Russia's hybrid institutional environment reduces the competition of policy ideas, both at the stage of policy elaboration by the community of state and non-state policy experts, and also at the stage of policy adoption by parliament.
The Policy-Making Process and Social Learning in Russia: The Case of Housing Policy (St Antony's)
by Marina KhmelnitskayaCentering its study around three explanatory variables - actors, institutions and ideas - this book argues that Russia's hybrid institutional environment reduces the competition of policy ideas, both at the stage of policy elaboration by the community of state and non-state policy experts, and also at the stage of policy adoption by parliament.
The Policy-based Profession: An Introduction to Social Welfare Policy Analysis for Social Workers
by Leslie Leighninger Philip PoppleHelp students connect social policy to the everyday practice of social work<P><P> The Policy-Based Profession provides students with a process for analyzing policies that will help them with their careers in social work. It offers a detailed foundation for policy analysis, including chapters on historical, economic, and social policy analysis. Students then learn to apply the analysis framework to representative policies and issues in the fields of public welfare, aging, mental health, substance abuse, health, child welfare, and immigration. <P><P> Correlated with the most recent Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) Competencies, the 7th Edition includes the most recent research, theories, and political developments impacting the field. An entirely new chapter on immigration policy highlights this critical social justice issue, the health chapter delves into recent happenings in health care reform, and the mental health chapter includes material on the opioid epidemic and returning veterans. <P><P> Also available with the Enhanced Pearson eText The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content with check your understanding quizzes and end-of-chapter reviews.
The Polish Crisis and Relations with Eastern Europe, 1979-1982: Documents on British Policy Overseas, Series III, Volume X (Whitehall Histories)
by Isabelle Tombs and Richard SmithThis volume presents a collection of diplomatic documents describing Britain’s relations with Eastern Europe from 1979 to 1982, with special focus on the crisis in Poland. After coming to power in 1979, the Conservative Government of Margaret Thatcher reaffirmed a policy of ‘differentiation’ between the Soviet Union and the rest of Eastern Europe, and between individual countries; concurrently it encouraged states to exercise a limited amount of independence. This policy was soon put to the test when in 1980 Solidarność, the Solidarity trade union led by Lech Wałęsa, challenged the power of the Party state in Poland. Political demands, social unrest and economic crisis culminated in the imposition of martial law in December 1981, finally suspended in December 1982. The volume maps the UK response, in consultation with Western partners, to the unfolding crisis in Poland, the threat of Soviet intervention and the impact on other Communist states in Europe. The volume also provides a flavour of bilateral UK relations with Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia; highlighting themes such as human rights and trade. This volume will be of great interest to students of British Politics, Eastern European Politics, Cold War History, Diplomacy Studies and International Relations in general.
The Polish Delegation in the European Parliament: Stability and Cohesion (Central and Eastern European Perspectives on International Relations)
by Krzysztof ZubaBased on the example of the Polish delegation to the European Parliament, the book examines the factors influencing the cohesion and stability of EP national delegations. It takes into account the impact of institutional arrangements such as the electoral law and the candidate selection process, the ideological and programmatic profiles of political parties, the career paths of MEPs, affiliation to political groups in the EP, group switching, as well as the significance of Euroscepticism and national divisions transferred to the European level. It is not a typical case study, as the regularities discovered through the in-depth analysis of the Polish national delegation are compared with those characteristic of other national delegations in the EP. The book fills a gap in studies devoted to the EP, in which the importance of national delegations has not so far been the subject of thorough analyses.