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Tunisia as a Revolutionized Space of Migration (Mobility & Politics)
by Glenda Garelli Martina TazzioliThis book explores the transformation of the Tunisian space of mobility after the Arab Uprisings, looking at the country’s emerging profile as a migratory “destination” and focusing on refugees from Syria, Libya, and Sub-Saharan countries; Tunisian migrants in Europe who return home; and young undocumented European migrants living in Tunis. This work engages with and contributes to the broader conversation on the migrations-crisis nexus, by retracing the geographies of mobility which are reshaping the Mediterranean region.
Tunisian Civil Society: Political Culture and Democratic Function Since 2011 (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government)
by Alexander P. MartinInvestigating the political transition after the 2011 Tunisian revolution, this book explores whether civil society is fulfilling its democratic functions. Examining the existence of a civil political culture, that is identified through the presence of the six criteria of Freedom, Equality, Pluralism, Tolerance, Trust, and Transparency. The innovation of the volume lies in its critiques of the “transitology” literature, its illustration of the drawbacks of culturalist and Orientalist narratives of Arab politics, and the complexity it notes with respect to civil society and its varied roles, especially that civil society is not always an unconditionally “good” or democratic force. Using a combination of survey, interview, and observation research approaches, these chapters engage with the development of democratic political culture and democratic knowledge in civil society organisations (CSOs) by understanding how CSOs interact with the state, other CSOs, and their members. Presenting both critical theoretical arguments and extensive empirical evidence to demonstrate why Tunisia is such an important case, this book will be of interest to students and researchers interested in political culture, civil society, and Middle East and North African studies.
Tunisian Politics in France: Long-Distance Activism since the 1980s (Cambridge Middle East Studies)
by Mathilde ZedermanWhat does it mean to oppose or support an authoritarian regime from afar? During the years of Ben Ali's dictatorship in Tunisia between 1987 and 2011, diaspora activism played a key role in the developments of post-independence Tunisian politics. Centring this study on long-distance activism in France, where the majority of leftist and Islamist exile groups took refuge, Mathilde Zederman explores how this activism helps to shed new light on Tunisia's political history. Tunisian Politics in France closely explores the interactions and conflicts between different constellations of pro-regime and oppositional actors in France, examining the dynamics of what the author persuasively describes as a 'trans-state space of mobilisation'. In doing so, Zederman draws attention to the constraints and possibilities of long-distance activism. Utilising material gathered from extensive fieldwork in France and Tunisia, this study considers how the evolution of diaspora activism both challenges and reinforces the boundaries of Tunisian politics.
The Tunisian Revolution and Democratic Transition: The Role of al-Nahḍah (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government)
by Mohammad Dawood SofiDrawing on the history of post-independence Tunisia, the book studies the evolution of al-Nahḍah as a political party in Tunisia and its role in a protracted struggle to shape the post-authoritarian order along democratic lines. It explores al-Nahḍah's relationship with the Tunisian state, society and beyond that resulted in shaping its fluctuating expressions of ideology and practices. State repression, political participation, or internal differentiation (among other factors) place an Islamic movement (in this case al-Nahḍah) in such a situation that demands a perpetual self re-evaluation as well as implementation of ideology, objectives, and political programmes. The study explains how the socio-political setting in Tunisia demanded various ideologically opposite currents (Islamic, liberal, or leftist) to endure cross-ideological cooperation either to contest authoritarian regimes or to engage in the political process. It more importantly analyzes the trajectory of a gradual democratization process in the country and provides evidence explaining the impact and importance of a vibrant civil society, building alliances, and sharing of power. The book provides comparative analytical attention to the primary sources on these issues to create a critical historiography. It thus adds to the body of literature on the state, society, and politics in the MENA region and particularly targets students, scholars, and social scientists interested in understanding the nature of power and politics in Tunisia and beyond.
Tunisia's International Relations since the 'Arab Spring': Transition Inside and Out (Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Democratization and Government)
by Tasnim Abderrahim Laura-Theresa Krüger Salma Besbes Katharina McLarrenWhen popular protests started in Tunisia in late 2010, few anticipated the implications these events would have for the entire Arab region. In the following years, this region witnessed deep changes, increased divisions, and even failing states. Meanwhile, Tunisia managed to assert itself as a new democracy. How did this small country manage its democratic transition within such a short period? And what implications has this had for its foreign policy and its role in international politics? This book assesses Tunisia’s transition ‘inside and out’ from four angles: Tunisian polity and politics which provide the framework for its foreign policy since the ‘Arab Spring’; bilateral relations before and after the ‘Arab Spring’; Tunisia’s activism in international organisations as well as their presence in Tunisia; and transnational issues in Tunisia. Drawing on a broad range of primary sources, including authors’ own interview material conducted with politicians and representatives of civil society and international NGOs involved in the transition process, the book shows that since 2011 Tunisia has not only developed fundamentally at the domestic level, but also at the level of external relations. New and old alliances, a broadening of relations, and new activism of civil society and of Tunisia in international organisations certify that Tunisia has the potential to play an increasingly important role regionally as well as internationally. Providing an encompassing picture of Tunisia’s changed role and successful transition from an autocracy to a democracy, the book allows students and scholars in the field to understand the ‘last country standing’ better, a country that both the scientific community and the political scene should not underestimate for the promises it holds.
The Tunnel at the End of the Light: Essays On Movies And Politics
by Jim Shepard"Shepard may be the best lesser-known film critic." —The New York Times Book Review The first book of nonfiction from one of our great fiction writers. Given that most Americans proudly consider themselves non-political, where do our notions of collective responsibility come from? Which self-deceptions, when considering ourselves as actors on the world stage, do we cling to most tenaciously? Why do we so stubbornly believe, for example, that our country always means well when intervening abroad? The Tunnel at the End of the Light argues that some of our most persistent and destructive assumptions, in that regard, might come from the movies. In these ten essays Jim Shepard weaves close readings of film with cultural criticism to explore the ways in which movies work so ubiquitously to reflect how Americans think and act. Whether assessing the “high-spirited glee of American ruthlessness” captured in GoodFellas, or finding in Lawrence of Arabia a “portrait of the lunatic serenity of our leaders’ conviction in the face of all evidence and their own lack of knowledge,” he explores how we enter into conversations with specific genres and films—Chinatown, The Third Man, and Badlands among others—in order to construct and refine our most cherished illusions about ourselves.
The Tunnels: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill
by Greg MitchellA thrilling Cold War narrative of superpower showdowns, media suppression, and two escape tunnels beneath the Berlin Wall In the summer of 1962, the year after the rise of the Berlin Wall, a group of young West Germans risked prison, Stasi torture, and even death to liberate friends, lovers, and strangers in East Berlin by digging tunnels under the Wall. Then two U.S. television networks heard about the secret projects and raced to be first to document them from the inside. NBC and CBS funded two separate tunnels in return for the right to film the escapes, planning spectacular prime-time specials. President John F. Kennedy, however, was wary of anything that might spark a confrontation with the Soviets, having said, "A wall is better than a war," and even confessing to Secretary of State Dean Rusk, "We don't care about East Berlin." JFK approved unprecedented maneuvers to quash both documentaries, testing the limits of a free press in an era of escalating nuclear tensions.As Greg Mitchell's riveting narrative unfolds, we meet extraordinary characters: the legendary cyclist who became East Germany's top target for arrest; the Stasi informer who betrays the "CBS tunnel"; the American student who aided the escapes; an engineer who would later help build the tunnel under the English channel; the young East Berliner who fled with her baby, then married one of the tunnelers. Capturing the chilling reach of the Stasi secret police, U.S. networks prepared to "pay for play" yet willing to cave to official pressure, a White House eager to suppress historic coverage, and the subversive power of ordinary people in dire circumstances, The Tunnels is breaking history, a propulsive read whose themes still reverberate.From the Hardcover edition.
Tupolev TU-22: Supersonic Bomber—Attack—Maritime Patrol & Electronic Countermeasures Aircraft
by Sergey BurdinThis historic Russian aircraft was first delivered to the Soviet Air Force at the height of the Cold War in 1961. It remained in service until replaced by the much modified Tu-22M Backfire which was introduced in the early 1970s and still remains in service. It was the first Soviet supersonic bomber and was used for reconnaissance and bombing, in the latter role carrying either conventional or nuclear bombs. The early aircraft had a range of 1,800 miles but later models had a much increased radius of action through the introduction of in-flight refuelling. This book looks at the design and development of the aircraft up to the introduction of the type M Backfire. Details of construction, weapon systems, photo-reconnaissance and jamming equipment are included to cover the several variant models. Operational use is explained and the text includes many first-hand accounts from Russian aircrew of the period. The book will be superbly illustrated by unique official photographs and manuals.
Turbulence: Boeing and the State of American Workers and Managers
by Edward S. GreenbergThis timely book investigates the experiences of employees at all levels of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA) during a ten-year period of dramatic organizational change. As Boeing transformed itself, workers and managers contended with repeated downsizing, shifting corporate culture, new roles for women, outsourcing, mergers, lean production, and rampant technological change. Drawing on a unique blend of quantitative and qualitative research, the authors consider how management strategies affected the well-being of Boeing employees, as well as their attitudes toward their jobs and their company. Boeing employees' experience holds vital lessons for other employees, the leaders of other firms determined to thrive in today's era of inescapable and growing global competition, as well as public officials concerned about the well-being of American workers and companies.
Turbulence
by John J. NanceA planeload of enraged passengers declares mutiny when their captain makes an emergency landing in the middle of a war zone in this action-packed thriller from New York Times–bestselling author John J. Nance In a desperate attempt to cut costs, Meridian Airlines has given up on any pretense of customer service. The passengers on Meridian Flight Six from Boston to Cape Town are fed up with hours-long delays, uncomfortable cabin conditions, and rude airline personnel. But Brian Logan is more than a disgruntled passenger: He believes Meridian killed his wife and he&’s about to take revenge by lighting the fuse of disaster. When Capt. Phil Knight makes a forced landing in a hotbed of insurgents in Nigeria, he&’s facing more than a rebel firefight. Violence erupts inside the cabin as Logan leads the passengers in a revolt. But with the loss of radio contact, the civilians don&’t realize that NATO and the CIA believe their plane has been hijacked by terrorists and must be taken down.
Turbulence in the Eastern Mediterranean: Geopolitical, Security and Energy Dynamics
The IISS Strategic Dossier Turbulence in the Eastern Mediterranean: Geopolitical, Security and Energy Dynamics surveys the geopolitical landscape, defence dynamics and energy prospects of the region that spans Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Libya, Syria and Turkiye. It assesses the security outlook for the region, considering potential flashpoints for intra- and inter-state conflict and evaluating whether newly developed defence ties could evolve into formal alliances. Energy discoveries made in the region in recent years have spurred states’ ambitions to become energy hubs. The dossier evaluates whether such aspirations could lay the foundations for deeper regional cooperation or, conversely, increase the risk of confrontation.The dossier includes both thematic and country-specific chapters. In addition to the countries in the area of study, it explores the involvement of seven external powers – China, the European Union, France, the Gulf Cooperation Council states, NATO, Russia and the United States – and assesses where the opportunities and risks for these actors lie.This volume will be essential for policymakers and business leaders seeking a better understanding of the factors shaping the geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean region.
Turbulent Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis of the US Politics of Confinement and the Rise of the Taliban
by Pamir Halimzai SahillThis book explores the what, the why, and the how of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan almost 20 years after their removal from power. It examines how the U.S. discourses on War on Terror and state-building in Afghanistan have taken shape, became dominant over the past two decades, and to delineate their consequences. Also, it highlights how both discourses are representative of wider depoliticization of the society and eventually paved the way for the illiberal, oppressive politics of confinement and necropolitics. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, U.S. foreign policy, peace and conflict studies, area studies, especially West Asian and South Asian studies.
Turbulent Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis of the US Politics of Confinement and the Rise of the Taliban
by Pamir Halimzai SahillThis book explores the what, the why, and the how of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan almost 20 years after their removal from power. It examines how the U.S. discourses on War on Terror and state-building in Afghanistan have taken shape, became dominant over the past two decades, and to delineate their consequences. Also, it highlights how both discourses are representative of wider depoliticization of the society and eventually paved the way for the illiberal, oppressive politics of confinement and necropolitics.The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, U.S. foreign policy, peace and conflict studies, area studies, especially West Asian and South Asian studies.
A Turbulent South Africa: Post-apartheid Social Protest
by Jérôme TournadreFrequently praised for its democratic transition, South Africa has experienced an almost uninterrupted cycle of social protest since the late 1990s. There have been increasing numbers of demonstrations against the often appalling living conditions of millions of South Africans, pointing to the fact that they have yet to achieve full citizenship. A Turbulent South Africa offers a new look at this historic period in the existence of the young South African democracy, far removed from the idealistic portrait of the "Rainbow Nation." Jérôme Tournadre draws on interviews and observations to take the reader from the backstreets of the squatters' camps to international militant circles, and from the immediate, infra-political level to the worldwide anti-capitalist protest movement. He investigates the mechanisms and the meaning of social discontent in light of several different phenomena. These include, the struggle of the poor to gain recognition, the persistent memory of the fight against apartheid, the developments in the political world since the "Mandela Years," the coexistence of liberal democracy with a "popular politics" found in poor and working-class districts, and many other factors that have played a crucial part in the social and political tensions at the heart of post-apartheid South Africa.
Turbulent Times, Transformational Possibilities?: Gender and Politics Today and Tomorrow
In Canada, and elsewhere, recent political, economic, and social shifts have brought gender to the forefront of politics as never before, from gender-based analyses and "feminist budgets" to the #MeTtoo, Idle No More, and Black Lives Matter movements. Detailing these gendered and turbulent political times, this book features diverse contributors’ state-of-the art scholarship from diverse contributors that encompassesing both contemporary challenges as well as avenues for change now and into the future. This collection represents provides a more complex treatment of both gender and politics, in which : gender is examined in light of other collective identities and their intersections; and politics refers to includes both the institutional political, ands well as movement and countermovement politics.
El turco: Diez siglos a las puertas de Europa
by Francisco VeigaTodas las claves para comprender un país contradictorio y fascinante que puede ser la clave de un futuro entendimiento entre dos mundos aparentemente opuestos. Frontera natural entre Oriente y Occidente, puerta que comunica dos formas de entender el mundo, Turquía es un país tan apasionante como desconocido. Su historia, desarrollo social y costumbres, así como su privilegiada situación geopolítica, han hecho de esta nación una pieza crucial en el mapa de las modernas relaciones internacionales. Desde el origen de los primeros pueblos turcos hasta la actual república laica, repleta de sugerencias culturales, pasando por su antigua condición de baluarte del islam árabe o la prodigiosa odisea del Imperio otomano, El turco, ambicioso y documentado recorrido del profesor Veiga, ofrece la posibilidad de conocer en profundidad un territorio que ha adquirido, con el paso del tiempo, conciencia de su propia identidad. Una evolución que le ha llevado a ocupar un destacado lugar en el concierto de las naciones. Basado tanto en la más reciente bibliografía como en contactos personales del autor con destacados especialistas turcos, esta obra repasa más de diez siglos de historia y vida, al tiempo que explica cómo este estado afronta el siglo XXI con el desafío milenario de propiciar el reencuentro de Europa y Asia. El resultado final -tras años de viajes e investigación- es una obra clave para conocer el pasado, presente y futuro de Turquía. Un país que es necesario descubrir.
Turf War: The Clinton Administration and Northern Ireland
by Timothy J. LynchFirst published in 2004, this provocative and remarkable book is the first significant study of how the Clinton administration revolutionized US policy toward Northern Ireland in the 1990s. Based on interviews with the major actors in the episode, Timothy Lynch examines in detail how the internal American turf war fought over Northern Ireland shaped the quality and character of US engagement. Turf War will be essential reading for all those seeking to understand American policy toward Northern Ireland; the institutional dynamics of US foreign policy after the cold war; the perils of locking terrorists into a democratic process; and US interventions more broadly.
Turin's Olympic Legacy: The 2006 Winter Games and the Piedmont Region (Mega Event Planning)
by Valerio Della Sala Egidio DanseroThis book examines the lasting impact of the 2006 Winter Olympics on the city of Turin and the Piedmont region. From urban renewal and pedestrianization to regional transport networks, tourism, and citizen participation, the book highlights the key elements that constitute the enduring Olympic legacy of the Turin Winter Games. It showcases how the city created a new image of itself internationally, transforming Turin from a car-centric industrial hub to a sustainable and vibrant metropolis. Turin was the first Olympic city to pioneer efforts in implementing environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable planning. Bringing together scholars from OMERO, the interdepartmental research center on “Urban and Event Studies” of the University of Turin and from other research centers that have extensively studied the Turin 2006 event, this book offers valuable insights into the long-term impact of hosting the Olympics and the innovative practices that constitute a significant legacy of the Turin Winter Games.
Turkey: Terrorism, Civil Rights, and the European Union
by Yonah Alexander Edgar H. Brenner Serhat Tutuncuoglu KrauseHow do democratic societies maintain the balance between civil rights and security while continuing the fight on global terrorism? This work raises this issue and presents one country, Turkey, and its struggle to implement laws to combat terrorism and comply with the European Union’s civil rights standards. A collection of materials that reflects the legal responses in combating terrorism is an essential volume in any academic and professional collection as it provides a case-specific reference point in the fields of EU politics, law, and international relations. Turkey contains translations, contextual notes, and explanations from the editors of over 112 Turkish and EU documents ranging from martial law, PKK terror, Turkey-EU relations, human rights, and Turkish reforms. This resource book enables the reader to gauge Turkey’s prospects for success in establishing an effective government that at the same time protects the rights of the individual. This book will prove a valuable source for students and researchers of international politics, international relations and security studies.
Turkey: Challenges of Continuity and Change (The Contemporary Middle East)
by Meliha Altunisik Özlem TürThe authors put issues relevant to Turkey today – such as consolidating democracy, dealing with economic development issues, improving its human rights record and its foreign policy – in an historical context, allowing comparisons with other late developers in the world and reflecting the complexity of Turkish political and socio-economic developments. Turkey also argues that the modernization process that started in the nineteenth century, with all its elements including secularization and Westernization, has taken root.
Turkey: The Second Republic (The Contemporary Middle East)
by Birol Başkan Burak Bilgehan ÖzpekFocused on the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) over the last two decades, this book discusses and contextualizes key events and developments in Turkish politics, economics and foreign policy.The authors begin by exploring the longer-term historical trends that shaped the country, focusing on Ottoman and Republican legacies, culminating in the formation of the modern state in Turkey. This context, it is argued, is key in understanding the AKP’s emergence since 2002 as the preeminent political power. The book further argues that the AKP achieved this position due to political maneuvers aimed at undermining military influence within politics, its management of the economy and its approach to foreign policy. These three domains are dealt with in successive chapters to help explicate how the AKP built broad societal coalitions and consolidated its power. The book concludes by analyzing contemporary developments: in the face of mounting economic and political challenges, the fate of the AKP, and of Turkey, remain uncertain.Written in an accessible style and grounded in data-driven analysis, the book will appeal to journalists, policymakers, researchers and general audiences interested in the contemporary Middle East, Turkish political economy and international relations.
Turkey: Coping with Crisis (Routledge Revivals)
by George S. HarrisFirst published in 1985, Turkey: Coping with Crisis is a comprehensive survey of the Turkish experience tracing the Turks through the ages to provide the background essential to understanding contemporary Turkey. Noting the problems that possession of an empire left for its modern successor state and evaluating the role of the military in Turkish politics, Dr Harris provides insight into the political challenges facing the country and finds that the success of policies for economic development is the key to overall political success of modern Turkey. He analyses the constitutional structure, showing how modifications in proportional representation have helped create a more effective government. Dr Harris concludes that Turkey has the resources and dedication to representative government necessary to solve its most pressing problems. This is an essential read for students of international politics, Turkish politics, Turkish history, and Middle East studies.
Turkey, a Century of Change in State and Society (The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy)
by Bayram Balci Nicolas MonceauThe Republic of Turkey celebrates the centenary of its proclamation in 2023. Founded on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, one of the world’s greatest empires both in terms of its geographical extent and its longevity, Republican Turkey has gone through a century of profound and constant changes and transformations from politics to society, economy to religion, or culture to history. These changes have been produced by inner and foreign policies carried out and implemented by the country’s leaders – from Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the current Turkish President in 2023 - but also under the influence of the regional and international context. This collective work aims to take stock of the great achievements of the Turkish republican project. It attempts to draw a general presentation of the evolution of contemporary Turkey in six main areas which constitute six major issues for the country: the general political evolution of Turkey focusing on the issue of citizenship; the transformations in the Turkish economy through a political economy analysis; the evolution of the relationship between religion, state and society; Turkey’s nation-building and the Kurdish question, which still seeks a solution; the changes in Turkish foreign policy focusing on the relationship between Turkey and the West; the relationship between Turkey and Europe, caught between the model of civilization for the republican regime and the prospects of accession to the European Union. Several “focus points” also concentrate on specific subjects such as the Alevi issue, the Cyprus issue or the Turkish soft power with an accent on Africa.
Turkey and EU Integration: Achievements and Obstacles
by Çigdem Nas Yonca ÖzerWhat has been achieved regarding Turkey’s efforts at integration to the EU and what obstacles remain to it achieving full membership? Like other developing countries, Turkey displays visible signs of advancement with rapid increases in living standards, greater mobility and the rapid spread of technology. Much of its legislation and political, economic and administrative systems are also now aligned to the EU and this process has undoubtedly contributed to democratization and modernization. At the same time problems in politics and society persist; the Gezi protests, limitations of freedom of expression, frequent occupational accidents in the mining and construction sectors, honour killings and political upheaval which has manifested itself most starkly with the recent coup attempt all call attention to the challenges facing a country in the process of change. Charting the political, legal and economic relations between Turkey and the European Union since 1959 this book explores the relationship through phases such as association, customs union and candidacy. Each chapter covers a particular period in the relations and/or a theme which has both current and overall relevance to the conduct of the relations. In this way, the authors examine the impact of the EU in affecting change, what has been achieved and the obstacles that remain.
Turkey and European Integration: Accession Prospects and Issues (Europe and the Nation State)
by Mehmet Uğur Nergis CanefeThis book examines the important issue of Turkey's relationship with Europe. The authors uniquely present the Turkish view of integration within the broad context of the debates on Europeanisation and sovereignty, but with a specific focus on the internal debates and issues in Turkey itself. Key issues considered include populism, economic policy design, nationalism, Islam, human rights, business, public attitudes to Europeanisation and the position of the Turkish polity.