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Explanatory Style
by Martin E. P. Seligman Gregory McClellan BuchananThis is the first work to condense the large literature on explanatory style -- one's tendency to offer similar sorts of explanations for different events. This cognitive variable has been related to psychopathology, physical health, achievement and success. Compiled by experts in the fields of depression, anxiety, psychoneuroimmunology and motivation, this volume details our current level of understanding, outlines gaps in our knowledge, and discusses the future directions of the field. Data from a vast number of studies are presented, including results from studies not previously reported. Coverage includes sections on cross-cultural comparisons, life-span and development issues, and gender differences; and an extensive description of the measurement of explanatory style offering questionnaire and content-analysis methods for children, college populations and adults. This work is thus a valuable tool for anyone involved in research on the etiology and treatment of depression, cognitive therapy, motivation and emotion, and the link between physical and psychological well-being.
Explanatory Style
by Martin E. P. Seligman Gregory McClellan BuchananThis is the first work to condense the large literature on explanatory style -- one's tendency to offer similar sorts of explanations for different events. This cognitive variable has been related to psychopathology, physical health, achievement and success. Compiled by experts in the fields of depression, anxiety, psychoneuroimmunology and motivation, this volume details our current level of understanding, outlines gaps in our knowledge, and discusses the future directions of the field. Data from a vast number of studies are presented, including results from studies not previously reported. Coverage includes sections on cross-cultural comparisons, life-span and development issues, and gender differences; and an extensive description of the measurement of explanatory style offering questionnaire and content-analysis methods for children, college populations and adults. This work is thus a valuable tool for anyone involved in research on the etiology and treatment of depression, cognitive therapy, motivation and emotion, and the link between physical and psychological well-being.
Explicit and Implicit Prosody in Sentence Processing
by Lyn Frazier Edward GibsonTop researchers in prosody and psycholinguistics present their research and their views on the role of prosody in processing speech and also its role in reading. The volume characterizes the state of the art in an important area of psycholinguistics. How are general constraints on prosody ('timing') and intonation ('melody') used to constrain the parsing and interpretation of spoken language? How are they used to assign a default prosody/intonation in silent reading, and more generally what is the role of phonology in reading? Prosody and intonation interact with phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics and thus are at the very core of language processes.
Exploding Steamboats, Senate Debates, and Technical Reports: The Convergence of Technology, Politics, and Rhetoric in the Steamboat Bill of 1838 (Baywood's Technical Communications)
by R. John BrockmannBy 1838, over two thousand Americans had been killed and many hundreds injured by exploding steam engines on steamboats. After calls for a solution in two State of the Union addresses, a Senate Select Committee met to consider an investigative report from the Franklin Institute of Philadelphia, the first federally funded investigation into a technical.
Exploding Technical Communication: Workplace Literacy Hierarchies and Their Implications for Literacy Sponsorship (Baywood's Technical Communications)
by Charles H. Sides Remley DirkWithin the framework of New Literacy Studies, Dirk Remley presents a historical study of how technical communication practices at a World War II arsenal sponsored literacy within the community in which it operated from 1940 to 1960 and contemporary implications of similar forms of sponsorship. The Training within Industry (TWI) methods developed by the U.S. government and industry at that time included multimodal literate practices, particularly combinations of visual, oral, experiential, and print-linguistic text. Analyses reveal a hierarchy in which print-linguistic literacies were generally esteemed at the workplace and in the community. This literacy hierarchy contributed to a catastrophic accident that killed 11 people, prompting changes in the approach to designing certain training documents. This book links technical communication, especially the multimodal forms of representation commonly found in technical communication and instructional materials, to the concept of literacy sponsorship. The TWI methods used in training and system improvement during World War II are currently applied in business and industry as part of the "lean operating" and "continuous improvement" philosophies. These methods have also become part of the experiential learning philosophy favored in academia. Remley includes examples of current applications of multimodal forms of technical communication similar to those used at the arsenal as well as new media-related applications related to training and instruction. He also discusses their implications for literacy sponsorship. This book provides useful information for technical communication and literacy scholars and educators as well as practical case studies for business leaders, consultants, and practitioners. Intended Audience: Scholars in technical communication and literacy/writing studies; scholars in business (especially management and organizational analysis) and business communication consultants; scholars in history and sociology.
Exploration and Meaning Making in the Learning of Science
by Bernard ZubrowskiThis book provides a broad and deep rationale for various pedagogical practices associated with the teaching of science. The main thesis of this book is that the exploratory phase of scientific inquiry is undervalued and its purpose misunderstood. Furthermore, there is a need for an expanded conception or alternative way of thinking about the so called learning cycle that has been frequently cited as the pedagogical model for a fair number of curriculum programs. A pedagogical model is proposed that recognizes learning cycles as ones that build on each other in an in-depth developmental manner. It presents an alternative paradigm that gives more attention to the motivation of students and assigns an essential role for student input. The overall goal is to move the reader to think more holistically about the practice of science education. This original and unorthodox book summarizes the author's present thinking about curriculum design and direct work with students. The author draws upon his varied experiences to present a case for the importance of direct engagement with phenomena and materials. He argues that this practice is more than a matter of motivating students to become engaged in inquiry. The first four chapters lay out different levels of a pedagogical approach and an overall theoretical orientation. The middle chapters focus on what might be called sensory knowledge. These are concerned with the role of different sensory engagement, movement as related to gestural representation and the role of empathy in exploration. The last four chapters are about the role of aesthetic, play, variable exploration and metaphor in their shaping of science education experiences. Each chapter is introduced with a scenario or case study describing the behavior and talk of elementary or middle school students. The intention of these scenarios is to help the reader stay grounded while considering the more abstract development of research reports and broader philosophical issues.
Explorations Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience: At the Edge of Mind and Brain (The Routledge Neuropsychoanalysis Series)
by David D. OldsExplorations Between Psychoanalysis and Neuroscience brings together the life's work of David Olds, pioneering psychoanalyst, psychiatrist, philosopher, and key figure in neuropsychoanalysis.Throughout the chapters, the reader is taken on a journey through Olds' theories on psychoanalysis and neuroscience as he develops new ways of examining the brain and human thought. Olds instills in the reader the importance of taking an interdisciplinary approach to psychoanalysis, psychiatry and working with patients. He expands upon his philosophical background and integrates evolutionary biology, neurobiology, cognitive science and semiotics to show the importance of dual aspect monism in neuropsychoanalysis. The theories developed by Olds and presented in this volume will help analysts working with patients facing issues with memory, affect, consciousness, cognition and trauma, among other difficulties.This book will be essential reading to psychoanalysts and psychiatrists, as well as anybody interested in neuropsychoanalysis and the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to analytic thinking and practice.
Explorations in Bion's 'O': Everything We Know Nothing About (The Routledge Wilfred R. Bion Studies Book Series)
by Afsaneh K. Alisobhani Glenda J. CorstorphineWilfred Bion described "O" as "the unknowable and the unreachable ultimate truth". In this fascinating collection, a range of authors offer their own theoretical, clinical and artistic approaches to exploring this enduring but mysterious idea. <P><P>Drawn from contributions from the 8th International Bion Conference in 2014, the book examines how "O" can be experienced in all aspects of internal and external reality and within all relationships, from an individual relating to the mother to their emotional relationship with their self. It features insights into "O" drawn from the area of faith as well as its manifestations in clinical practice, while also included is a chapter exploring the links between Bion’s ideas and those of Winnicott, Lacan, Green and Freud. <P><P>Featuring contributions from some of the world’s leading Bion scholars, this will be essential reading for any psychoanalyst interested in exploring the concept of "O", as well as scholars in philosophy and theology.
Explorations in Cognitive Neuropsychology
by Alan ParkinCognitive neuropsychology has now established a major place in the teaching of undergraduate psychology degrees and is an important topic of postgraduate research. The subject is also of increasing interest to clinicians because of its links with devising remediation procedures for people with brain injury. Explorations in Cognitive Neuropsychology is the first major text to appear on this topic since the late 1980s and thus introduces the reader to a vast amount of research previously unavailable in textbook format. The book is written in a lively and engaging style which nonetheless enables the reader to get a scholarly, in-depth overview of this important field. The coverage of topics is very broad-ranging. It begins with an overview of the subject including issues such as research strategy and advances in neuroimaging. Following this are chapters on blindsight, agnosia, facial processing impairments, and the rapidly growing area of neglect. The next chapter is devoted to studies of the split brain. Two chapters then cover the enormous developments in devising functional architectures of the language system from the observation of discrete language impairments. Various aspects of memory impairments are then discussed and the book ends with a consideration of frontal lobe functions. At various points the book also covers the contribution of connectionist modelling to cognitive neuropsychology.
Explorations in Diversity: Examining Privilege and Oppression In A Multicultural Society (Second Edition)
by Sharon K. Anderson Valerie A. MiddletonThis unique text features personal accounts from mental health professionals, professors and students facing issues of privilege and oppression in our diverse society. In this collection of articles, writers discuss discoveries and experiences about their own privileges and oppression, and ultimately, the compassion they've developed for individuals confronted with discrimination. Each essay will inspire you to reflect on your own encounters with privilege and oppression, while discussion questions at the end of each story provide an opportunity to process these issues on a personal level. By studying these revealing stories of insight and understanding, you'll learn how to recognize, examine, and finally, come to terms with your own privileges and discrimination -- allowing you to become a stronger, more acute, and more effective practitioner of the helping professions.
Explorations in Dynamic Semiosis (Theory and History in the Human and Social Sciences)
by Elli Marie TragelThis anthology is a manifold combining semiotics and psychology. Chapters in the book are authored by young scholars making sense of semiosis in irreversible time from a multitude of perspectives. The central focus on the dynamics of meaning-making comes together in a variety of topics that align in the core idea of dynamic nature of human making and use of signs. First, this book gives a comprehensive overview of relational dynamics of the sign. The overview is followed by a collection of chapters focusing on various topics relevant for humanities and social sciences, such as experience of time, (cultural) memory, musical signification, human-computer interactions, death and eternity, freedom and responsibility, authenticity, methods for practice and research in psychology, etc. This anthology contributes to the integration of the fields of semiotics and psychology, building on the classic traditions of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics (established by Juri Lotman) and contemporary cultural psychology that has unified social sciences in the recent three decades. Examples of how new semiotic models are applied to various domains of human lives will be given, anticipating the future and addressing its past. As such, this book is a relevant read for everyone interested in the complex nature of meaning-making, and inclusion of dynamics in all expressions of life, including academic research.
Explorations in Empirical Translation Process Research (Machine Translation: Technologies and Applications #3)
by Michael CarlThis book assembles fifteen original, interdisciplinary research chapters that explore methodological and conceptual considerations as well as user and usage studies to elucidate the relation between the translation product and translation/post-editing processes. It introduces numerous innovative empirical/data-driven measures as well as novel classification schemes and taxonomies to investigate and quantify the relation between translation quality and translation effort in from-scratch translation, machine translation post-editing and computer-assisted audiovisual translation. The volume addresses questions in the translation of cognates, neologisms, metaphors, and idioms, as well as figurative and cultural specific expressions. It re-assesses the notion of translation universals and translation literality, elaborates on the definition of translation units and syntactic equivalence, and investigates the impact of translation ambiguity and translation entropy. The results and findings are interpreted in the context of psycho-linguistic models of bilingualism and re-frame empirical translation process research within the context of modern dynamic cognitive theories of the mind. The volume bridges the gap between translation process research and machine translation research. It appeals to students and researchers in the fields.
Explorations in Ethics: Meta, Normative, And Applied
by David KasparExplorations in Ethics is a collection of essays with a speculative bent. Its twelve contributors attempt to take ethics thinking in new directions. Ethics is fundamentally a speculative discipline. We sometimes lose sight of that because of our current scholarly practices, which include reliance on a set of traditional works in ethics, deferring to the scholarly literature, drawing from the evidential sources afforded us. This volume breaks the mold. It is committed, first and foremost, to exploring new ground in a methodologically sound way whilst respecting and building on the literature where needed. The contributors range from world renowned ethicists to early-career scholars. The ethical standpoints represented are various and the overall aim of this collection is to stimulate fresh thinking.
Explorations in Giftedness
by Robert J. Sternberg Elena L. Grigorenko Linda JarvinThis book is a scholarly overview of the modern concepts, definitions, and theories of intellectual giftedness, and of past and current developments in the field of gifted education. The authors consider, in some detail, the roles of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom in giftedness and the interaction between culture and giftedness, as well as how giftedness can be understood in terms of a construct of developing expertise. The authors also review and discuss a set of key studies that address the issues of identification and education of children with intellectual gifts. This volume may be used as a summary overview of the field for educators, psychologists, social workers, and other professionals who serve intellectually gifted children and their families.
Explorations in Learning and the Brain
by Theo Van Leeuwen Tamara Van Gog Ton De Jong Janet Van Hell Kathleen Jenks Annemarie Boschloo Jeroen Van Merrienboer Sarah Manlove Jelle JollesThe past decade has witnessed efforts on the part of research, education and policy communities to create a dialogue about the potential relationship between cognitive neuroscience and the science and practice of education. The upsurge of interest in neuroscience in general has given rise to increased attention to the role of the brain in learning. However, much of the debate has been dominated by extremes. Explorations in Learning and the Brain takes a different stance in the sense that developments within neuroscience are not the starting point but rather uses major questions dominant in educational research, notably instructional systems design and related fields within the educational sciences, as its basis. The book identifies interfaces between neuro-scientific and educational research, and informs on potentially interesting additions to educational research and viable interdisciplinary ventures.
Explorations in Nonverbal and Vocal Behavior
by George F. MahlFirst published in 1987. This book is a collection of selected papers about nonverbal and vocal behavior during clinical and investigative, psychological interviews. They are some of the studies conducted by students, colleagues, and the author over the past 35 years. More than half of the papers have never been published, although most of them were presented at scientific meetings. The previously published papers have appeared in widely scattered places, often as chapters in books. This volume makes available for the first time a fairly complete presentation of a coherent body of work.
Explorations into the Self (The\library Of Analytical Psychology Ser.)
by Michael FordhamThis rewarding work is the product of sustained observation of and reflection on phenomena arising out of three broad topics in the field of analytical psychology. Firstly it analyses and evaluates the ambiguity in Jung's definitions and metaphors about the self, while at the same time expounding the theory of the self as a dynamic system, evolving through deintegration and reintegration processes during early infancy and childhood. Secondly it investigates the relation of the ego to the self, giving notable consideration to psychoanalytic work. Finally the presence of the self, behind or within both the religious and the alchemical experience, is explored. Fordham's innovative and original view of the self further extends our understanding of its dynamics and helps to establish some sense of the complementariness as well as differences between Jung and Klein.
Explorations of Chinese Moral Education Curriculum and Textbooks: Children’s Life and Moral Learning (Curriculum Reform and School Innovation in China)
by Le Zhang Yan Tang Desheng GaoThis book shares with English readers Chinese theoretical and practical explorations of moral education curriculum for primary schools within the basic education curriculum reform project since 2001.The book expounds this moral education curriculum reform and focuses on three main ideas: The curriculum’s aim is to enrich children’s experiences and reflect their own lives; the curriculum’s content is originated from children’s lives; the curriculum’s structure is developed from children’s learning approach in their morality and social study. In this book, light is also shed on how to construct moral education textbooks, direct moral instruction, and moral teacher identity in the perspective of moral learning; how to knit law education and Chinese traditional culture education in moral curriculum.This is the first comprehensive book focusing on Chinese moral education curriculum reform. It will appeal to researchers, research students, and writers of moral education textbooks. It is also suitable for teacher training programs to help future teachers learn about moral education curriculum and help them effectively design and organize it for children’s morality study.
Exploratory and Descriptive Statistics (The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit)
by Julie Scott Jones GoldringNervous about statistics? This guide offers you a clear, straight to the point break down of exploratory and descriptive statistics and its potential. Anchored by lots of examples and exercises to enhance your learning, this book will give you the know-how and confidence needed to succeed on your quantitative research journey.
Exploratory and Descriptive Statistics (The SAGE Quantitative Research Kit)
by Julie Scott Jones GoldringNervous about statistics? This guide offers you a clear, straight to the point break down of exploratory and descriptive statistics and its potential. Anchored by lots of examples and exercises to enhance your learning, this book will give you the know-how and confidence needed to succeed on your quantitative research journey.
Exploring Betty A. Reardon’s Perspective on Peace Education: Looking Back, Looking Forward (Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice #20)
by Dale T. SnauwaertThis book presents commentaries by a leading international group of peace education scholars and practitioners concerning Reardon’s peace education theory and intellectual legacy. The guiding question throughout the book is: How can her foundational work be used to advance the theory and practice of peace education? In an attempt to find answers, the contributing authors explore three general areas of inquiry: (1) Theoretical Foundations of Peace and Human Rights Education; (2) Feminism and the Gender Perspective as Pathways of Transformation Toward Peace and Justice; and (3) Peace Education Pedagogy and Practices. A contemplative commentary by Reardon herself rounds out the coverage
Exploring Boarding School Challenges for Women and Third Culture Kids: Worlds Away from Home
by Nicky Moxey Linda DevereuxThrough personal testimonies, this book offers insights into the boarding school experiences of women and third culture kids (TCKs), examining the particular challenges for those who are sent away from their families and all that is familiar to board in a country that feels worlds away from home.The stereotype of expatriate families is of glamorous lives lived in exotic locations with access to wealth and privilege. However, many of these families feel pressure to send their children ‘home’ to boarding school in their passport country without understanding the long-term implications of this choice. This book explores such long-term effects, starting with laying an accessible theoretical framework for the reader by drawing on scholarship from the fields of psychology, the study of TCKs, and the growing understanding of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The text then moves into the personal testimonies of 16 individuals, most of whom are TCKs or cross-cultural boarders, shedding light on the particular challenges they’ve faced. The book ends by offering hope and help with chapters providing insights and practical strategies for supporting those affected by boarding school.This user-friendly, accessible volume will appeal to professionals working with transcultural boarders, ex-boarders, or those who are considering sending their own children to boarding school.
Exploring Borders: Understanding Culture and Psychology
by Giuseppe MantovaniIn Exploring Borders Giuseppe Mantovani highlights and explores the ways in which culture acts as a framework organising our experience. He emphasises the differences across and between cultures and examines the depths to which these can go. He also analyses the functions of culture, including: mediation, meaning-making, and forming a repertory of values and principles. Finally, he considers some of the challenges raised by taking a cultural perspective and examines how these may be addressed in society. This highly original and eminently readable narrative will be invaluable to scholars of psychology, media and cultural studies, and to all those fascinated by culture and eager to to make the cultural dimension visible to all.
Exploring Child Development
by Laura BerkExploring Child Development provides students with a clear, efficient survey of the most important concepts and research findings in the field of child development. In just 10 chapters, Berk makes classic, contemporary, and cutting-edge theories and research accessible in a manageable and relevant way, with an especially strong emphasis on real-world applications and an exceptional multicultural and cross-cultural focus. <p><p>Chronologically organized, the text offers a complete introduction to the field, highlighting the most important concepts and research findings. This combination of rich content with concise presentation offers instructors unparalleled flexibility in designing their courses to meet both curricular and student needs.
Exploring Child and Adolescent Development (Berk, Exploring Child and Adolescent Development Series)
by Laura BerkLaura Berk’s most concise child development text! Exploring Child and Adolescent Development provides students with a clear, efficient survey of the most important concepts and research findings in the field of child development. In just 12 chapters, Berk makes classic, contemporary, and cutting-edge theories and research accessible in a manageable and relevant way, with an especially strong emphasis on real-world applications and an exceptional multicultural and cross-cultural focus. Chronologically organized, the text offers a complete introduction to the field, highlighting the most important concepts and research findings. This combination of rich content with concise presentation offers instructors unparalleled flexibility in designing their courses to meet both curricular and student needs.